Table 1
Demographics of the Young Unemployed (YU), Young Employed (YE) and Older Unemployed (OU) groups, together with the cohort from which the YU group were drawn.
| YU-Cohort | YU | YE1 | OU1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 4686 | 357 | 183 | 63 |
| Mean. Age (SD) | 29.0 | 29.0 (2.8) | 30.2 (2.6) | 52.5 (7.2) |
| Gender % Female | 54% | 73% | 68% | 56% |
| In partner relationships | 59% | 76% | 51% |
[i] 1Age and Gender data were not available for the cohorts for these group.
Table 2
Means (SDs) for characteristics of the Young Unemployed (YU), Young Employed (YE) and Older Unemployed (OU) groups.
| YU | YE | OU | YU–YE | YU–OU | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| da | da | ||||
| Well-Being (scale 2–9) | 5.67 (1.75) | 7.42 (1.26) | 5.78 (2.10) | 1.2 | |
| Work Ethic | 4.30 (0.85) | 4.04 (0.88) | 3.41 (1.11) | .3 | .9 |
| Jahoda: | |||||
| Activity | 3.13 (1.42) | 4.21 (1.02) | 3.62 (1.33) | .9 | .4 |
| Time Structure | 2.91 (0.63) | 2.77 (0.47) | 2.73 (0.55) | .3 | |
| Social Contact | 3.02 (1.19) | 3.85 (1.11) | 2.86 (1.26) | .7 | |
| Collective Purpose | 3.34 (1.55) | 3.37 (1.50) | 3.90 (1.38) | ||
| Status | 2.92 (1.44) | 2.60 (1.43) | |||
| DASS: | |||||
| Depression | 16.27 (5.44) | 28.32 (11.01) | 1.5 | ||
| Anxiety | 10.29 (4.12) | 17.95 (3.77) | 1.9 | ||
| Stress | 15.92 (5.32) | 26.41 (8.56) | 1.5 | ||
| DASS administered | 40% | 0.05% | 44% | ||
| (143/349) | (9/179) | (22/50) |
[i] aEffect Size: Cohen’s d, shown only for significant comparisons (p < .05, 2-tailed).
Table 3
Means (SDs) for unemployment characteristics for the Young Unemployed (YU), Young Employed (YE) and Older Unemployed (OU) groups.
| YU | OU | YU–OU | |
|---|---|---|---|
| da | |||
| Self-perception as not unemployed | 2.71 (1.43) | 2.87 (1.51) | |
| Self-blame for being unemployed | 2.47 (.86) | 1.80 (.73) | .8 |
| Ashamed of being unemployed | 2.84 (1.04) | 2.40 (.72) | .4 |
| Flexibility in seeking employmentb | .55 (1.76) | .42 (1.30) | |
| Well-Being for | |||
| Duration of Unemployment 0–12 months | 5.77 (1.75) | 5.80 (2.14) | |
| Duration of Unemployment 13–24 months | 5.25 (1.76) | 5.83 (2.20) | |
| da | .3 |
[i] aEffect Size: Cohen’s d, shown only for significant comparisons (p < .05, 2-tailed).
bRange = –9 (decreased flexibility) to +9 (increased flexibility).
Table 4
Regression models with Well-Being for the Young Unemployed (YU) and Older Unemployed (OU) groups.
| YU | OU | |
|---|---|---|
| Standardized Beta | Standardized Beta | |
| Self-perception as not unemployed | .20** | .26 |
| Self-blame for being unemployed | –.19** | .05 |
| Ashamed of being unemployed | –.32** | –.26 |
| Flexibility in seeking employment | –.05 | –.10 |
| Duration of Unemployment | .01 | .00 |
| Multiple R2 | .30** | .17 |
[i] *p < .05 2-tailed, **p < .01 2-tailed.
Table 5
Regression Models for Self-Perception (as not unemployed) for the Young Unemployed (YU) and Older Unemployed (OU) groups.
| YU | OU | |
|---|---|---|
| Standardized Beta | Standardized Beta | |
| Jahoda: | ||
| Activity | .27** | .37* |
| Time Structure | .00 | –.05 |
| Social Contact | .13* | –.13 |
| Collective Purpose | .02 | –.03 |
| Status | –.21** | –.25 |
| Duration of Unemployment | .01 | .07 |
| Multiple R2 | .17** | .17 |
[i] *p < .05 2-tailed, **p < .01 2-tailed.