
Finnish University Students’ Retrospective Reflections on Transitioning from Upper Secondary Education: Traits of Career Learning
References
- Akkermans, J., Brenninkmeijer, V., Huibers, M., & Blonk, R. W. B. (2013). Competencies for the contemporary career: Development and preliminary validation of the career competencies questionnaire. Journal of Career Development, 40(3), 245–267. 10.1177/0894845312467501
- Bakke, I. B., & Hooley, T. (2022). I don’t think anyone here has thought about career really: What the concept of “career” means to Norwegian teenagers and school counsellors. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 66(1), 73–87. 10.1080/00313831.2020.1833242
- Barnes, S.-A., & Brown, A. (2016). Stories of learning and their significance to future pathways and aspirations. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 44(2), 233–242. 10.1080/03069885.2016.1145194
- Bergmo-Prvulovic, I. (2012). Subordinating careers to market forces?: A critical analysis of European career guidance policy. European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults, 3(2), 155–170. 10.3384/rela.2000-7426.rela0072
- Biesta, G., & Adair, N. (2011). Improving learning through the lifecourse: Learning lives. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203828649
- Bimrose, J., & Brown, A. (2015).
Forskning om studie-och yrkesvägledning [Research on study- and vocational guidance] . In A. Lovén (Ed.), Karriärvägledning: En forskningsöversikt [Career guidance: A research overview] (pp. 49–62). Studentlitteratur. - Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021a). Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other pattern-based qualitative analytic approaches. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 37–47. 10.1002/capr.12360
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021b). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328–352. 10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2022). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publications Ltd. 10.53841/bpsqmip.2022.1.33.46
- Davis, E. A. (2000). Scaffolding students’ knowledge integration: Prompts for reflection in KIE. International Journal of Science Education, 22(8), 819–837. 10.1080/095006900412293
- Davis, E. A. (2003). Prompting middle school science students for productive reflection: Generic and directed prompts. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(1), 91–142. 10.1207/S15327809JLS1201_4
- Del Corso, J., & Rehfuss, M. C. (2011). The role of narrative in career construction theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2), 334–339. 10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.003
- Denton, A. W. (2018). The use of a reflective learning journal in an introductory statistics course. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 17(1), 84–93. 10.1177/1475725717728676
- Dodd, V., Hanson, J., & Hooley, T. (2022). Increasing students’ career readiness through career guidance: Measuring the impact with a validated measure. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 50(2), 260–272. 10.1080/03069885.2021.1937515
- Dowling, M. (2006). Approaches to reflexivity in qualitative research. Nurse Researcher, 13(3), 7–21. 10.7748/nr2006.04.13.3.7.c5975
- Draaisma, A., Meijers, F., & Kuijpers, M. (2017). Towards a strong career learning environment: Results from a Dutch longitudinal study. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 45(2), 165–177. 10.1080/03069885.2016.1217979
- Einarsdottir, S., Thomsen, R., Hansen, J. D., Berg, E., Ruusuvirta-Uuksulainen, O., Jensen, I., & Kjærgaard, R. (2023). Career education in the Nordic countries: A comparison of national legislation and compulsory school curricula. Nordic Journal of Transitions, Careers and Guidance, 4(1), 97–112. 10.16993/njtcg.64
- ELGPN [The European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network]. (2014). Lifelong guidance policy development: Glossary. ELGPN tools no. 2. University of Jyväskylä.
https://www.elgpn.eu/publications/elgpn-tools-no2-glossary - ELGPN [The European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network]. (2015). Guidelines for policies and systems development for lifelong guidance: A reference framework for the EU and for the Commission. ELGPN Tools No. 6. University of Jyväskylä.
https://www.elgpn.eu/publications/elgpn-tools-no-6-guidelines-for-policies-and-systems-development-for-lifelong-guidance - European Commission. (2018). A renewed EU youth strategy proposed by the European Commission for 2019–2027.
https://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/eu-youth-strategy-adopted_en - European Commission, Paolini, G., Horváth, A., & Motiejūnaitė, A. (2018). Situation of young people in the European Union. Commission staff working document. European Commission.
https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/b6985c0c-743f-11e8-9483-01aa75ed71a1 - Finnish National Agency for Education. (2016). National core curriculum for basic education 2014 (3rd ed.).
