The Multimodal Meaning-Making Process in Educational Design Team Meetings

Mode	Definition	Transcription conventions used
Talk	This includes statements uttered by the participants in the interaction.	[ = (.) (1.5) … :	point of speech overlap onset a latched utterance short pause timed pause utterance trailing off elongation of the preceding sound
Gesture	This describes how the participants moved their hands to point to and/or interact with the drawings/or in relation to the drawings and other resources.	{ }	point of gesture onset point of gesture termination
Gaze	This is referred to observable gaze. Fleeting gazes might not be transcribable due to their brevity.	^text^	These symbols are used to enclose parts of the utterance when the participant looks at something while speaking. Not all instances were marked in the text.
Posture	This mode illustrates how people positioned their bodies in relation to each other, the drawings, and the resources in the environment, in ways that had a communicative meaning.		Posture and use of resources are described in the column next to the utterances. They are not signalled in the utterance transcription.

The first three slides projected on the wall.

Further inscriptions created over the PowerPoint slides.

Inscriptions without the background PowerPoint slides.

Table 2

The first enactment of globe gesture by Jarrod before the team separated into groups.

Line	Time	Participant	Talk	Non-verbal interaction
179	1:02:34	Kassidy	I’d love to see them (.) and I don’t know how we’ve done it, but it’s been a bit boring in the past and taking away from the bear, but give them the opportunity in the past to add to their footprint. You obviously can’t ask them 50 questions (.) but you can ask them questions as they go you know (.) keep them engaged with that whole thing along the way.
180	1:02:52	Jarrod	But how do you feel about the fun angle as well? 1. You know, the bear having to do some of the things in in (.) we’re already {into stat document} getting into non-bear behavior. 2. Ahh I just thought that was a way to reinforce that or to make (1.5) make it a bit more fun, {just totally} 3. {internally within the world} with a view that you’re setting up these concepts	Pointing gesture 1: with his right hand pointing quickly towards the writable wall where the PowerPoint slides were projected. Globe gesture 2: holding hands to make a ball shape with the left hand on top (Figure 5A). Globe gesture 3: flips the previous gesture – holding hands to make a ball shape with the right hand on top now (Figure 5B).

Jarrod enacting the globe gesture for the first time.

Table 3

First enactment of the globe gesture in Group 2 during the creation of the globe inscription.

Line	Time	Participant	Talk	Non-verbal interaction
47	1:57:28	Gino	4. Look does it have to be {the globe} 5. do you think for {home screen}	Posture: standing to the left of the projected screen, turns around to face the group Gaze: looks at Jarrod Globe gesture 4: holds both hands to make a ball shape (Figure 6). Pointing gesture 5: pointing at the diagram projected on the wall.
48	1:57:31	Jarrod	Yeah, it could be. That was the original idea but look it doesn’t have to be	Posture: sitting, facing the wall. Gaze: the diagram on the wall.
49	1:57:42	Gino	6. Maybe that is the {load screen} or something?	Gaze: looks at the diagram, then at Jarrod Gesture 6: makes a rolling motion with both hands (for loading screen).
50	1:57:50	Jarrod	Yeah::: sure say it is for now	Gaze: looks back at the other groups in the studio, then looks at the wall.

First enactment of the globe gesture in Group 2 by Gino.

Table 4

Shima’s three enactments of the globe gesture.

Line	Time	Participant	Talk	Non-verbal interaction
101	2:06:18	Jarrod	Sorry Shima, you were saying?	Gaze: slightly turning towards Shima.
102	2:06:20	Shima	7. I was saying {do the mini games} 8. have their own {environments} as well?	Gaze: looking at the diagram on the wall, then briefly looking at Galileo and then Jarrod. Pointing gesture 7: pointing at the diagram with index finger extended. Globe gesture 8: briefly holding both hands in front of her with palms facing each other (Figure 7A).
103	2:06:25	Gino	[Yeah (.) the mini games…	Gaze: looks at Shima, then looks at Bart.
104	2:06:25	Bart	[they’re not incorporated into the 3D world	Gaze: looking at Shima and then Jarrod.
105	2:06:30	Shima	9. If we can access Player Home {through the 3D world} 10. then we can access {those environments} separately	Gaze: looking at the wall and then Bart. Globe gesture 9: holds both hands to make a ball shape (Figure 7B). Pointing gesture 10: swiping her left hand from left to right with the index finger extended towards the diagram.
106	2:06:40	Bart	It’s whatever you guys want (laughs)	Gaze: Jarrod, then Shima and Gino
107	2:06:44	Shima	11. Will {they be very different?} 12. Like the mini game environments. Will they be very different to what’s on {the globe}	Gaze: looking at Jarrod, then briefly Bart and back at Jarrod. Pointing gesture 11: pointing at the diagram with left hand then towards the end rolling finger in a circular motion. Globe gesture 12: holds both hands to make a ball shape (Figure 7C).
108	2:06:50	Jarrod	I don’t know and I think it’s kind of up to us to decide	Gaze: looking at the diagram.

The three enactments of the globe gesture by Shima.

Table 5

Last enactment of the globe gesture by Gino in Group 2.

Line	Time	Participant	Talk	Non-verbal interaction
133	2:12:42	Gino	13. If we have a game that’s turning off lights in an unrelated house, we now have to design an unrelated house. If we have a pinball machine xyz, then we have to design all those things. So {keeping it within the world} 14. like {in the habitat} (.) 15. {the Glacier environment} (.) then that’s great because it simplifies it in terms of design tasks for us	Gaze: looking at Jarrod and very briefly at others in the group. Pointing gesture 13: pointing with right hand holding marker pen towards the diagram without looking at it. Pointing gesture 14: the left hand joining the right hand, holding open hands towards the diagram. Globe gesture 15: curves both hands slightly to make a ball shape (Figure 8).