Economics of Resource Utilisation Efficiency and Constraints Related to Maize Production in North West Nigeria

Figures & Tables

Variables	Output of maize in Nigeria (tons)	World output of maize (tons)
Maize output in 2021	12 948 920	1 207 996 141.74
Maize output in 2022	12 744 450	1 163 497 383.13

Elasticity (ε_p)	Land	Agrochemicals	Labour	Fertilizer	Seed	RTS (Σε_p)
Estimates	0.17	0.11	0.29	0.18	0.15	0.90

Variables	Coef	Std. er.	P-value
Land	0.1609***	0.0358	0.000
Agrochemicals	0.1071**	0.0498	0.024
Labour	0.2897*	0.1471	0.042
Fertilizer	0.1818***	0.0404	0.000
Seed	0.1461**	0.0649	0.034
Constant	2.175***	0.4028	0.000
δ²	4.2574***
γ(Gamma)	0.8139
Log-Likelihood	–728.65
Wald χ²(5)	89.23***
Mean efficiency score	0.72

Variables	Unit of measurement	X¯i {{{\rm{\bar X}}}_i}	SD
Age	Years	46	11.25
Gender	1 = male; 0 = otherwise	0.85	0.39
Farming experience	years	9	3.71
Household size	number	7	2.72
Educational status	years	11	5.6
Farm size	ha	1.75	0.97
Maize output	kg/ha	1,500	203.01
Member of cooperatives	1 = yes; 0 = otherwise	0.75	0.57

Resources	MPP	MVP	MFC	r	Remarks
Land	145.71	72,855	9,000	8.095	underutilization
Agrochemicals	75	37,500	4,000	9.375	underutilization
Labour	27.19	13,595	5,000	2.719	underutilization
Fertilizer	0.9	450	300	1.500	underutilization
Seed	9	4,500	3,000	1.500	underutilization

Challenges	Eigen-value	Difference	Proportion	Cumulative	Rank
Lack of access to land	4.3603	0.7570	0.3004	0.3004	1^st
High cost of fertilizer	3.6033	0.7871	0.1216	0.4220	2^nd
Lack of farm technologies	2.8162	0.4121	0.1109	0.5329	3^rd
High cost of chemical	2.4041	0.4810	0.1107	0.6436	4^th
High cost of labour	1.9231	0.8489	0.0902	0.7338	5^th
Lack of improved seeds	1.0742	0.0918	0.0704	0.8042	6^th

Bartlett test of sphericity
χ²	3 692.78***
KMO	0.813
Rho	1.00000