- Finnish National Agency for Education. (2020). National core curriculum for general upper secondary education 2019: The national core curriculum for general upper secondary education intended for young people.
- Guichard, J. (2001). A century of career education: Review and perspectives. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1(3), 155–176. 10.1023/A:1012207018303
- Haug, E. H. (2016). Kvalitet i norske skolers karriereveiledning. I spennet mellom storsamfunnets behov og elevenes autonomi [Quality in Norwegian schools’ career guidance: In the gap between society’s needs and students’ autonomy] [Doctoral dissertation, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences].
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2444554 - Haug, E. H. (2023). Karrieerkompetenser, karrierelæring og karriereundervisning [Career competencies, career learning, and career education] (2nd ed.). Fagbokforlaget.
- Haug, E. H., Hooley, T., Kettunen, J., & Thomsen, R. (Eds.) (2020). Career and career guidance in the Nordic countries. Brill. 10.1163/9789004428096
- Heikkinen, H. L. T., Hilpelä, J., Tynjälä, P., Huttunen, R., Syrjälä, L., Pitkäniemi, H., Nuutinen, P., Puolimatka, T., & Niglas, K. (2005). Kartta kasvatustieteen maastosta [A map of the terrain of educational science]. Kasvatus, 340–354.
- Helms Jørgensen, C., Järvinen, T., & Lundahl, L. (2019). A Nordic transition regime? Policies for school-to-work transitions in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. European Educational Research Journal, 18(3), 278–297. 10.1177/1474904119830037
- Hooley, T., Hertzberg, F., Mariager-Anderson, K., Saur, H., Sundelin, Å., Varjo, J., Vilhjálmsdóttir, G. T., & Valdimarsdóttir, S. (2024). A systematic review of research into career guidance policy in the Nordic countries (2008–2022). Nordic Journal of Studies in Educational Policy, 10(2), 126–139. 10.1080/20020317.2024.2352004
- Hooley, T., Watts, A. G., Sultana, R. G., & Neary, S. (2013). The ‘blueprint’ framework for career management skills: A critical exploration. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 41(2), 117–131. 10.1080/03069885.2012.713908
- Hughes, D., Mann, A., Barnes, S.-A., Baldauf, B., & Mckeown, R. (2016). An international literature review: Careers education. Education Endowment Foundation.
- Kettunen, J. (2024). Finnish lower secondary career education through a systems lens. Nordic Journal of Transitions, Careers and Guidance, 5(1), 73–85. 10.16993/njtcg.85
- Law, B. (1999). Career-learning space: New-dots thinking for careers education. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 27(1), 35–54. 10.1080/03069889908259714
- Lengelle, R., Luken, T., & Meijers, F. (2016). Is self-reflection dangerous? Preventing rumination in career learning. Australian Journal of Career Development, 25(3), 99–109. 10.1177/1038416216670675
- Lengelle, R., Meijers, F., Poell, R., & Post, M. (2013). The effects of creative, expressive, and reflective writing on career learning: An explorative study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 419–427. 10.1016/j.jvb.2013.06.014
- Lin, L. (2023).
Herbart’s educative teaching in times of big data-based measurement and assessment . In M. Uljens (Ed.), Non-affirmative Theory of Education and Bildung (pp. 83–94). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-031-30551-1 - Lundahl, L., Lovén, A., Holm, A.-S., Lindblad, M., & Rolfsman, E. (2020). Framtiden i sikte: Skolans stöd för ungas karriärlärande [Future in sight: School support for young people’s career learning]. Studentlitteratur.
- Mackay, S., Morris, M., Hooley, T., & Neary, S. (2016). Maximising the impact of careers services on career management skills: A review of the literature. SQW and University of Derby. 10.48773/94W2X
- Mann, A., Denis, V., & Percy, C. (2020). Career ready?: How schools can better prepare young people for working life in the era of COVID-19. OECD Education Working Papers No. 241. 10.1787/e1503534-en
- Marjokorpi, A. (2022). Hyvänen aika, mistä tässä on kyse? : Diskurssianalyysi perusopetuksen oppilaanohjaajien puheesta koskien oppilaan oppimisen arviointia oppilaanohjauksessa [Goodness grace, what is this about? A discourse analysis on primary school career counselors’ talk regarding the assessment of student learning in guidance counselling] [Doctoral dissertation, University of Jyväskylä].
