Work Experience Placements in Lower Secondary Education in Nordic Countries
References
- Andreassen, I. H. (2011).
Den realiserte læreplanen: elevenes erfaringer [The realized curriculum: Students’ experiences] . In S. S. Hovdenak & B. U. Wilhelmsen (Eds.), Utdanningsvalg som skoleutvikling (pp. 55–80). Fagbokforlaget. - Andrews, D., & Hooley, T. (2018). The careers leader handbook. Crimson Publishing Ltd.
- Basic Education Act. (628/1998).
https://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1998/en19980628.pdf - Beach, D., Johansson, M., Öhrn, E., Rönnlund, M., & Rosvall, P.-Å. (2019). Rurality and education relations: Metro-centricity and local values in rural communities and rural schools. European Educational Research Journal, 18(1), 19–33. DOI: 10.1177/1474904118780420
- Bergen kommune. (n.d.). Ka vil DU bli? [What do YOU want to be?].
https://www.bergen.kommune.no/innbyggerhjelpen/skole/grunnskole/grunnskoleopplaring/ka-vil-du-bli - Bernstein, B. (2000). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Birkemo, A. (1997). Yrkesrådgivning [Vocational counselling]. Universitetsforlaget.
- Bors Borbély-Pecze, T., & Hutchinson, J. (2014). Work-based learning and lifelong guidance policies. ELGPN Concept Note No. 5. Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Buland, T., & Havn, V. (2000).
Evaluering av prosjektet ‘Bevisste utdanningsvalg’ [Evaluation of the project on ‘Conscious Educational Choice’ . Report No. 4: Focus on student]. SINTEF. - Buzzeo, J., & Cifci, M. (2017). Work experience, job shadowing and workplace visits. What works? The Careers & Enterprise Company.
- Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut. (2019). Uddannelsesvalg i 9. klasse. Unges vej mod ungdomsuddannelse [Educational choice in Year 9. Young people’s way to upper secondary education]. Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut.
https://www.eva.dk/sites/eva/files/2019-10/Uddannelsesvalg%20i%209.%20klasse_041019_Endelig.pdf - Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut. (2021). Undersøgelse af anvendelse af erhvervspraktik i folkeskolen [Work experience placements in primary and lower secondary schools]. Danmarks Evalueringsinstitut.
https://www.eva.dk/sites/eva/files/2021-05/Unders%C3%B8gelse%20af%20erhvervspraktik%20i%20folkeskolen%20%28006%29_0.pdf - Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
- Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture. (18.6.2020). Extensive programme for guidance counselling — additional resources for guidance as part of the extension of compulsory education.
https://okm.fi/en/-/extensive-programme-for-guidance-counselling-additional-resources-for-guidance-as-part-of-the-extension-of-compulsory-education - Finnish National Board of Education. (2016). National core curriculum for basic education 2014 (Publications 2016:5). Finnish National Board of Education.
- Friberg, K. (2020). Efficacy of work–life orientation: Region and parents’ education as background factors. SAGE Open, 10(4), 1–15. DOI: 10.1177/2158244020972364
- Goman, J., Rumpu, N., Kiesi, J., Hietala, R., Hilpinen, M., Kankkonen, H., Kjäldman, I.-O., Niinistö-Sivuranta, S., Nykänen, S., Pantsar, T., Piilonen, H., Raudasoja, A., Siippainen, M., Toni A., & Vuorinen, R. (2020). Vaihtoehtoja, valintoja ja uusia alkuja – Arviointi nuorten opintopoluista ja ohjauksesta perusopetuksen ja toisen asteen nivelvaiheissa [Options, choices and new beginnings – Evaluation of the study paths and counselling of young people in the transition phase between basic and upper secondary level education]. Publications 6:2020. Finnish Education Evaluation Centre.
