References
- 1Leo Appleton, “Assuring quality using ‘moments of truth’ in super-converged services,” Library Management 33, no. 6–7 (2012): 414–20, DOI: 10.1108/01435121211266230 (accessed 26 November 2019); Lorcan Dempsey, “Intra-institutional Boundaries: New Contexts of Collaboration on Campus,” in New Roles for the Road Ahead: Essays Commissioned for ACRL’s 75th Anniversary, ed. Steven Bell, Lorcan Dempsey, and Barbara Fister (Chicago, IL: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2015), 80–82, http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/publications/whitepapers/new_roles_75th.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019); Stephen Pinfield, Andrew M. Cox, and Sophie Rutter, Mapping the Future of Academic Libraries: A Report for SCONUL (London: SCONUL, November 2017), 19–20, https://sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/SCONUL%20Report%20Mapping%20the%20Future%20of%20Academic%20Libraries.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 2Lynn Silipigni Connaway, William Harvey, Vanessa Kitzie, and Stephanie Mikitish. Academic Library Impact: Improving Practice and Essential Areas to Research (Chicago, IL: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2017), http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/publications/whitepapers/academiclib.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019); John Cox, “Positioning the Academic Library within the Institution: A Literature Review,” New Review of Academic Librarianship 24, no. 3–4 (2018): 217–41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13614533.2018.1466342 (accessed 26 November 2019); Carly Lightfoot and Kevin Sanders, “Libraries and research support in small and teaching-led universities: Contextual problems around nascent services in dynamic times,” SCONUL Focus 70 (2017), https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/68.Libraries%20and%20research%20support.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 3Pinfield, Cox, and Rutter, Mapping the Future, 18–19; Torsten Reimer, “The once and future library: the role of the (national) library in supporting research,” Insights 31 (2018): 19, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.409 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 4Alejandro Posada and George Chen, “Inequality in Knowledge Production: The Integration of Academic Infrastructure by Big Publishers,” in 22nd International Conference on Electronic Publishing (Toronto:
OpenEdition Press , 2018), DOI: 10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2018.30 (accessed 26 November 2019). - 5National research assessments were conducted in the UK in 1986 and 1989 under the auspices of the University Grants Committee and Universities Funding Council, respectively. The assessment process was subsequently rebranded as the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and run on behalf of the four UK higher education funding councils in 1992, 1996, 2001 and 2008. The Research Excellence Framework (REF) replaced it and has been run once in 2014, with the next REF to be held in 2021. See Paul Jump, “Evolution of the REF,” Times Higher Education, October 17, 2013, https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/evolution-of-the-ref/2008100.article (accessed 28 November 2019).
- 6The REF open access policy came into force on April 1, 2016. REF 2021, Guidance on Submissions (Bristol: REF, 2019), https://www.ref.ac.uk/media/1092/ref-2019_01-guidance-on-submissions.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 7Submissions are made by UK higher education institutions in late 2020, while the assessment process is undertaken in 2021. REF 2021, Panel Criteria and Working Methods (Bristol: REF, 2019), https://www.ref.ac.uk/media/1084/ref-2019_02-panel-criteria-and-working-methods.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 8The sub-panels for REF 2021 are slightly different to those in REF 2014. See REF, Panel Criteria, 9–29.
- 9Kushwanth Koya and Gobinda Chowdhury, “Metric-based vs peer-reviewed evaluation of a research output: Lesson learnt from UK’s national research assessment exercise,” PLOS ONE 12, no. 7 (2017):
e0179722 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179722 (accessed 26 November 2019). - 10REF 2021, Panel Criteria, 50–51.
- 11REF 2021, Guidance on Submissions, 68–76.
- 12REF 2021, Guidance on Submissions, 81.
- 13For a recent review of the relationship between citation-based metrics and peer review see Vincent A. Traag and Ludo Waltman, “Systematic Analysis of Agreement between Metrics and Peer Review in the UK REF,” Palgrave Communications 5, no. 1 (2019): 29, DOI: 10.1057/s41599-019-0233-x (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 14REF 2014 only required unit-level environment statements to be submitted, whereas REF 2021 requires unit-level environment statements as well as institutional-level environment statements to be submitted. The latter will not be scored but will be used to help inform the assessment of unit-level environment statements; REF 2021, Guidance on Submissions, 80–83. For complete data on REF 2014 see “Results and Submissions,” REF 2014, https://www.ref.ac.uk/2014 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 15It is recognized that a focus on the words ‘library’ and ‘librarian’ may disregard librarians’ unacknowledged contributions to staff training and development programmes organized by other professional service departments but it was not within the scope of this study to undertake a detailed investigated of the research support set-up in every UK higher education institution.
