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Does Psychological Detachment From Work Protect Employees under High Intensified Job Demands? Cover

Does Psychological Detachment From Work Protect Employees under High Intensified Job Demands?

Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
Volume 6 (2021): Issue 1
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Oct 2021
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

The interaction model tested in a simplified form.

Note. Solid lines describe direct associations and dashed line the interaction.

Table 1

Inter-correlations between the Latent Constructs (WI, IJPDs, ICPDs, ILDs, PD, Emotional Exhaustion) and Control Variables.

Variables1234567891011
1. WI–      
2. IJPDs0.57***–      
3. ICPDs0.51***0.78***–      
4. ILDs0.48***0.45***0.52***–      
5. PD–0.37***–0.21***–0.19***–0.29***–      
6. Emotional exhaustion0.75***0.38***0.38***0.38***–0.60***–      
7. Gender–0.16***–0.02      –0.10***–0.19***0.14***–0.20***–      
8. Age0.05**  0.10***–0.07***0.17***–0.02      –0.03      0.01      –      
9. Education0.19***0.13***0.20***0.36***–0.23***0.18***–0.20***0.11***–      
10. Employment contract0.07***0.06**  –0.08***0.07***0.06**  0.04*    0.06**  0.28***–0.07***–      
11. Working hours in week0.19***0.17***0.07***0.10***–0.11***0.26***0.09***0.04*    0.02      0.12***–

[i] Note: WI = work intensification; IJPDs = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, ICPDs = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, ILDs = intensified learning demands, PD = psychological detachment, gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 2

Fit indices for Confirmatory Factor Analyses Testing the Measurement Models.

Modelχ2dfScaling correctionSatorra-Bentler scaled χ2 difference testCFITLIRMSEASRMR
A: One factor a23861.948***2751.182–0.4910.4450.1580.144
B: Three factors b16380.716***2721.187Δχ2(3) = 12981.117, p < .0010.6520.6170.1320.131
C: Five factors c3497.838***2651.183Δχ2(7) = 11246.841, p < .0010.9300.9210.0600.055
D: Six factors d2841.336***2601.180Δχ2(5) = 586.367, p < .0010.9440.9360.0540.051

[i] Note: a In model A, all 25 items of IJDs, emotional exhaustion, and psychological detachment were loaded onto one factor. b In model B, 19 items of IJDs were loaded onto one factor and emotional exhaustion (3 items) and psychological detachment (3 items) on separate factors. c In model C, items of IJPDs (5 items) and ICPDs (3 items) were loaded onto one factor and WI, ILDs, emotional exhaustion, and psychological detachment on the separate factors. d In model D, WI, ICPDs, ILDs, ILDs, emotional exhaustion and psychological detachment were loaded onto separate factors. Models with two and four factors were excluded because they were not considered theoretically reasonable.

Table 3

Associations between WI, Psychological Detachment, and Emotional Exhaustion (Model 1).

PredictorStep 1Step 2Step 3
b*SEb*SEb*SE
WI0.72***0.010.60***0.020.61***0.02
PD–0.36***0.02–0.36***0.02
WI × PD–0.10***0.02
Gender–0.09***0.02–0.07***0.01–0.06***0.01
Age–0.09***0.02–0.08***0.02–0.08***0.02
Education0.03*    0.02–0.02      0.02–0.02      0.02
Employment contract0.01      0.020.04*    0.020.03*    0.02
Working hours in week0.14***0.020.11***0.020.10***0.02
R20.6130.7060.724
ΔR20.6130.0930.018
CFI0.950.96N/A
TLI0.930.94N/A
RMSEA0.060.06N/A
SRMR0.030.04N/A

[i] Note: WI = work intensification; PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error, N/A = not available.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 4

Associations between IJPDs, Psychological Detachment, and Emotional Exhaustion (Model 2).

PredictorStep 1Step 2Step 3
b*SEb*SEb*SE
IJPDs0.32***0.020.23***0.020.23***0.02
PD–0.53***0.02–0.53***0.02
IJPDs × PD–0.04*    0.02
Gender–0.19***0.02–0.13***0.02–0.13***0.02
Age–0.08***0.02–0.07***0.02–0.07***0.02
Education0.11***0.020.01      0.020.01      0.02
Employment contract0.04      0.020.07***0.020.07***0.02
Working hours in week0.21***0.020.15***0.020.15***0.02
R20.2310.4800.482
ΔR20.2310.2490.002
CFI0.940.96N/A
TLI0.920.94N/A
RMSEA0.060.05N/A
SRMR0.040.04N/A

[i] Note: IJPDs = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error, N/A = not available.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 5

Associations between ICPDs, Psychological Detachment, and Emotional Exhaustion (Model 3).

PredictorStep 1Step 2Step 3
b*SEb*SEb*SE
ICPDs0.33***0.020.25***0.020.26***0.02
PD–0.54***0.02–0.54***0.02
ICPDs × PD–0.06**  0.02
Gender–0.17***0.02–0.12***0.02–0.12***0.02
Age–0.03      0.02–0.04*    0.02–0.04*    0.02
Education0.08***0.02–0.01      0.02–0.01      0.02
Employment contract0.06**  0.020.09***0.020.09***0.02
Working hours in week0.23***0.020.17***0.020.16***0.02
R20.2330.4890.493
ΔR20.2330.2560.004
CFI0.960.97N/A
TLI0.930.96N/A
RMSEA0.050.05N/A
SRMR0.020.02N/A

[i] Note: ICPDs = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error, N/A = not available.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 6

Associations between ILDs, Psychological Detachment, and Emotional Exhaustion (Model 4).