- Goodlad, J. I. (1979). Curriculum inquiry: The study of curriculum practice. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- Grønlands hjemmestyre (2003). Hjemmestyrets bekendtgørelse nr. 16 af 24. juni 2003 om trinformål samt fagformål og læringsmål for folkeskolens fag og fagområder [The self-government’s executive order no. 16 of 24 June 2003 on subject and learning objectives for compulsory school].
http://lovgivning.gl/Lov?rid=%7b104537EF-460F-4EC6-91D1-DA1AD9E5A527%7d&sc_lang=da-DK - Hatcher, R., & Gallais. T. (2008). The work experience placements of secondary school students: Widening horizons or reproducing social inequality? Birmingham City University.
- Haug, E. H. (2017). Det er fint å være hos rådgiver, hun skjønner oss skjønner du. En empirisk studie av tema som anses som kjennetegn på kvalitet i skolens karriereveiledning [An empirical study of topics that are considered as characteristics of quality in the school’s career guidance]. Nordisk tidsskrift i veiledningspedagogikk, 2(1), 16–29. DOI: 10.15845/ntvp.v2i1.1161
- Haug, H. E., Hooley, T., Kettunen, J., & Thomsen, R. (2020).
Setting Nordic career guidance in context . In E. Haug, T. Hooley, J. Kettunen, & T. Thomsen (Eds.), Career and career guidance in the Nordic countries (pp. 1–20). Brill. DOI: 10.1163/9789004428096_001 - Helms Jørgensen, C., Järvinen, T., & Lundahl, L. (2019). A Nordic transition regime? Policies for school-to-work transitions in Sweden, Denmark and Finland. European Educational Research Journal, 18(3), 278–297. DOI: 10.1177/1474904119830037
- Hirasawa, K., & Sundelin, Å. (2003). Föreställningar om skola-arbetsliv [Perceptions of school-working life]. Lärarhögskolan.
- Holman, J. (2014). Good career guidance. Gatsby Charitable Foundation.
http://www.gatsby.org.uk/uploads/education/reports/pdf/gatsby-sir-john-holman-good-career-guidance-2014.pdf - Huddleston, P. (2000).
Work placements for young people . In H. Rainbird (Ed.), Training in the workplace (pp. 210–226). Palgrave. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-230-21276-3_11 - Huddleston, P., & Oh, S. A. (2004). The magic roundabout: Work-related learning within the 14–19 curriculum. Oxford Review of Education, 30(1), 83–103. DOI: 10.1080/0305498042000190096
- Hughes, D., Mann, A., Barnes, S.-A., Baldauf, B., & McKeown, R. (2016). Careers education: International literature review. Warwick Institute for Employment Research.
- Kankaraš, M. (2022). Workplace learning: Determinants and consequences. Insights from the 2019 European company survey. Cedefop.
- Kettunen, J. (2021). Career experts’ conceptions of innovation in career development. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 23, 465–480. DOI: 10.1007/s10775-021-09509-9
- Kettunen, J., Barnes, S-A., Bimrose, J., Brown, A., & Vuorinen, R. (2023). Career experts’ conceptions of systems development in lifelong guidance. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1007/s10775-023-09595-x
- Kettunen, J., Lee, J., & Vuorinen, R. (2020). Exploring Finnish guidance counsellors’ conceptions of career management skills. SAGE, Open, 10(4), 1–10. DOI: 10.1177/2158244020968778
- Kunnskapsdepartementet. (2006). Forskrift til opplæringslova [Regulations for the legislation on education].
https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2006-06-23-724/KAPITTEL_24#KAPITTEL_24 - Kunnskapsdepartementet. (2017). Overordnet del – verdier og prinsipper for grunnopplæringen [General part - values and principles for basic education].
https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/37f2f7e1850046a0a3f676fd45851384/overordnet-del---verdier-og-prinsipper-for-grunnopplaringen.pdf - Lgr22. (2022). Läröplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmen [Curriculum for the compulsory school, preschool class and recreation center]. Skolverket.