http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-9002-2 - Maxwell, C., Ramsayer, B., Hanlon, C., McKendrick, J., & Fleming, V. (2020). Examining researchers’ pre-understandings as a part of the reflexive journey in hermeneutic research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. 10.1177/1609406920985718
- Meijers, F., & Lengelle, R. (2012). Narratives at work: The development of career identity. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 40(2), 157–176. 10.1080/03069885.2012.665159
- Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
- Ödman, P.-J. (2007). Tolkning, förståelse, vetande: Hermeneutik i teori och praktik [Interpretation, understanding, knowing: Hermeneutics in theory and practice] (2nd ed.). Norstedts akademiska förlag.
- Olmos-Vega, F. M., Stalmeijer, R. E., Varpio, L., & Kahlke, R. (2023). A practical guide to reflexivity in qualitative research: AMEE Guide No. 149. Medical Teacher, 45(3), 241–251. 10.1080/0142159X.2022.2057287
- Opetushallitus. (2003). Grunderna för gymnasiets läroplan 2003: Grunderna för läroplanen i gymnasieutbildning för ungdomar [Core curriculum 2003 in general upper secondary education for young people]. Utbildningsstyrelsen.
- Opetushallitus. (2016). Grunderna för gymnasiets läroplan 2015: Grunderna för läroplanen för gymnasieutbildning för ungdomar: Föreskrift 60/011/2015 [Core curriculum 2015 of general upper secondary education for young people]. Utbildningsstyrelsen.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD]. (2021). Indicators of teenage career readiness: Guidance for policy makers. OECD. 10.1787/6a80e0cc-en
- Patton, W., & McMahon, M. (2021). Career development and systems theory: Connecting theory and practice (4th ed.). Brill. 10.1163/9789004466210
- Pekkari, M. (2006). Ohjauskeskustelu nuorten lukio-opintojen ja uran pohdinnan tukena [Guidance discussions to support young people’s upper secondary studies and career considerations] [Doctoral dissertation, University of Tampere].
http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:951-44-6793-0 - Poulsen, B. K. (2020). Insights and outlooks: Career learning in the final years of compulsory school. Education Inquiry, 11(4), 316–330. 10.1080/20004508.2020.1713691
- Poulsen, B. K., Thomsen, R., Buhl, R., & Andrén Hagmayer, I. (2016). Udsyn i udskolingen [Outlook in secondary education]. Danmarks Lærerforening.
- Reid, H., Bimrose, J., & Brown, A. (2016). Prompting reflection and learning in career construction counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 97, 51–59. 10.1016/j.jvb.2016.07.013
- Røise, P. (2022a). Emancipatory potential of community interaction in career education. Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling, 49(1), 50–56. 10.20856/jnicec.4908
- Røise, P. (2022b). Faget utdanningsvalg – intensjoner og operasjonalisering: En empirisk studie av dimensjoner av læreplanen i faget utdanningsvalg i ungdomsskole [The curriculum of educational choice: Intentions and operationalisation] [Doctoral dissertation, University of South-Eastern Norway].
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3019007 - Røise, P. (2022c). Students’ critical reflections on learning across contexts in career education in Norway. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance. 10.1007/s10775-022-09563-x
- Rucker, T. (2020). Teaching and the claim of Bildung: The view from general didactics. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 39(1), 51–69. 10.1007/s11217-019-09673-0
- Rucker, T. (2023).
Knowledge, values and subject-ness: Educative teaching as a regulative idea of school development in the twenty-first century . In M. Uljens (Ed.), Non-affirmative theory of education and Bildung (pp. 63–82). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-031-30551-1 - Savickas, M. L. (2012). Life design: A paradigm for career intervention in the 21st century. Journal of Counseling & Development, 90(1), 13–19. 10.1111/j.1556-6676.2012.00002.x
- Savickas, M. L. (2015).
