The Marketing Margin and Profit Structure of Nine Commercially Important Marine Fish Species in the Southeast Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Jahan, Roksana; Chad, Nur Alam; Hossain, Jakir; Kamal, Sadia Afrin

doi:10.17306/J.JARD.2024.00001

Figures & Tables

Map showing the study areas: (a) the whole of Bangladesh, (b) the district of Dhaka and (c) the district of Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh

Marketing channels for marine fish species in the primary, secondary and consumer marketsSource: updated from Porras et al., 2017.

(B)
	Purchase price	Marketing cost	Sale price	Marketing margin	Marketing profit	Total gross marketing margin
Purchase price	1	0.212	0.999^**	0.561^*	0.546^*	–0.611^**
Marketing cost	0.212	1	0.211	0.227	0.105	–0.052
Sale price	0.999^**	0.212	1	0.587^**	0.572^**	–0.587^**
Marketing margin	0.561^*	0.227	0.587^**	1	0.992^**	–0.117
Marketing profit	0.546^*	0.105	0.572^**	0.992^**	1	–0.113
Total gross marketing margin	–0.611^**	–0.052	–0.587^**	–0.117	–0.113	1

Purchase price, marketing costs, sale price, marketing margin, market profit and total gross marketing margin of hilsa, silver pomfret and mackerel tuna, 2001–2022

	Hilsa				Silver pomfret				Mackerel tuna

	2001	2007	2014	2022	2001	2007	2014	2022	2001	2007	2014	2022
Primary market

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	1.32	1.48	6.76	10.20	3.17	2.68	7.86	7.88	0.79	0.97	1.63	2.12
Marketing costs ($ kg⁻¹)	0.09	0.08	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.09	0.12	0.11	0.08	0.07	0.11	0.08
Sales price ($ kg⁻¹)	1.46	1.66	7.58	11.52	3.38	3.04	8.81	8.89	0.92	1.20	1.82	2.53
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	0.14	0.18	0.81	1.31	0.21	0.35	0.94	1.01	0.12	0.24	0.20	0.40
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.05	0.10	0.69	1.20	0.10	0.26	0.83	0.90	0.04	0.16	0.08	0.32
Total gross marketing margin (%)	9.64	10.99	10.71	11.40	6.25	11.66	10.71	11.36	13.46	19.70	10.71	16.00

Secondary market

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	1.46	1.71	7.58	11.52	3.38	3.04	8.81	8.89	0.92	1.20	1.82	2.53
Marketing costs ($ kg⁻¹)	0.03	0.06	0.13	0.41	0.03	0.04	0.13	0.26	0.02	0.04	0.13	0.25
Sales price ($ kg⁻¹)	1.53	1.81	8.56	13.13	3.51	3.15	9.95	10.10	0.99	1.29	2.06	3.03
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	0.07	0.10	0.98	1.62	0.12	0.10	1.15	1.21	0.07	0.08	0.24	0.51
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.05	0.04	0.85	1.21	0.10	0.06	1.02	0.95	0.05	0.04	0.11	0.25
Total gross marketing margin (%)	4.60	5.43	11.50	12.31	3.52	3.29	11.50	12.00	7.14	6.25	11.50	16.67

Consumer market

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	1.53	1.86	8.56	13.13	3.51	3.10	9.95	10.10	0.99	1.42	2.06	3.03
Marketing costs ($ kg⁻¹)	0.06	0.07	0.16	0.08	0.06	0.09	0.16	0.08	0.06	0.07	0.16	0.07
Sales price	1.71	2.14	9.59	14.75	3.70	3.41	11.15	11.62	1.15	1.67	2.31	3.54
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	0.18	0.28	1.03	1.62	0.19	0.32	1.19	1.52	0.16	0.25	0.25	0.51
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.12	0.21	0.87	1.53	0.13	0.22	1.03	1.43	0.10	0.19	0.09	0.44
Total gross marketing margin (%)	10.31	13.17	10.71	10.96	5.24	9.23	10.71	13.04	13.85	15.16	10.72	14.29

