Analysing the Determinants of Fresh Beef Consumption and its Marketing Efficiency in Nigeria: A Rural Perspective

Figures & Tables

Challenge	Frequency	Percentage	Ranking
Income of HH	789	70.76	1^th
Price of beef	556	49.87	2^nd
Market availability	467	41.88	3^rd
Health problem	302	27.09	4^th
Taste	223	20.00	5^th
Household size	201	18.03	6^th
Age	190	17.04	7^th

Parameter	Coefficient	Standard error	t-value	Level of sig.
Constant	−2.1820	1.2010	−1.81	0.071^*
Age (X₁)	−0.0487	0.0209	−2.28	0.024^*
Gender (X₂)	−0.1407	0.3482	−0.40	0.686^ns
Edu level (X₃)	0.0718	0.0489	1.46	0.143^ns
M/status (X₄)	−0.1393	0.3547	−0.39	0.695^ns
H/H size (X₅)	0.1096	0.0351	3.11	0.002^**
Income (X₆)	0.0016	0.0008	2.09	0.037^*
Occupation (X₇)	0.6363	0.3997	1.59	0.113^ns
Taste (X₈)	0.0027	0.0018	15.06	0.000^***
M/E/B (X₉)	0.0011	0.0021	5.41	0.000^***
M/E/S (X₁₀)	0.5070	0.1222	4.14	0.000^***
F/C/B (X₁₁)	−2.1820	1.2010	−1.81	0.071^*

R²	0.865 (86.5%)

R² adjusted	0.858 (85.8%)

F-ratio	134.744^***

S/No.	Variables	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Age
	20–30	27	2.42
	31–40	33	2.96
	41–50	710	63.68
	Above 50	345	30.94
	Total	1 115	100.00
2.	Gender
	Male	780	69.96
	Female	335	30.04
	Total	1 115	100.00
3.	Marital status
	Single	362	32.47
	Married	605	54.26
	Divorcee	89	7.98
	Widower	59	5.29
	Total	1 115	100.00
4.	Household size
	< 5	535	47.98
	6–10	252	22.60
	11–15	84	7.53
	16–20	143	12.83
	Above 20	101	9.06

Variable	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard dev.
Age	27.00	69.00	31.60	7,701.00
Education level	6.00	12.00	9.50	3,296.00
Household size	1.00	30.00	8.00	1,771.00
Monthly income (₦)	20,000	456,000	37,353.70	9,114,300.00

Item	Unit		Quantity	Total cost (₦)	Percentage (%)
Gross receipt (GR)

Fresh beef	kg	2,000	30,300	60,600,000	89.02
Skin	kg	800	2,525	2,020,000	2.97
Ingester	kg	1,700	3,030	5,151,000	7.57
Horn/bone	kg	30	10,100	303,000	0.44
Total gross receipts (TGR)				68,074,000	100.00

Marketing expenses

Cost of slaughtering	per cow	1,000		101,000	0.24
Cost of flaying	per cow	1,500		151,500	0.37
Cost of beef purchased	kg	1,300	30,805	40,046,500	97.87
Cost of loading/offloading	per cow	500		50,500	0.12
Transportation cost	per cow	600		60,600	0.14
Cost of packaging	kg	10		303,000	0.74
Cost of storage		200		20,200	0.04
Cost of tax		800		80,800	0.19
Miscellaneous		1,000		101,000	0.20
Total marketing expenses (TME)				40,915,100	100.00

Depreciation on fixed cost

Wheel barrow				1,049,340.23	42.38
Knife				191,480.43	7.73
Table				1,235,450.09	49.89
Total depreciation on fixed cost				2,476,270.75	100.00
Total marketing cost (TVC)				43,391,370.75
Gross margin (GM) = TR – TVC				24,682,629.25
Marketing efficiency (ME) = GR/Me × 100				1.56 (156%)

S/No.	Variable	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Age
	20–30	24	17.02
	31–40	43	30.50
	41–50	54	38.30
	Above 50	20	14.18
	Total	141	100.00
2.	Gender
	Male	141	100
	Female	-	-
	Total	141	100.00
3.	Marital status
	Single	29	20.57
	Married	78	55.32
	Divorcee	19	13.48
	Widower	15	10.63
	Total	141	100.00
4.	Household size
	<5	46	32.62
	6–10	36	25.53
	11–15	23	16.31
	16–20	19	13.48
	Above 20	17	12.06
	Total	141	100.00

S/No.	Variable	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Education level
	Non-Formal	25	17.73
	Primary	38	26.95
	Secondary	55	39.01
	Tertiary	23	16.31
	Total	141	100.00
2.	Monthly income
	₦20,000	32	22.70
	₦21,000–₦50,000	35	24.82
	Above ₦50,000	74	52.48
	Total	141	100.00
3.	Years of experience
	< 5	20	14.20
	6–10	45	31.91
	11–15	58	41.13
	16–20	10	7.09
	Above 20	08	5.67
	Total	141	100.00
4.	Membership
	Yes	110	78.01
	No	31	21.99
	Total	141	100.00

Variable	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard dev.
Age	29.00	75.00	33.32	9.25
Education level	6.00	16.00	11.94	4.06
Household size	1.00	25.00	7.00	5.00
Monthly income (₦)	20,000	100,000	36,353.68	21,570.86

Wards	Beef^*	Sellers (75% of n)^**	Beef^*	Consumers (75 of n)^**
Belel	22	17	171	128
Humbutudi	21	16	201	150
Konkol	18	14	157	118
Mayo-Nguli	17	13	095	071
Manjekin	19	14	187	140
Maiha-Gari	25	19	256	192
Sorau-A	17	13	089	067
Sorau-B	16	12	191	143
Tambajam	15	11	069	052
Pakka	16	12	072	054
Total	186	141	1488	1115