Figure 1
High-speed motion pictures of bubble bursting dynamics, reproduced from Kientzler et al. (1954) under CC BY (https://doi.org/10.3402/tellus.v6i1.8717). Sequence shows 1.5 mm diameter bubbles bursting in fresh water with a clean surface, captured horizontally through a glass microscope slide. The images were taken at 3,340 frames per second, revealing the progressive stages of bubble cavity collapse and jet formation. The stationary droplets visible in the image sequence are droplets adhering to the inner surface of the glass observation window, produced by earlier bubble-bursting events.
Figure 2
Bubble concentration (cc–1 per 100 μm band width) in seawater produced by breaking waves. Shaded regions show bubble concentrations from different wave conditions: breaking waves on the open sea (Region A) and waves breaking over a rock (Region B), demonstrating the variability in bubble production mechanisms. Redrawn from data digitised from Figure 4 of Blanchard and Woodcock (1957) under CC BY (https://doi.org/10.3402/tellus.v9i2.9094).