Overview of empirical data collection methods during the study period

Market	Location of market	Participants	Sample size	Tools
Primary Market (Landing center)	BFDC landing center, Cox's Bazar	Fisherman	30	Individual interview, Focus group discussion (FGD)
		Mahajon	08
		Bepari (Supplier)	12
Secondary market	Karwan Bazar, Dhaka	Beparies	15	Individual interview, Focus group discussion (FGD)
Secondary market	Karwan Bazar, Dhaka	Aratdar (Fish brokers)	15	Individual interview, Focus group discussion (FGD)
Consumer market	Cox's Bazar Meteropolitan market	Retailer	15	Individual interview
	Cox's Bazar Meteropolitan market	Consumer	30	Individual interview
	Town Hall Market, Mohammadpur, Dhaka	Retailer	15	Individual interview
	Town Hall Market, Mohammadpur, Dhaka	Consumer	30	Individual interview

Marketing margin ($ kg−1) and profit ($ kg−1) of long- and short-chain marketing channels in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh from 1 January 2022 to 15 May 2022

Primary market	Hilsa (< 1 kg)	Hilsa (> 1 kg)	Mackerel tuna	Black pomfret	Silver pomfret	Bombay duck	Indian mackerel	Bigeye croaker	Red snapper	Gagora catfish
Primary market (short- and long-chain marketing channels)

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	6.46	10.20	2.12	4.55	7.88	1.01	2.02	2.22	4.34	2.53
Marketing cost ($ kg⁻¹)	0.09	0.12	0.08	0.10	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08
Sale price ($ kg⁻¹)	7.07	11.52	2.53	5.05	8.89	1.31	2.53	2.63	5.05	3.03
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	.61	1.31	0.40	0.51	1.01	0.30	0.51	0.40	0.71	0.51
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.51	1.20	0.32	0.40	0.90	0.23	0.43	0.33	0.62	0.43
Total gross marketing margin (%)	8.57	11.40	16.00	10.00	11.36	23.08	20.00	15.38	14.00	16.67

Secondary market (long-chain marketing channel)

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	7.07	11.52	2.53	5.05	8.89	1.31	2.53	2.63	5.05	3.03
Marketing cost ($ kg⁻¹)	0.37	0.41	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.20	0.24	0.21	0.24	0.24
Sale price ($ kg⁻¹)	8.28	13.13	3.03	5.86	10.10	1.82	3.03	3.23	6.06	3.64
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	1.21	1.62	0.51	0.81	1.21	0.51	0.51	0.61	1.01	0.61
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.85	1.21	0.25	0.55	0.95	0.30	0.26	0.40	0.77	0.37
Total gross marketing margin (%)	14.63	12.31	16.67	13.79	12.00	27.78	16.67	18.75	16.67	16.67

Consumer market (long-chain marketing channel)

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	8.28	13.13	3.03	5.86	10.10	1.82	3.03	3.23	6.06	3.64
Marketing cost ($ kg⁻¹)	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.07
Sale price ($ kg⁻¹)	9.09	14.75	3.54	6.57	11.62	2.32	3.54	4.04	7.07	4.55
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	0.81	1.62	0.51	0.71	1.52	0.51	0.51	0.81	1.01	0.91
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.73	1.53	0.44	0.63	1.43	0.46	0.44	0.75	0.94	0.84
Total gross marketing margin (%)	8.89	10.96	14.29	10.77	13.04	21.74	14.29	20.00	14.29	20.00

Consumer market (short-chain marketing channel)

Purchase price ($ kg⁻¹)	7.07	11.52	2.53	5.05	8.89	1.31	2.53	2.63	5.05	3.03
Marketing cost ($ kg⁻¹)	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03
Sale price ($ kg⁻¹)	7.88	12.83	2.83	6.06	9.90	1.62	2.83	3.03	6.06	3.43
Marketing margin ($ kg⁻¹)	0.81	1.31	0.30	1.01	1.01	0.30	0.30	0.40	1.01	0.40
Marketing profit ($ kg⁻¹)	0.77	1.27	0.28	0.97	0.97	0.28	0.26	0.37	0.97	0.38
Total gross marketing margin (%)	10.26	10.24	10.71	16.67	10.20	18.75	10.71	13.33	16.67	11.76