- Lög um grunnskóla, 91/2008 [Compulsory School Act, No. 91/2008].
- Lög um náms- og starfsráðgjafa no.35/2009 [Career Guidance Counselor Act nr. 35/2009] (2009).
https://www.althingi.is/lagas/nuna/2009035.html - Louw, A. (2020). Faglært til fremtiden: Evaluering af tidlig vejledningsindsats og revitalisering af erhvervspraktikken [Skilled for the future: Evaluation of guidance efforts and revitalization of vocational practice]. Center for ungdomsforskning.
https://www.cefu.dk/media/632795/FAGL%C3%86RT-TIL-FREMTIDEN-Evaluering-af-tidlig-vejledningsindsats-og-revitalisering-af-erhvervspraktikken-i-grundskolen-2020.pdf - Lundahl, L., Lovén, A., Holm, A.-S., Lindblad, M., & Rolfsman, E. (2020).
Elevernas erfarenhet av arbetslivet – extraknäck, feriearbete och prao [The students’ experience of working life – extra work, holiday work and prao] . In L. Lundahl, A. Lovén, A.-S. Holm, M. Lindblad, & E. Rolfsman (Eds.), Framtiden i sikte - Skolans stöd för ungas karriärlärande [The future in sight – The school’s support for young people’s career learning] (pp. 119–120). Studentlitteratur. - Malm Lindberg, H., & Herrström, S. (2016). Praon i skolan – ett outnyttjat redskap [Work expereience placements in school – an unused tool]. Raport 21. Ratio.
https://cms.ratio.se/app/uploads/2016/02/praon-i-grundskolan-ett-outnyttjat-redskap.pdf - Mann, A. (2012). Work experience: Impact and delivery – Insights from the evidence. Education and Employers Taskforce.
- Mann, A., & Dawkins, J. (2014). Employer engagement in education: Literature review. CfBT Education Trust.
https://www.educationandemployers.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/r-employer-engagement-literature-review-2014.pdf . DOI: 10.4324/9781315779966 - Mann, A., Denis, V., & Percy, C. (2020a). Career ready? How schools can better prepare young people for working life in the era of COVID-19. OECD Education Working Papers 241. OECD.
- Mann, A., Denis, V., Schleicher, A., Ekhtiari, H., Forsyth, T., Liu, E., & Chambers, N. (2020b). Dream jobs? Aspirations and the future of work. OECD.
- Mathiesen, I. H., & Gunnarsdottir, H. M. (2021). Separate counselling services in Norwegian upper secondary schools. A possibility for a collective holistic approach? International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 22, 557–576. DOI: 10.1007/s10775-021-09494-z
- Menntamálaráðuneyti [Ministry of Education]. (2007). Náms-og starfsráðgjöf. Skýrsla starfshóps [Career counseling and guidance. Work group report]. Menntamálaráðuneyti.
https://rafhladan.is/bitstream/handle/10802/147/skyrsla_nams-starfsradgjof.pdf?sequence=1 - Menntamálaráðuneyti [Ministry of Education]. (2008). Skýrsla nefndar um eflingu náms- og starfsráðgjafar í grunn- og framhaldsskólum sem úrræðis gegn brottfalli nemenda [Enhancement of educational and vocational counseling in schools at the elementary and secondary levels. A report]. Menntamálaráðuneyti.
http://www.althingi.is/altext/pdf/136/s/0353.pdf - Messer, D. (2018). Work placements at 14–15 years and employability skills. Education + Training, 60(1), 16–26. DOI: 10.1108/ET-11-2016-0163
- Millard, W., Whaw, B., Baars, S., & Menzies, L. (2019). More than a job’s worth: Making work experience fit for purpose. LKMco. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26917.93928
- Miller, A., Watts, A. W., & Jamieson, I. (1991). Rethinking work experience. The Farmer Press.