PredictorStep 1Step 2Step 3
b*SEb*SEb*SE
ILDs0.32***0.020.20***0.020.21***0.02
PD–0.53***0.02–0.53***0.02
ILDs × PD–0.05***0.02
Gender–0.15***0.02–0.11***0.02–0.11***0.02
Age–0.11***0.02–0.08***0.02–0.09***0.02
Education0.04*    0.02–0.03      0.02–0.02      0.02
Employment contract0.03      0.020.07***0.020.06***0.02
Working hours in week0.23***0.020.17***0.020.16***0.02
R20.2160.4610.466
ΔR20.2160.2450.005
CFI0.960.97N/A
TLI0.950.96N/A
RMSEA0.060.05N/A
SRMR0.020.03N/A

[i] Note: ILDs = intensified learning demands, PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error, N/A = not available.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 7

Psychological Detachment Moderating the Associations between Intensified Job Demands and Emotional Exhaustion among Blue-Collar Workers.

PredictorModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
b*SEb*SEb*SEb*SE
WI0.70***0.03
IJPDs0.25***0.04
ICPDs0.34***0.04
ILDs0.20***0.03
PD–0.37***0.03–0.52***0.03–0.52***0.03–0.55***0.03
Interaction term1–0.11***0.02–0.03      0.03–0.08**  0.03–0.03      0.03
Gender–0.07**  0.02–0.13***0.02–0.09***0.02–0.11***0.02
Age–0.06**  0.02–0.07**  0.03–0.02      0.03–0.07***0.03
Education–0.02      0.02–0.01      0.02–0.03      0.02–0.01      0.02
Employment contract0.04      0.030.06***0.040.08*    0.030.06      0.04
Working hours in week0.11***0.030.12***0.030.13***0.030.14***0.03
R20.6890.4240.4450.403

[i] Note: 1 between independent variables; WI = work intensification; IJPDs = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, ICPDs = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, ILDs = intensified learning demands; PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 8

Psychological Detachment Moderating the Associations between Intensified Job Demands and Emotional Exhaustion among White-Collar Workers.

PredictorModel 1Model 2Model 3Model 4
b*SEb*SEb*SEb*SE
WI0.59***0.02
IJPDs0.25***0.02
ICPDs0.25***0.03
ILDs0.22***0.03
PD–0.37***0.02–0.51***0.02–0.52***0.02–0.51***0.02
Interaction term1–0.09***0.02–0.04      0.02–0.04      0.03–0.08**  0.03
Gender–0.07***0.02–0.13***0.03–0.13***0.03–0.10***0.03
Age–0.08***0.02–0.08**  0.03–0.05*    0.03–0.09**  0.03
Education0.05*    0.030.04      0.030.02      0.03–0.01      0.03
Employment contract0.03      0.020.08**  0.020.10***0.020.06**  0.02
Working hours in week0.08***0.020.17***0.020.18***0.020.18***0.02
R20.7330.4910.4960.486

[i] Note: 1 between independent variables; WI = work intensification; IJPDs = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, ICPDs = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, ILDs = intensified learning demands; PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Table 9

The Associations between Intensified Job Demands and Emotional Exhaustion (Model 5).

PredictorOverallBlue-Collar WorkersWhite-Collar Workers
b*SEb*SEb*SE
WI0.76***0.020.75***0.020.74***0.03
IJPDs–0.09*    0.04–0.10*    0.04–0.07      0.08
ICPDs0.02      0.040.05      0.05–0.00      0.08
ILDs0.02      0.020.01      0.030.03      0.03
Gender–0.08***0.02–0.06**  0.02–0.09***0.02
Age–0.08***0.02–0.07**  0.03–0.10***0.03
Education–0.03      0.02–0.01      0.020.07*    0.03
Employment contract0.01      0.020.04      0.030.01      0.02
Working hours in week0.14***0.020.15***0.030.13***0.02
R20.6180.5900.618
CFI0.93N/AN/A
TLI0.92N/AN/A
RMSEA0.05N/AN/A
SRMR0.05N/AN/A

[i] Note: WI = work intensification; IJPDs = intensified job-related planning and decision-making demands, ICPDs = intensified career-related planning and decision-making demands, ILDs = intensified learning demands; PD = Psychological detachment; gender: 0 = women, 1 = men; education: 1 = further vocational qualification or matriculation examination certificate, 2 = specialist vocational qualification, 3 = higher vocational level qualification, 4 = polytechnic qualification or bachelor degree, 5 = university degree, 6 = university postgraduate degree; employment contract: 0 = temporary, 1 = permanent.

b* = standardized regression coefficient, SE = standard error, N/A = not available.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Figure 2

The interaction effect of psychological detachment and work intensification on employees’ emotional exhaustion.

Note. PD = psychological detachment, WI = work intensification, SD = standard deviation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.97 | Journal eISSN: 2002-2867
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Language: English
Page range: 9 - 9
Submitted on: Aug 8, 2019
Accepted on: Aug 20, 2021
Published on: Oct 14, 2021
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
intensified job demands,
emotional exhaustion,
psychological detachment,
job burnout,
work strain,
buffering hypothesis

© 2021 Jaana Minkkinen, Ulla Kinnunen, Saija Mauno, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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