Common and scientific names of nine marine fish species of the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh

SL No.	Common name	Scientific name	Weight (kg)
1a.	Hilsa	Tenualosa ilisha	1–1.8
1b.	Hilsa	Tenualosa ilisha	0.5–0.7
2.	Mackerel tuna	Euthynnus affinis	0.3–0.5
3.	Black pomfret	Parastromateus niger	< 0.5
4.	Silver pomfret	Stromateus argenteus	0.25–0.4
5.	Bombay duck	Harpodon nehereus	0.05–0.1
6.	Indian mackerel	Rastrelliger kanagurta	0.1–0.25
7.	Bigeye croaker	Pennahia anea	0.2–0.3
8.	Red snapper	Lutjanus campechanus	0.3–0.6
9.	Gagora catfish	Arius gagora	>0.8

The sources of the data on marketing margin and profit for three marine fish species of Bangladesh

Species	Reference	Study Area
Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), Silver Pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and Mackerel Tuna (Euthynnus affinis)	Islam et al., 2001	Primary market: landing centers in Cox's Bazar, Chittagong and Patuakhali were considered and for that of Secondary and consumer market: six major districts in Bangladesh such as Dhaka, Mymensingh, Sylhet, Jessore, Rajshahi and Dinajpur
	Islam et al., 2007	Primary market: landing center at Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Khulna, Satkhira, Bagherhat, Noakhali and Patuakhali Secondary and consumer market: Wholesale and retail market at Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Khulna, Satkhira, Bagherhat, Noakhali, Patuakhali and Dhaka
	Rabbani et al., 2017	Primary market: landing centers at Cox's Bazar, Chittagong and Khulna. Secondary market: Wholesale markets at Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Khulna, Dhaka and Rangpur Consumer market: Retail markets at Cox's Bazar, Chittagong, Khulna, Dhaka, Rangpur and Mymensingh.

Marketing costs ($ kg−1) for the long- and short-chain marketing channels in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh from 1 January 2022 to 15 May 2022

Item	Hilsa (< 1 kg)	Hilsa (> 1 kg)	Mackerel tuna	black Pomfret	silver Pomfret	Bombay duck	Indian mackerel	Bigeye croaker	Red snapper	Gagora catfish
Primary market (short and long-chain marketing channel)

Transportation cost	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Unloading	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.004	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Icing	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03
Landing station toll	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Wages	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
House rent	0.004	0.004	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Electricity cost	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Total	0.09	0.12	0.08	0.10	0.11	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08

Secondary market (long-chain marketing channel)

Transportation cost	0.04	0.06	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.04
Unloading	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Cork sheet	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.04
Packaging	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Icing	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.04
Wages	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Aratdar commission	0.20	0.20	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
House rent	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Electricity cost	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Total	0.37	0.41	0.25	0.26	0.26	0.21	0.24	0.21	0.24	0.24

Consumer market (long-chain marketing channel)

Transportation cost	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.04
Unloading	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Icing	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02
House rent	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Electricity cost	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.05	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.07

Consumer market (short-chain marketing channel)

Transportation cost	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Unloading	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Icing	0.02	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01
House rent	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Electricity cost	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003	0.003
Total	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.03

The Marketing Margin and Profit Structure of Nine Commercially Important Marine Fish Species in the Southeast Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Purchase price, marketing costs, sale price, marketing margin, market profit and total gross marketing margin of hilsa, silver pomfret and mackerel tuna, 2001–2022

Overview of empirical data collection methods during the study period

Marketing margin ($ kg−1) and profit ($ kg−1) of long- and short-chain marketing channels in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh from 1 January 2022 to 15 May 2022

Common and scientific names of nine marine fish species of the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh

The sources of the data on marketing margin and profit for three marine fish species of Bangladesh

Marketing costs ($ kg−1) for the long- and short-chain marketing channels in the southeast coastal areas of Bangladesh from 1 January 2022 to 15 May 2022

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