Map 1:
Major locations of Nordic migration in Brazil.
Source: Map elaborated by the author.
Table 1
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914, by nationality.
| Nationality | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Swedes | 2,984 | 82 |
| Finns | 390 | 11 |
| Danes* | 196 | 5 |
| Norwegians | 70 | 2 |
| Total | 3,640 | 100 |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
* A single immigrant registered as an Icelander has been included in the Danish group.
Figure 1
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914 per decade, by nationality.
Source: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 2
Figures for total Swedish emigration to Brazil 1885–1891.
| Year | Paulin 1951 | Stenbeck 1973 | Friborg 1988 | Arquivo Nacional |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1885 | – | 33 | 8 | 18 |
| 1886 | – | 102 | 81 | 52 |
| 1887 | – | 60 | 54 | 12 |
| 1888 | – | 54 | 42 | 9 |
| 1889 | – | 59 | 59 | 86 |
| 1890 | 217 | 32 | 39 | 372 |
| 1891 | 891* | 2,022 | 1,805** | 1,012** |
| Total 1890–1891 | 1,108 | 2,054 | 1,844 | 1,384 |
| Total 1885–1891 | – | 2,362 | 2,088 | 1,561 |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Paulin 1951, Stenbeck 1973, Friborg 1988 and Arquivo National, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
* January-June.
** January-September.
Table 3
Figures for total Swedish emigration to Brazil 1909–1914.
| Arquivo Nacional | Sveriges officiella statistik 1917, 1929* | |
|---|---|---|
| 1909 | 7 | 19 (+12) |
| 1910 | 88 | 275 (+187) |
| 1911 | 1,072 | 350 (–722) |
| 1912 | 23 | 15 (–8) |
| 1913 | 2 | 8 (+6) |
| 1914 | 4 | 9 (+5) |
| Total | 1,108 | 676 (–520) |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107 and Sveriges officiella statistik 1917 and 1929.
* Difference in relation to Arquivo Nacional in brackets.
Figure 2
Age distribution of Nordic emigrants to Brazil 1880–1914.
Source: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Figure 3
Civil status of Nordic emigrants to Brazil 1880–1914, percentage of national aggregates.
Source: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Figure 4
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; occupation.
Source: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 4
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; occupation, singles. Percentage of national totals in brackets.
| Nationality | Farmer (agricultor etc.) | Agricultural labourer (jornaleiro etc.) | other | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedes | 287 (72) | 51 (13) | 44 (11) | 14 (4) |
| Finns | 18 (82) | 4 (18) | – | – |
| Danes | 46 (56) | 7 (8) | 22 (26) | 8 (10) |
| Norwegians | 7 (39) | 6 (33) | 5 (28) | – |
| Total | 358 (69) | 68 (13) | 71 (14) | 22 (4) |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 5
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; profession, families. Percentage of national totals in brackets.
| Nationality | Farmer (agricultor etc.) | Agricultural labourer (jornaleiro etc.) | other | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedes | 503 (97) | 13 (2.5) | 2 (0.5) | – |
| Finns | 77 (96) | 3 (4) | – | – |
| Danes | 19 (73) | 3 (4) | 4 (15) | – |
| Norwegians | 10 (77) | 1 (8) | – | 2 (15) |
| Total | 609 (96) | 20 (3) | 6 (1) | 2 (<1) |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 6
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; destination, singles. Percentage of totals in brackets.
| Nationality | the South | São Paulo | Other | Unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedes | 182 (46) | 149 (38) | 31 (8) | 34 (8) |
| Finns | 15 (68) | – | 3 (18) | 4 (18) |
| Danes | 13 (16) | 27 (34) | 13 (16) | 30 (38) |
| Norwegians | 6 (33) | 3 (17) | 2 (11) | 7 (39) |
| Total | 216 (42) | 179 (34) | 49 (9) | 75 (14) |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 7
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; destination, families. Percentage of national totals in brackets.
| Nationality | the South | São Paulo | Other | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swedes | 368 (71) | 135 (26) | 12 (2) | 3 |
| Finns | 75 (95) | 1 (8) | – | 3 |
| Danes | 8 (31) | 11 (42) | 1 | 6 |
| Norwegians | 11 (84) | 1 (8) | – | 1 |
| Total | 462 (72) | 148 (23) | 13 (2) | 13 (2) |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.
Table 8
Nordic emigration to Brazil 1880–1914; destination, families by occupation.
| Destination | agricultor | jornaleiro | other | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| the South | 446 | 15 | – | 1 |
| São Paulo | 143 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| other | 13 | – | – | – |
| unknown | 6 | 4 | 3 | – |
| Total | 608 | 20 | 6 | 2 |
[i] Notes: Elaborated by the author based on Arquivo Nacional, Livros de registro de entrada de estrangeiros, vols 1–107.