- 16Examples include: “Physical library access for students and staff is 24/7 365 days a year”; “The University provides truly world-class library facilities”; “We benefit from the extensive collections of the University’s libraries, with a dedicated funding stream”; and, “Researchers and PhD students are also supported by an extensive library with well-resourced online journal access to Web of Knowledge through Primo”.
- 17Examples include: “There is also a specialized Research Support Services team which co-ordinates and develops tailored services for researchers … the UOA is supported by a dedicated, professionally qualified Academic Support Librarian who provides advice and support on information sources, scholarly communication issues, including intellectual property rights and compliance with open access mandate requirements, reference management tools, and the measurement of research impact through citation analysis and application of bibliometric techniques … Training is provided through a six-week information and research skills course specifically for PhD students. This covers literature searching, using the internet, finding specialist research materials, data, reference management, sharing research and building network s … In addition, Academic Support Librarians offer one-to-one consultations to all research students in the departments they support”; and, “… In the REF period Research and Innovation Services with the Library & Student Support services commenced a programme of Research Café events (held on average four times each semester), to encourage interdisciplinarity and networking, and to increase the visibility of research among student populations. They achieve this through the delivery of high impact, speed presentations by staff and students in an informal and student-centred setting”.
- 18Maxine Melling and Margaret Weaver, “The Teaching Excellence Framework: what does it mean for academic libraries?” Insights 30, no. 3 (2017): 152–60, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.389 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 19Eloise Carpenter, “Evaluation and mapping: a responsive approach to collection management,” Taking Stock 28, no. 1 (2019): 17–19, https://nag.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/28-1-taking-stock-1.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 20Simon Bowie, “Crowdsourced Cataloguing App,” SOAS Library, https://github.com/soas-library/crowdsourced_cataloguing_app (accessed 22 October 2019).
- 21Elizabeth Charles, “Decolonizing the curriculum,” Insights 32, no. 1 (2019): 24, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.475 (accessed 26 November 2019); Jess Crilly, “Decolonising the library: a theoretical exploration,” Spark: UAL Creative Teaching and Learning Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 10, https://sparkjournal.arts.ac.uk/index.php/spark/article/view/123 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 22Eleanor I. Cook and Joe McArthur, “What is Open Access Button? An Interview with Joe McArthur,” The Serials Librarian 73, no. 3–4 (2017): 208–10, DOI: 10.1080/0361526X.2017.1391152 (accessed 26 November 2019); Chealsye Bowley, “Bringing Open Access into Interlibrary Loan with the Open Access Button,” in Applying Library Values to Emerging Technology: Decision-Making in the Age of Open Access, Maker Spaces, and the Ever-Changing Library, ed. Peter D. Fernandez and Kelly Tilton (Chicago, IL: Association of College & Research Libraries, 2018), 89–104, http://www.ala.org/acrl/sites/ala.org.acrl/files/content/publications/booksanddigitalresources/digital/9780838989401.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 23Helen Williams, “Developing academic writing support for postgraduate researchers at the University of Wolverhampton,” SCONUL Focus 69 (2017), https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/23.%20DEVELOPING%20ACADEMIC%20WRITING_0.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019); Katherine Stephan, “Research cafés: how libraries can build communities through research and engagement,” Insights 31 (2018): 36, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.436 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 24“Systematic Review Search Request,” University of Cambridge Medical Library, accessed October 20, 2019, https://library.medschl.cam.ac.uk/research-support/systematic-review-search-request (accessed 26 November 2019); Russell Burke, “Peer-review of systematic review search strategies: a new service from your Library and Archives Service,” Library & Archives Service Blog (blog), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, March 25, 2019, http://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/library/2019/03/25/peer-review-of-systematic-review-search-strategies (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 25Gareth John Cole, “Establishing a Research Data Management Service at Loughborough University,” International Journal of Digital Curation 11, no. 1 (2016): 68–75, DOI: 10.2218/ijdc.v11i1.407 (accessed 26 November 2019); Robin Rice and David Fergusson, “Research Data Management at the University of Edinburgh: How Is It Done, What Does It Cost?” in LEARN Toolkit of Best Practice for Research Data Management (Leaders Activating Research Networks, 2017), 91–94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14324/000.learn.18 (accessed 28 November 2019); Andrew M. Cox et al., “Progress in Research Data Services: An international survey of university libraries,” International Journal of Digital Curation 14, no. 1 (2019): 126–35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v14i1.595 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 26REF 2021, Panel Criteria, 62.