- Ministry for children, education and gender equality. (2018). Syllabus for the topic of education and work.
https://ufm.dk/uddannelse/internationalisering/internationalt-samarbejde-om-vejledning/euroguidance/informationsmateriale-om-vejledning/syllabus-for-the-topic-of-education-and-work_eng_final.pdf - Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. (2014). The Icelandic national curriculum guide for compulsory schools – with subject areas.
https://www.government.is/library/01-Ministries/Ministry-of-Education/Curriculum/adalnrsk_greinask_ens_2014.pdf - Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2017). Career development interventions in the 21st century. Pearson Education.
- Plant, P. (2003). Five swans: Educational and vocational guidance in the Nordic countries. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 3(2), 85–100. DOI: 10.1023/A:1024704022790
- Regeringen. (2018). Aftale mellem regeringen (Venstre, Liberal Alliance og Det Konservative Folkeparti), Socialdemokratiet, Dansk Folkeparti, Radikale Venstre og Socialistisk Folkeparti om styrket praksisfaglighed i folkeskolen. [Agreement on strengthening practical expertise in primary and lower secondary school].
https://www.regeringen.dk/media/5650/180612-aftale-om-styrket-praksisfaglighed-i-folkeskolen-ny.pdf - Regeringskansliet [Government Offices]. (2017). Lagrådsremiss om obligatorisk prao i högstadiet [Legislative recommendation on compulsory prao in lower secondary school].
https://www.regeringen.se/pressmeddelanden/2017/08/lagradsremiss-om-obligatorisk-prao-i-hogstadiet/ - Røise, P. (2022). Students’ critical reflections on learning across contexts in career education in Norway. International Journal of Educational and Vocational Guidance. Advance online publication. DOI: 10.1007/s10775-022-09563-x
- Røise, P., & Bjerkholt, E. (2020). Frigjørende deltakelse i en forskningssirkel om faget Utdanningsvalg [Emancipatory participation in a research circle on subject educationalchoice]. Forskning og Forandring, 3(1), 47–69. DOI: 10.23865/fof.v3.2160
- Rosvall, P.-Å. (2020). Counselling to stay or to leave? – Comparing career counselling of young people in rural and urban areas. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 50(7), 1014–1032. DOI: 10.1080/03057925.2020.1760788
- SFS. 2018:105. Lag om ändring i skollagen (2010:800) [Act amending the Education Act (2010:800)].
https://www.lagboken.se/Lagboken/start/skoljuridik/skollag-2010800/d_3185094-sfs-2018_105-lag-om-andring-i-skollagen-2010_800 - Shilling, C. (1987). Work-experience as a contradictory practice. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 8(4), 407–423. DOI: 10.1080/0142569870080404
- Skolverket. (2008).
Kvalitet i studie- och yrkesvägledning - hela skolans ansvar [Quality in career guidance and counselling - the responsibility of the whole school] . Skolverket. - Skolverket. (2013). Skolverkets Allmänna råd med kommentarer. Arbete med studie- och yrkesvägledning [Swedish National Agency for Education advice, including commentary. Work with career guidance and counselling]. Skolverket.
- Skolverket. (2022) Prao.
https://www.skolverket.se/regler-och-ansvar/ansvar-i-skolfragor/prao - Sweet, R., Nissinen, K., & Vuorinen, R. (2014). An analysis of the career development items in PISA 2012 and of their relationship to the characteristics of countries, shools, students and families. ELGPN Research Paper, No. 1. University of Jyväskylä.
http://www.elgpn.eu/publications/browse-by-language/english/elgpn-research-paper-no.-1-pisa/ - TAT & T-Media. (2020). TET-tutkimus 2020 [WEP study 2020].
https://tat.fi/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/TET-2020_laaja-raportti.pdf - Uddannelses- og forskningsministeriet. (2022). En ambitiøs læreruddannelse tæt på folkeskolen og til gavn for folkeskolen [An ambitious teacher education for primary and lower secondary school]. Uddannelses- og forskningsministeriet.
