Chi-square test of individual factors that are associated with digitalization in the rice value chain
| Factor | X2 | Probability (p) | Cramer’s V |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 4.85 | 0.0277* | 0.1641 |
| Educational level | 2.45 | 0.1180 | 0.1536 |
| Income | 35.50 | 0.0000* | 0.4440 |
| Previous ICT experience | 12.10 | 0.0005* | 0.2590 |
| Gender | 8.72 | 0.0031* | 0.2200 |
| Experience | 23.43 | 0.0000* | 0.3606 |
| Perception of ICT | 8.72 | 0.0031* | 0.2200 |
| Knowledge and competence | 9.67 | 0.0018* | 0.2320 |
Selected socio-economic characteristics of respondents
| Socio-economic variable | Frequency (N = 180) | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 21–40 | 66 | 36.66 |
| 41–60 | 78 | 43.33 |
| 61–80 | 36 | 20.00 |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 65 | 36.11 |
| Female | 115 | 63.88 |
| Value chain node | ||
| Production only | 53 | 29.44 |
| Production& Processing | 61 | 33.88 |
| Input supply | 12 | 6.66 |
| Aggregation/Storage/Offtake | 36 | 20.00 |
| Logistic /Distr./Marketing | 18 | 10.00 |
| Experience(years) | ||
| 1–5 | 38 | 21.11 |
| 6–10 | 62 | 34.44 |
| 11–15 | 47 | 26.11 |
| 16–20 | 33 | 18.33 |
| Educational level | ||
| No formal education | 12 | 6.66 |
| Primary education | 56 | 31.11 |
| Secondary education | 88 | 48.88 |
| Tertiary education | 24 | 13.33 |
Distribution of the sample size
| Agricultural zone | LGA | Town | Number of respondents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aguata | Orumba North | Omogho | 30 |
| Aguata | Orumba North | Ufuma | 30 |
| Anambra | Ayamelum | Omor | 30 |
| Anambra | Ayamelum | Ifite-Ogwari | 30 |
| Awka | Awka North | Achalla | 30 |
| Awka | Awka North | Ebenebe | 30 |
| Total | 180 | ||
Digital tools and technologies used by cooperative societies’ members in the rice value chain
| Digital tool and technologies | Responses | Percentage | Ranking of use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Use of Mobile Phones | 163 | 90.55* | 1st |
| Computers and Tablets | 95 | 55.00* | 6th |
| Digital Financial Service & Solutions | 127 | 70.55* | 4th |
| Market Access and Information Solutions | 95 | 52.77* | 7th |
| E-wallet for Inputs purchase and delivery | 133 | 73.88* | 3rd |
| Data Capture Tools and Analytics | 86 | 47.77 | |
| Farm Management Software | 51 | 28.33 | |
| Software for weather prediction | 145 | 80.55* | 2nd |
| Price /Advisory on GAP | 123 | 68.33* | 5th |
| Drones for Farm scouting | 35 | 19.44 | |
| GIS, Precision Agriculture and Remote Sensing | 59 | 32.77 | |
| Variable Rate Applicator/Machinery Sensor | 21 | 11.66 |
Chi-square test on technological factors that affect the digitalization of rice activities of members of cooperative societies in Anambra State
| Factor | X2 | P |
|---|---|---|
| High cost of initial acquisition of digital tools | 13.60 | 0.0002** |
| Infrastructure access deficiency | 12.72 | 0.0004** |
| Internet connectivity (band-with) limitation | 8.93 | 0.0028** |
| The presence of cyber insecurity and internet fraud | 3.20 | 0.0736 |
| High cost of maintenance and repairs of digital tools | 10.12 | 0.0015** |
| The access of ICT and relevant technological skills | 9.90 | 0.0016** |
Chi-square test on institutional factors that influence digitalization of rice activities of cooperative patrons in Anambra State
| Factors | X2 | P |
|---|---|---|
| Size of cooperative society / Turnover of business | 15.23 | 0.0001** |
| Cooperative society’s credit support system | 8.62 | 0.0033** |
| Government/Extension Support | 2.59 | 0.1075 |
| Provision of training& Education by cooperative | 7.18 | 0.0073** |
| Credit provision and support by government | 33.61 | 0.0000** |
| Presence of Internet security Access | 2.63 | 0.1048 |
| Patent and legal issues on technology | 6.78 | 0.0922** |