
Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence Among Pregnant Women in Lamwo District - Northern Uganda
References
- Javed S, Chattu VK. Patriarchy at the helm of gender-based violence in times of COVID-19. AIMS Public Health. 2020;8(1):32-5. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2021003
- Sri AS, Das P, Gnanapragasam S, Persaud A. COVID-19 and the violence against women and girls: the shadow pandemic. Int J Soc Psych. 2021;67(8):971-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076402199555">https://doi.org/10.1177/002076402199555
- Kifle ME, Aychiluhm SB, Anbesu EW. Intimate partner violence in women in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women’s Health. 2024;24:127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02845-8
- Kafka JM, Moracco KE, Young BR, Taheri C, Graham LM, Macy RJ, et al. Intimate partner violence death statistics. Inj Prev. 2021;27(2):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043704
- World Health Organization. Intimate partner violence and sexual violence: WHO handbook [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
- United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development [Internet]. New York: UN; 2015. https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda
- Özlem CG, Zübeyde E, Derya D, Hasan C. Pregnancy symptoms and the impact of intimate partner violence. J Interpers Violence. 2020;35(3-4):523-41.
- Ray-Griffith SL, Bethany M, Stowe ZN. Exposures during pregnancy and prevalence of chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019;57(3):456-64. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6985164
- Govender D, Naidoo S, Taylor M. “I must support another life emotionally, physically and financially”: how adolescent mothers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, understand pregnancy, motherhood and their future aspirations. BMC Preg Childbirth. 2020;20:620. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-20-03319-7
- Mahmoud GA, El-Masri YH, Hamza MA. A prospective cohort study of intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(18):3118-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1578742
- Pastor-Moreno S, Ruiz-Perez A, Henares-Montiel J, Notario-Pacheco A, Escribano-Hernandez A. Perinatal health and intimate partner violence: a systematic review. Gac Sanit. 2020;34(1):47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2018.07.013
- Agbor J, Cook JM, Memiah T, Njau C, Odiase CO. Intimate partner violence and poor pregnancy outcomes in Kenya and Tanzania. BMJ Open. 2020;10(6):e034350. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034350
- Tiruye TY, Chojenta MK, Harris AB, Holliday DL. Intimate partner violence and pregnancy loss in Ethiopia: a national survey. BMC Women’s Health. 2020;20(1):203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-020-01069-z
- Uganda Bureau of Statistics, ICF. Uganda demographic and health survey 2022: key indicators report [Internet]. Kampala: UBOS; 2023. Available from: 09_2023UGANDA_DEMOGRAPHIC_AND_HEALTH_SURVEY_(UDHS)_2022_KEY_FINDINGS.pdf
- Turyamureba M, Yawe B, Oryema JB. Uganda: a review of the health care delivery system. Tanzan J Health Res. 2023;24(2):57-64. https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v24i2
- Greenland S. Logistic regression modeling and interpretation of frequent outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(3):171-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh018
- Tekakwo A, Nabirye RC, Nantale R, Oguttu F, Nambozo B, Wani S, Musaba MW, Mukunya D, Epuitai J. Enablers and barriers of male involvement in the use of modern family planning methods in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study. Contracept Reprod Med. 2023 Oct 16;8(1):49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40834-023-00251-x
- ICF, UBOS. Uganda demographic and health survey 2016. Kampala, Uganda: UBOS and ICF. 2018.
- Violations of the Right to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Uganda. A briefing paper. February 2022. Available from: https://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Uganda-Violations-of-the-Right-to-Freedom-of-Religion-or-Belief-publications-briefing-paper-2022-ENG.pdf
- Katushabe E, Asiimwe JB, Batwala V. Intimate partner violence disclosure and associated factors among pregnant women attending a city hospital in South-Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2022; 22(1), 484. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04812-x
- Amodoi GP, Taremwa IM, Nakakande J, Akugizibwe P, Mugambe S, Nanyingi M. Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner sexual violence among pregnant women in Napak district, Northeastern Uganda. PLOS Glob Public Health, 2024;4(2): e0002286. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002286
- Kawuki J, Sserwanja Q, Mukunya D, Sepenu AS, Musaba M. Prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among rural women aged 15-49 years in Uganda. 2020. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12283/707
- Ferdos J, Rahman MM, Jesmin SS, Rahman MA, Sasagawa T. Association between intimate partner violence during pregnancy and maternal pregnancy complications among recently delivered women in Bangladesh. Aggressive Behavior, 2018;44(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21752
- Field S, Onah M, van Heyningen T, Honikman S. Domestic and intimate partner violence among pregnant women in a low resource setting in South Africa: a facility-based, mixed methods study. J BMC Women’s Health 2018;18(119): https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-018-0612-2
- Kpordoxah MR, Adiak AA, Issah AN, Yeboah D, Abdulai N, Boah M. Magnitude of self-reported intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ghana’s northern region and its association with low birth weight. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024;24(29). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-06229-6
- Worku K, Lami H, Arero G. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women and associated factors in Negele borena town guji zone, South Oromia. Fortune Journal of Health Sciences 2022;5(3), 488-498. https://doi.org/10.26502/fjhs.075