- 27George Macgregor, “Improving the discoverability and web impact of open repositories: techniques and evaluation,” Code4Lib Journal 43 (2019), https://journal.code4lib.org/articles/14180 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 28Dominic Walker,
“Open by Default: Electronic Theses at LSHTM,” in Copyright for Repository Administrators: Open Access, Theses and GDPR, March 14, 2019, London, UK, https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4653456; “Assigning DOIs to theses: London School of Economics,” British Library, last modified July 25, 2018, https://www.bl.uk/case-studies/london-school-of-economics (accessed 26 November 2019). - 29Stephanie Meece, Amy Robinson, and Marie-Therese Gramstadt, “Engaging Researchers with the World’s First Scholarly Arts Repositories: Ten Years After the UK’s Kultur Project,” New Review of Academic Librarianship 23, no. 2–3 (2017): 209–32, DOI: 10.1080/13614533.2017.1320767 (accessed 28 November 2019).
- 30Chris Banks, “Focusing upstream: supporting scholarly communication by academics,” Insights 29, no. 1 (2017): 37–44, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.292 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 31Elizabeth Gadd,
“Responsible metrics: the state of the art,” FORCE 2019, October 16–17, 2019, Edinburgh, UK, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3507812 (accessed 26 November 2019). - 32Elizabeth Gadd, “Influencing the changing world of research evaluation,” Insights 32 (2019): 6, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.456 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 33Vicky Wallace, “From generic to bespoke: Enhancing researcher engagement with library research,” SCONUL Focus 69 (2017): 3, https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/8.%20FROM%20GENERIC%20TO%20BESPOKE.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019); Steve Carlton, “Open Access+: Broadening research audiences,” 6:am Altmetrics Conference, October 9–10, 2019, University of Stirling, UK, http://bit.ly/6amoaplus (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 34Natalia Madjarevic, “A Practical Guide to Altmetrics for Scholarly Communication Librarians,” Altmetric Blog (blog), Digital Science, August 9, 2016, https://www.altmetric.com/blog/altmetrics-for-scholarly-communication-librarians (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 35REF 2021, Panel Criteria, 61.
- 36Stephen Curry, “How a working group began the process of DORA implementation at Imperial College London,” Blog (blog), DORA – San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, October 10, 2019. DOI: https://sfdora.org/2019/10/10/how-a-working-group-began-the-process-of-dora-implementation-at-imperial-college-london (accessed 26 November 2019); Gadd, “Responsible Metrics,” 6.
- 37Charles, “Decolonizing,” 24.
- 38Samuel Moore et al., “‘Excellence R Us’: university research and the fetishisation of excellence,” Palgrave Communications 3, no. 1 (2017): 16105, DOI: 10.1057/palcomms.2016.105 (accessed 26 November 2019); Gadd, “Responsible Metrics,” 6.
- 39It should be recognized that a focus on mandates and policies may inadvertently pitch the priorities of librarians against those of researchers, thus it is necessary to take a critical approach to obtaining influence in the university in this way. See Moore et al., “Excellence R Us”; Simon Bowie and Kevin Sanders, “Open or Ajar?: ‘Openness’ within the Neoliberal Academy,” in Open Repositories 2019, June 10–13, 2019, Universität Hamburg, Germany, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/31178; Hannah DeGroff, “Preparing for the Research Excellence Framework: Examples of Open Access Good Practice across the United Kingdom,” The Serials Librarian 71, no. 2 (2016): 96–111, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0361526X.2016.1196634 (accessed 26 November 2019); Christine Antiope Daoutis and Maria De Montserrat Rodriguez-Marquez, “Library-Mediated Deposit: A Gift to Researchers or a Curse on Open Access? Reflections from the Case of Surrey,” Publications 6, no. 2 (2018): 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/publications6020020 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 40Macgregor, “Improving the Discoverability”.