Career counseling paradigms: Guiding, developing, and designing . In P. J. Hartung, M. L. Savickas, & W. B. Walsh (Eds.), APA Handbook of Career Intervention. Volume 1: Foundations. American Psychological Association. 10.1037/14438-008 - Savickas, M. L. (2016). Reflection and reflexivity during life-design interventions: Comments on Career Construction Counseling. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 97, 84–89. 10.1016/j.jvb.2016.09.001
- Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J.-P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., & van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 239–250. 10.1016/j.jvb.2009.04.004
- Sawad, A. E. (2005). Becoming a lifer? Unlocking career through metaphor. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(1), 23–41. 10.1348/0963117904X22917
- Skovhus, R. B. (2018). Vejledning – valg og læring: Unges deltagelse i vejledning [Career guidance – choice and learning]. Trykværket. 10.7146/nu.v25i2.141586
- Skovhus, R. B., & Thomsen, R. (2020).
From career choice to career learning . In E. H. Haug, T. Hooley, J. Kettunen, & R. Thomsen (Eds.), Career and career guidance in the Nordic countries (pp. 251–264). Brill. 10.1163/9789004428096 - Sultana, R. G. (2012). Learning career management skills in Europe: A critical review. Journal of Education and Work, 25(2), 225–248. 10.1080/13639080.2010.547846
- Sultana, R. G. (2013). Career management skills: Assessing for learning. Australian Journal of Career Development, 22(2), 82–90. 10.1177/1038416213496759
- Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282–298. 10.1016/0001-8791(80)90056-1
- Thomsen, R. (2014). A Nordic perspective on career competences and guidance—Career choices and career learning. NVL & ELGPN concept note. NVL.
- Toni, A., & Vuorinen, R. (2020).
Lifelong guidance in Finland. Key policies and practices . In E. H. Haug, T. Hooley, J. Kettunen, & R. Thomsen (Eds.), Career and career guidance in the Nordic countries (pp. 127–146). Brill. 10.1163/9789004428096_009 - Uljens, M. (2002). The idea of a universal theory of education-an impossible but necessary project? Journal of Philosophy of Education, 36(3), 353–375. 10.1111/1467-9752.00281
- Uljens, M. (2023).
Non-affirmative theory of education: Problems, positionings and possibilities . In M. Uljens (Ed.), Non-affirmative theory of education and Bildung (pp. 3–19). Springer. 10.1007/978-3-031-30551-1 - Van Manen, M. (2016). Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy (2nd ed.). Routledge. 10.4324/9781315421056
- Veine, S., Anderson, M. K., Andersen, N. H., Espenes, T. C., Søyland, T. B., Wallin, P., & Reams, J. (2020). Reflection as a core student learning activity in higher education—Insights from nearly two decades of academic development. International Journal for Academic Development, 25(2), 147–161. 10.1080/1360144X.2019.1659797
- Vuorinen, R., Kettunen, J., Ruusuvirta-Uuksulainen, O., & Kukkaneva, E. (2023). Urasuunnittelutaitoja jäsentävä selvitys ja näkökulmia jatkokehittämistä varten [A study structuring career planning skills and perspectives for further development]. Finnish Institute for Educational Research. 10.17011/ktl-rt/2
- Vuorinen, R., Nissinen, K., & Kettunen, J. (2021).
Oppilaiden urasuunnittelutaitojen osaamisessa tapahtuneet muutokset 2012–2018 [Changes in pupils’ career management skills 2012–2018] . In K. Leino, J. Rautopuro, & P. Kulju (Eds.), Lukutaito – Tie tulevaisuuteen – PISA 2018 Suomen pääraportti [Literacy – the path to the future – PISA 2018 Finland’s main report] (pp. 347–380). Kasvatusalan tutkimuksia, 82. Suomen kasvatustieteellinen seura. - Westlund, I. (2019).
Hermeneutik [Hermeneutics] . In A. Fejes & R. Thornberg (Eds.), Handbok i kvalitativ analys [Handbook in qualitative analysis] (3rd ed.). Liber AB. - Wijers, G. A., & Meijers, F. (1996). Careers guidance in the knowledge society. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 24(2), 185–198. 10.1080/03069889600760171
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/njtcg.97 | Journal eISSN: 2003-8046
Language: English
Page range: 26 - 40
Submitted on: Oct 23, 2024
Accepted on: Apr 3, 2025
Published on: Apr 11, 2025
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2025 Kicki Häggblom, Jessica Aspfors, Pia Nyman-Kurkiala, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.