Figure 1
Islands of intensive agriculture in Eastern Africa (as mentioned in the text; modified from Widgren 2004).
Figure 2
A. Stone lined irrigation canal, Pokot. B. Dam and intake canal, Pokot. C. Stone terracing, Pokot. D. Irrigation canal, Marakwet. E. Simple ‘trash’ terracing, Marakwet.
Figure 3
A. Irrigated fields, Usambara. B. Abandoned field system, Engaruka. C. Abandoned irrigation canal, Engaruka. D. Minor irrigation canal, Pokot. Complex irrigation systems may have developed from ‘proto-intensive’ techniques similar to this.