- Undervisningsministeriet. (2018). Læreplan for emnet uddannelse og job [Curriculum for the topic education and job]. Undervisningsminiteriet.
https://emu.dk/sites/default/files/2020-09/GSK_L%C3%A6seplan_Uddannelse%20og%20job.pdf - Undervisningsministeriet. (2022). Bekendtgørelse af lov om kommunal indsats for unge under 25 år [Executive Order on municipal initiatives for young people under the age of 25]. LBK nr 1393 af 05/10/2022. Undervisningsministeriet.
- Undervisningsministeriet. (2023). Bekendtgørelse af lov om folkeskolen (Folkeskoleloven) [Executive Order of the primary and lower secondary school]. Undervisningsministeriet.
https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/1086 - Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2008). Læreplan for utdanningsvalg på ungdomstrinnet [Curriculum for educational choice in lower secondary school].
https://www.udir.no/kl06/UTV1-01/ - Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2015). Læreplan for utdanningsvalg på ungdomstrinnet [Curriculum for educational choice in lower secondary school].
https://www.udir.no/kl06/UTV1-02/Hele/Formaal - Utdanningsdirektoratet. (2020). Læreplan for utdanningsvalg på ungdomstrinnet [Curriculum for educational choice in lower secondary school].
https://www.udir.no/lk20/utv01-03 - Vilhjálmsdóttir, G. (2010). Occupational thinking and its relation to school dropout. Journal of Career Development, 37(4), 677–691. DOI: 10.1177/0894845309357052
- Vilhjálmsdóttir, G. (2016). “Ég kom gjörsamlega að auðu borði.” Saga náms- og starfsráðgjafar á Íslandi frá árdögum til aldamóta [“I had to start from nothing.” The history of school and career guidance and counseling in Iceland from 1950–2000]. Tímarit um uppeldi og menntun, 25(1), 109–127.
- Vilhjálmsdóttir, G. (2020). The making of a profession: The development of the careers profession in Iceland. In E. Haug, T. Hooley, J. Kettunen, & T. Thomsen (Eds.), Career and career guidance in the Nordic countries (pp. 147–162). Brill. DOI: 10.1163/9789004428096_010
- Vuorinen, R., Nissinen, K., & Kettunen, J. (2021).
Oppilaiden urasuunnittelutaitojen osaamisessa tapahtuneet muutokset 2012–2018 [Changes in students’ career management skills 2012–2018] . In K. Leino, J. Rautopuro, & P. Kulju (Eds.), Lukutaito – tie tulevaisuuteen. PISA 2018 Suomen pääraportti (pp. 347–380). Suomen kasvatustieteellinen seura. - Watts, A. G. (1983). Work experience and schools. Heinemann.
- Watts, A. G. (1991).
The concept of work experience . In A. Miller, A.W. Watts, & I. Jamieson (Eds.), Rethinking work experience (pp. 16–38). The Farmer Press. - Watts, A. G. (1996).
Experience-based learning about the work . In A. G. Watts, B. Law, J. Killeen, J. M. Kidd, & R. Hawthorn (Red.), Rethinking careers education and guidance. Theory, policy and practice (pp. 233–246). Routledge. - WGCG [Inter-Agency Working Group on Career Guidance]. (2021). Investing in career guidance: revised edition 2021.
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/2230_en.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16993/njtcg.60 | Journal eISSN: 2003-8046
Language: English
Page range: 29 - 42
Submitted on: Dec 28, 2022
Accepted on: Sep 1, 2023
Published on: Oct 12, 2023
Published by: Stockholm University Press
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2023 Jaana Kettunen, Randi Skovhus, Petra Røise, Per-Åke Rosvall, Arnheiður Einarsdóttir, Mahtab Eshaghbeigi-Hosseini, published by Stockholm University Press
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.