Abstract
This study investigates the application of smart solutions and behavioral nudges to enhance public involvement in biodiversity conservation across the European Union. Smart solutions, such as protected areas, national biodiversity strategies, and regulatory frameworks, are direct interventions that provide a strong policy foundation for conservation. In contrast, nudges, including public awareness campaigns, eco-labeling, and citizen science projects, subtly influence public behavior without mandating specific actions, fostering voluntary engagement. The descriptive and comparative analysis reveals that integrating both approaches leads to more effective conservation outcomes by combining regulatory strength with public participation. Countries that successfully implement a mix of smart solutions and nudges, such as Germany and the Netherlands, achieve higher levels of public engagement and better biodiversity outcomes. The research underscores the imperative for intersectoral cooperation, heightened public consciousness, and comprehensive oversight mechanisms to maximize conservation initiatives. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, conservationists, and community leaders seeking to enhance public involvement in biodiversity conservation and promote sustainable practices across Europe.