Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Comorbibities, Opportunistic Infections, and Helminth Infections Among HIV-positive Patients at a Small Hospital in Delhi, India Cover

Comorbibities, Opportunistic Infections, and Helminth Infections Among HIV-positive Patients at a Small Hospital in Delhi, India

Open Access
|Mar 2025

References

  1. Steinbrook R. Tuberculosis and HIV in India. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:12. http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp078049
  2. Ray I, Hasan MM, Shah PA, Sahito AM, Sarkar A, Ghosh D, et al. HIV epidemic amidst COVID-19 pandemic in India: a conundrum for the country’s healthcare system. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;150:e112. http://doi.org/10.1017/S095026882200098X
  3. Kumar P, Das C, Kuma A, Sahu D, Rai SK, Godbole S, et al. Diversity in HIV epidemic transitions in India: an application of HIV epidemiological metrices and benchmarks [Internet]. PLoS ONE 2022;17(7):e0270886. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270886
  4. Vashisht S, Jha S, Thakur N, Khaltan A, Rai S, Haldar P, et al. Comparing the effects of oral HIV self-testing with those of standard HIV testing for men who have sex with men (MSM): a systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e28157. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28157
  5. Tanwar S, Rewari BB, Rao CD, Seguy N. India’s HIV programme: successes and challenges. J Virus Erad. 2016;2(Suppl 4):15-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2055-6640(20)31094-3
  6. Nair M, Kumar P, Mahajan R, Mahajan R, Harshana A, Richardson K, et al. 2020. Lived experiences of palliative care among people living with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study from Bihar, India. BMJ Open 2020;10:e036179. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036179
  7. Lavangare SR, Ravichandran P. Assessment of palliative care needs among people living with HIV/ AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy outpatient department in an urban slum of Mumbai: a mixed method study. Indian J Palliat Care. 2022;28(1):43-50. http://doi:10.25259/IJPC_145_21
  8. McDonnell J. Treating HIV in India. Worldview 24 Feb 2016, 10:59am. WBEZ Chicago. http://www.wbez.org/worldview/2016/02/24/treating-hiv-in-india. [cited 2024 Sept 7]
  9. Dabla V, Gupta AK, Singh I. Spectrum of opportunistic infections among HIV seropositive patients in Delhi region-a study by Delhi state AIDS control society. J Med Disord. 2015;3:1. https://doi.org/10.7243/2053-3659-3-1
  10. Wadhwa, V. Structural violence and women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in India: understanding through a “grief model” framework. Ann Am Assoc Geogr. 2012; 102:1200-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2012.659966
  11. Dwivedi KK, Prasad G, Saini S, Mahajan S, Lal S, Baveja UK. Enteric opportunistic parasites among HIV infected individuals: associated risk factors and immune status. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60:76-81. https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2007.76
  12. Krishnana S, Dunbar MS, Minnis AM, Medlin CA, Gerdts CE, Padian NS. Poverty, gender inequities, and women’s risk of Human Immuniodeficiency Virus/AIDS. Ann. NY Acad Sci. 2008;1136:101-10. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.013
  13. King CH. Parasites and poverty: the case of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop. 2010;113(2):95-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.11.012
  14. Keiser J, Utzinger J. Community-wide soil-transmitted helminth treatment is equity-effective. Lancet. 2019;393:2011-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32981-7
  15. Walson JL, Phelgona AO, Mbuchi M, Richardson BA, Lohman-Payne B, Macharia SW, et al. Albendazole treatment of HIV-1 and helminth co-infection: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AIDS. 2008;22:1601-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e32830a502e
  16. Tian L, Wang T, Lv S, Wang F, Guo J, Yin X, et al. HIV and intestinal parasite co-infections among a Chinese population: an immunological profile. Infect Dis of Poverty. 2013;2:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-2-18
  17. Camaschella C. Iron-Deficiency Anemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;372,1832-43. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1401038
  18. Ghate M, Deshpande S, Tripathy S, Nene M, Gedam P, Godbole S, et al. Incidence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected individuals in Pune, India: analysis by stages of immunosuppression represented by CD4 counts. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13,e1e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.03.029
  19. Mutheneni SR, Morse AP, Caminade C, Upadhyayula SM. Dengue burden in India: recent trends and importance of climatic parameters. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6:e70. https://doi.org/10.1038/emi.2017.57
  20. Paranjape RS, Thakar MR, Ghate MV, Godbole SV. Current status of research on HIV epidemic, pathogenesis, management and prevention in India. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2012;82:167-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-011-0013-x
  21. Upadhyayula SM, Mutheneni SR, Nayanoori HK, Arunachalam N, Prashant G. Impact of weather variables on mosquitoes infected with Japanese encephalitis virus in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012;5,337-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60054-6