- Okonkwo BC, Ezeama NN, Edeh GC, Okolo SA, Chiekezie CF, Anagwu CP, Awugosi MC. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Anambra State, Nigeria: Prevalence, pattern, determinants and coping strategies. Current Medicine Research and Practice 2024; 14(5):200-207. https://doi.org/10.4103/cmrp.cmrp_105_24
- Stiller M, Bärnighausen T, Wilson ML. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations. BMC women’s health 2022;22(210). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01761-7
- Ma J, Zhang S. Prevalence and risk factors of intimate partner violence among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2025;25(1104). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08209-4
- Sigalla GN, Mushi D, Meyrowitsch DW, Manongi R, Rogathi JJ, Gammeltoft T, Rasch V. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and its association with preterm birth and low birth weight in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2017 Feb 24;12(2):e0172540. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172540
- Asefa D, Worku Mengesha E, Yadita ZS. Intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in the conflicted northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Health science reports 2024;7(11):e70158. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70158
- Islam MJ, Mazerolle P, Broidy L, Baird K. Exploring the prevalence and correlates associated with intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Bangladesh. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2017;36(1-2):663-690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517730029
- Nguyen TH, Ngo TV, Nguyen VD, Nguyen HD, Nguyen HTT, Gammeltoft T, et al. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Vietnam: prevalence, risk factors and the role of social support. Glob Health Action. 2018;11(sup3):1638052. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1638052
- Engmann ST, Lamptey R, Lawson HJ, Ofori-Amankwah G. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending a low-resource primary care facility in Ghana. PLoS ONE 2024;19(9):e0310169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310169
- Chan KL. Gender differences in intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Hong Kong. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):499.
- Rasch M, Otsoe L, Nielsen G. Intimate partner violence in pregnancy in rural Tanzania. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(2):558-67.
- Chhabra S. Sexual violence among pregnant women in India. J Obs Gyn Res 2008; 34(2): 238–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00761.x
- Amone-P’Olak K. Psychological impact of war and sexual abuse on adolescent girls in Northern Uganda. Intervention. 2005 Mar;3(1):33-45.
- Teixeira SAM, Taquette SR, Monteiro DLM. Violence and sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy. Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira 2019;65(3):475-484. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.475
- Yassin K, Idris HA, Ali AA. Characteristics of female sexual dysfunctions and obstetric complications related to female genital mutilation in Omdurman maternity hospital, Sudan. Reproductive health 2018;15(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-017-0442-y
- Zulaika G, Nyothach E, van Eijk AM, Obor D, Mason L, Wang D, et al. Factors associated with the prevalence of HIV, HSV-2, pregnancy, and reported sexual activity among adolescent girls in rural western Kenya: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data in a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2021 Sep 28;18(9):e1003756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003756
- Fernández-Carrasco FJ, Rodríguez-Díaz L, González-Mey U, Vázquez-Lara JM, GómezSalgado J, Parrón-Carreño T. Changes in sexual desire in women and their partners during pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020;9(2):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020526
- Fernández-Carrasco FJ, Batugg-Chaves C, Ruger-Navarrete A, Riesco-González FJ, Palomo-Gómez R, Gómez-Salgado J, et al. Influence of pregnancy on sexual desire in pregnant women and their partners: systematic review. Public Health Reviews 2024;44(1606308). https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1606308
- Malary M, Moosazadeh M, Keramat A, Sabetghadam S. Factors influencing low sexual desire and sexual distress in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. International journal of reproductive biomedicine 2021;19(10):909–920. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v19i10.9823
- Hedin L, Grimstad H, Möller A, Schei B, Janson P. Prevalence of physical and sexual abuse before and during pregnancy among Swedish couples. J Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1999;78(4):310–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1600-0412.1999.780407.x
- Cokkinides V.E, Coker AL, Sanderson M, Addy C, Bethea L. Physical violence during pregnancy: maternal complications and birth outcomes. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1999;93(5 Pt 1):661–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00486-4
- Tarzia L, Brown C, McLindon E, Hegarty K. Development and validation of the intimate partner sexual violence scale: a multi-dimensional scale to measure sexual violence in intimate relationships. J Interpers Violence 2025;40(17-18):4082-4103. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605241287803
- Kamei A. Son preference and its impact on family size and domestic violence against mothers in South Asia. The Journal of Development Studies 2025;61(10):1603–1622. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2025.2493803
- Muchomba FM. Sex composition of children and spousal sexual violence in Sub-Saharan Africa. Matern Child Health J. 2019 Aug;23(8):1130-1139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-019-02761-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15566/38azmq97 | Journal eISSN: 2167-2415
Language: English
Page range: 3 - 18
Submitted on: Mar 19, 2025
Accepted on: Dec 29, 2025
Published on: Apr 17, 2026
Published by: Global Health Institute at William Carey International University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
© 2026 Joan Lanyero, Emmanuel Otieno, Mushin Nsubuga, Jackline Kobusingye, Josephine Namyalo, published by Global Health Institute at William Carey International University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.