- 41The UKRI OA review, due to be completed in 2020, will feed into decisions for the REF OA policy after 2021. In the meantime, the current REF OA policy will continue into the next REF period.
- 42Katrine Sundsbø, “Open Access Escape Room: the key to OA engagement?” Insights 32 (2019): 8, DOI: 10.1629/uksg.459 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 43Zoë Walker-Fagg,
“Where are we now? Cambridge theses deposits one year in,” Unlocking Research (blog), University of Cambridge, October 25, 2018, https://unlockingresearch-blog.lib.cam.ac.uk/?p=2233 (accessed 26 November 2019); Camilla Griffiths and Nancy Graham, “PhD theses: drawing attention to the often overlooked articles in open access repositories,” LSE Impact Blog (blog), The London School of Economics and Political Science, October 27, 2018,https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2018/10/27/phd-theses-drawing-attention-to-the-often-overlooked-articles-in-open-access-repositories (accessed 26 November 2019); Walker, “Open by Default”. - 44Jane Secker and Chris Morrison,
“Copyright Literacy in the UK: Understanding Library and Information Professionals’ Experiences of Copyright,” in The Routledge Companion to Media Education, Copyright, and Fair Use, ed. Renee Hobbs (New York, NY: Taylor & Francis, 2018), 95–108. DOI: 10.4324/9781315637549-7 - 45Ruth Wainman,
“An Introduction to Text and Data Mining (TDM),” Research Data Management Blog (blog), UCL Library Services, January 14, 2019, https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/rdm/2019/01/an-introduction-to-text-and-data-mining-tdm (accessed 26 November 2019). - 46Gareth Knight, “Building a research data management service for the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine,” Program 49, no. 4 (2015): 424–39, DOI: 10.1108/PROG-01-2015-0011 (accessed 26 November 2019); Rice and Fergusson, “University of Edinburgh”.
- 47Andrew Lockett and Lara Speicher, “New university presses in the UK: Accessing a mission,” Learned Publishing 29, no. S1 (2016): 320–29, DOI: 10.1002/leap.1049 (accessed 26 November 2019); Janneke Adema and Graham Stone, “The surge in New University Presses and Academic-Led Publishing: an overview of a changing publishing ecology in the UK,” LIBER Quarterly 27, no. 1 (2017): 97–126, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10210 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 48See Pinfield, Cox, and Rutter, Mapping the Future, 35–37.
- 49See Emily Drabinski, “Flipping to open access for survival: A librarian’s critical role in transforming a journal,” College & Research Libraries News 77, no. 10 (2016): 488–91, DOI: 10.5860/crln.77.10.9568 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 50Christina Kamposiori, The role of Research Libraries in the creation, archiving, curation, and preservation of tools for the Digital Humanities (London: Research Libraries UK, 2017), https://www.rluk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Digital-Humanities-report-Jul-17.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 51REF 2021, Panel Criteria, 62.
- 52See Cox, “Positioning the Academic Library”; Pinfield, Cox, and Rutter, Mapping the Future.
- 53Cox, “Positioning the Academic Library”.
- 54See Antony Brewerton, “‘… and any other duties deemed necessary:’ an analysis of subject librarian job descriptions,” SCONUL Focus 51 (2011): 9, https://www.sconul.ac.uk/sites/default/files/documents/18_2.pdf (accessed 26 November 2019); Charles Inskip, “Novice to Expert: Developing Digitally Capable Librarians,” in Developing Digital Scholarship: Emerging Practices in Academic Libraries, ed. Alison Mackenzie and Lindsey Martin (London: Facet, 2016), 61–79; Helen Clare, “Developing a skilled workforce to support scholarly communication – event report and next steps,” Jisc Scholarly Communications (blog), Jisc, April 2, 2019, https://scholarlycommunications.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2019/04/02/developing-a-skilled-workforce-to-support-scholarly-communication-event-report-and-next-steps (accessed 26 November 2019); Andrew Cox, Elizabeth Gadd, Sabrina Petersohn, and Laura Sbaffi, “Competencies for bibliometrics,” Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 3 (2019): 746–62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0961000617728111 (accessed 26 November 2019).
- 55Knight, “Building a Research Data Management Service”; Lightfoot and Sanders, “Libraries and Research Support”.