  22. Shastri S, Boregowda PH, Rewari BB, Tanwar S, Shet A, Kumar AMV. Scaling up antiretroviral treatment services in Karnataka, India: impact on CD4 Counts of HIV-infected people. PLOS One. 2013;8:e72188. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072188
  23. Shukla M, Agarwal M, Singh JV, Tripathi AK, Srivastava AK, Singh VK. 2016. Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS attending two tertiary care hospitals in District of Northern India. Indian J of Community Med. 41(1):55-61. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.170970
  24. Vallabhaneni S, Chandy S, Heylen E, Ekstrand M. Reasons for and Correlates of antiretroviral treatment interruptions in a cohort of patients from public and private clinics in Southern India. AIDS Care. 24(6):687-94. https://doi:10.1080/09540121.2011.630370
  25. Cao G, Wang Y, Wu Y, Jing W, Liu J, Liu M. Prevalence of anemia among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2022;44:101283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101283
  26. Kerkhoff AD, Meintjes G, Opie J, Vogt M, Jhilmeet N, Wood R, et al. Anaemia in patients with HIV-associated TB: relative contributions of anaemia of chronic disease and iron deficiency. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2016;20(2):193-201. https://doi:10.5588/ijtld.15.0558
  27. Cullis J. Anaemia of chronic disease. Clin Med (Lond). 2013;13(2):193-6. https://doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.13-2-193
  28. Getaneh Z, Wale W, Chanie B, Temesgen E, Abebe M, Walie M, et al. Magnitude and associated factors of anemia among AZT based HAART experienced adult HIV patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia, 2019: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):1016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06712-5
  29. Willett CE. 2020. When pain persists: chronic side effects of antiretroviral therapy in the lives of people with HIV [Senior Thesis: Interdisciplinary Studies in Biology, Chemistry and Human Needs and Global Resources]. Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, USA.
  30. Ray S, Neogi SB, Singh R, Devasenapathy N, Zodpey S. Is IV iron sucrose a cost-effective option for treatment of severe anaemia in pregnancy as compared with oral iron? Health Policy Plan. Dec 2020;35(10):1339-46. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa110
  31. Morawski BM, Yunus M, Kerukadho E, Turyasingura G, Barbra L, Ojok AM, et al. Hookworm infection is associated with decreased CD4+ T cell counts in HIV-infected adult Ugandans. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(5):e005634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005634
  32. Fincham JE, Markus MB, Adams VJ. Could control of soil-transmitted helminthic infection influence the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Acta Trop. 2003;86:315-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(03)00063-9
  33. Shor-Posner G, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Lu Y, Feaster D, Fletcher MA, Sauberlich, H. Elevated IgE level in relationship to nutritional status and immune parameters in early human immunodeficiency virus-1 disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1995;95(4):886-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70133-8
  34. Mulu A, Angaw B, Gelaw A, Ota F, Kassu A, Yifru S. Effect of deworming on Th2 immune response during HIV-helminths co-infection. J Transl Med. 2015;13:236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-015-0600-3
  35. Akanksha K, Kumari A, Dutta O, Prasanth A, Deeba F, Salam N. Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023;13:11055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-38030-y
  36. Singh MM, Garg S, Nath A, Gupta VK. An assessment of felt needs and expectations of people living with HIV/AIDS seeking treatment at NGSs in Delhi, India. Asia-Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(2)NP703-NP71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509336669
  37. Word Health Organization. 2017 [cited 2024 Sept 7]. WHO publishes recommendations for large-scale deworming to improve children’s health and nutrition [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/29-09-2017-who-publishes-recommendations-for-large-scale-deworming-to-improve-children-s-health-and-nutrition
  38. Abate E, Belayneh M, Idh J, Diro E, Elias D, Britton S, et al. Asymptomatic helminth infection in active tuberculosis is associated with increased regulatory and Th-2 responses and a lower sputum smear positivity. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(8):e0003994. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003994
  39. Awasthi S, Peto R, Read S, Richards SM, Pande V, Bundy D, et al. Population deworming every 6 months with albendazole in 1 million pre-school children in north India: DEVTA, a clusterrandomised trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1478-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62126-6
Language: English
Page range: 24 - 34
Submitted on: Jun 7, 2024
Accepted on: Oct 16, 2024
Published on: Mar 19, 2025
Published by: Global Health Institute at William Carey International University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

© 2025 Laura Pax, Savita Duomai, Rajni Herman, Amar Narain, Anneliese Petersen, Caroline Willett, Kristen Page, published by Global Health Institute at William Carey International University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.