Table 1
ADS-D domains, item themes, and sample items (Power et al. 2010).
| Domain | Items | Sample items per domain* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion | 1 | Relationships | Item 2: “People with disability (Because of my disability, I) have problems getting involved in society.” Item 5: “People with disability are (Because of my disability, I feel I am) a burden to society.” |
| 2 | Inclusion or Participation | ||
| 5 | Burden to society | ||
| 6 | Burden to family | ||
| Discrimination | 3 | Ridicule | Item 3: “People often make fun of (my) disabilities.” |
| 4 | Exploitation | ||
| 11 | Irritation | ||
| 12 | Ignorance | ||
| Gains | 7 | Emotional strength | Item 9: “Some people (I) achieve more because of their (my) disability.” |
| 8 | Maturity | ||
| 9 | Achievement | ||
| 10 | Determination | ||
| Prospects | 13 | Sexuality | Item 16: “People with a disability (Because of my disability, I) have less to look forward to than others.” |
| 14 | Underestimation | ||
| 15 | Optimism | ||
| 16 | Future prospects | ||
[i] * Note: Sample items are from the ADS-D (G); phrasing used in ADS-D (P) are in parentheses.
Table 2
Summary of respondents’ demographic characteristics.
| Demographic information | Fil-ADS(D-G) | Fil-ADS(D-P) | Combined forms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 541 (0) | 512 (0) | 1053 (0) |
| Mean | 34.48 | 43.70 | 38.96 |
| Median | 31 | 43 | 36 |
| Range (minimum–maximum) | 18–77 | 18–91 | 18–91 |
| SD | 13.75 | 15.87 | 15.51 |
| Sex (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 541 (0) | 509 (0.6) | 1050 (0.3) |
| Male | 167 (30.87) | 269 (52.85) | 436 (41.52) |
| Female | 374 (69.13) | 240 (47.15) | 614 (58.48) |
| Educational attainment (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 536 (0.9) | 508 (0.8) | 1044 (0.8) |
| None | 1 (0.19) | 3 (0.59) | 4 (0.38) |
| Special Education | 3 (0.56) | 11 (2.17) | 14 (1.34) |
| Primary school | 26 (4.85) | 117 (23.03) | 143 (13.70) |
| Secondary school | 194 (36.19) | 164 (32.28) | 358 (34.29) |
| Vocational course (e.g., TESDA) | 251 (46.83) | 126 (24.80) | 377 (36.11) |
| College/university | 39 (7.28) | 32 (6.30) | 71 (6.80) |
| Other (postgraduate) | 22 (4.10) | 55 (10.83) | 77 (7.38) |
| Perceived health status (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 538 (0.6) | 510 (0.4) | 1048 (0.5) |
| Presence of illness/health condition | 80 (14.87) | 207 (40.59) | 287 (27.39) |
| Absence of illness/health condition | 458 (85.13) | 303 (59.41) | 761 (72.61) |
| Perceived disability status (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 536 (0.9) | 512 (0) | 1048 (0.5) |
| Self-perceived as having a disability | 48 (8.96) | 273 (53.32) | 321 (30.63) |
| Self-perceived as having no disability | 488 (91.04) | 239 (46.68) | 727 (69.37) |
| Employment status (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 536 (0.9) | 510 (0.4) | 1046 (0.7) |
| Unemployed | 98 (18.28) | 207 (40.59) | 305 (29.16) |
| Employed | 438 (81.72) | 303 (59.41) | 741 (70.84) |
| Financial situation (n, %) | |||
| N (% missing values) | 534 (1.3) | 507 (1.0) | 1041 (1.1) |
| Well above average | 5 (0.94) | 12 (2.37) | 17 (1.63) |
| Slightly above average | 97 (18.16) | 59 (11.64) | 156 (14.99) |
| Average | 354 (66.29) | 298 (58.78) | 652 (62.63) |
| Slightly below average | 56 (10.49) | 96 (18.93) | 152 (14.60) |
| Well below average | 22 (4.12) | 42 (8.28) | 64 (6.15) |
Table 3
Fil-ADS(D) total and domain descriptive statistics.
| Fil-ADS(D-G) (n = 541) | Fil-ADS(D-P) (n = 512) | Combined forms (n = 1053) | t-test | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | 95%CI | Mean | SD | 95%CI | Mean | SD | 95%CI | Mean diff. | p value | |
| Total | 55.04 | 7.21 | 54.43–55.65 | 58.73 | 10.51 | 57.82–59.64 | 56.83 | 9.15 | 56.28–57.39 | –3.69 | <0.001 |
| Inclusion | 14.83 | 2.81 | 14.59–15.07 | 15.24 | 3.42 | 14.94–15.54 | 15.03 | 3.13 | 14.84–15.22 | –0.41 | 0.036 |
| Discrimination | 12.56 | 3.11 | 12.30–12.82 | 14.83 | 3.50 | 14.53–15.14 | 13.67 | 3.50 | 13.45–13.88 | –2.27 | <0.001 |
| Gains | 13.29 | 2.70 | 13.06–13.52 | 14.19 | 3.41 | 13.89–14.48 | 13.73 | 3.10 | 13.54–13.91 | –0.90 | <0.001 |
| Prospects | 14.36 | 3.29 | 14.08–14.63 | 14.47 | 3.59 | 14.16–14.78 | 14.41 | 3.44 | 14.20–14.62 | –0.11 | 0.592 |
[i] SD – standard deviation, 95%CI – 95% confidence interval, mean diff. – mean difference between general and personal form.
Table 4
Correlation of total and domain scores with socio-demographic factors using Spearman correlation coefficient.
| Fil-ADS(D-G) | Age (n = 541) | Education (n = 536) | Financial Situation (n = 534) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion | –0.004 | 0.113* | –0.028 |
| Discrimination | 0.081 | 0.072 | –0.035 |
| Gains | –0.096* | –0.060 | –0.069 |
| Prospects | –0.312* | 0.029 | –0.196* |
| Total | –0.154 | 0.065 | –0.127* |
| Fil-ADS(D-P) | Age (n = 512) | Education (n = 508) | Financial Situation (n = 507) |
| Inclusion | –0.115* | 0.116* | –0.137* |
| Discrimination | –0.041 | 0.005 | –0.132* |
| Gains | –0.119* | 0.042 | –0.069 |
| Prospects | –0.167* | 0.086 | –0.145* |
| Total | –0.147* | 0.078 | –0.169* |
[i] * p ≤ 0.05.
Table 5
Correlation of total and domain scores with socio-demographic factors using Point-biserial analysis.
| Fil-ADS(D-G) | Sex (n = 541) | Health status (n = 538) | Disability status (n = 536) | Employment status (n = 536) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inclusion | 0.038 | 0.083 | 0.105* | 0.072 |
| Discrimination | –0.048 | 0.115* | 0.074 | 0.131* |
| Gains | –0.097* | –0.036 | –0.071 | –0.088* |
| Prospects | 0.060 | 0.159* | 0.141* | 0.156* |
| Total | –0.015 | 0.141* | 0.110* | 0.123* |
| Fil-ADS(D-P) | Sex (n = 509) | Health status (n = 510) | Disability status (n = 512) | Employment status (n = 510) |
| Inclusion | –0.053 | 0.197* | 0.125* | 0.232* |
| Discrimination | –0.064 | 0.105* | 0.134* | 0.172* |
| Gains | –0.083 | 0.035 | 0.065 | 0.208* |
| Prospects | –0.062 | 0.214* | 0.106* | 0.265* |
| Total | –0.087 | 0.183* | 0.143* | 0.291* |
[i] * p ≤ 0.05.