Judicial Reform in the Era of Digital Democracy from the Perspective of Ensuring the Rule of Law: The Perspective from Poland and Lithuania

In this article, we explore the complex challenges and opportunities arising from the digital transformation of the judiciary in the context of modern democratic societies, with a particular focus on Poland and Lithuania. As digital tools increasingly shape how justice is administered, ensuring the rule of law, transparency, and fair trials remains a central concern. We analyse the legal, institutional, and technological aspects of judicial reforms, including the use of remote hearings, algorithmic decision -making, online access to court services, and the risks of digital exclusion. Drawing on European standards, we highlight the need to strike a careful balance between innovation and fundamental rights. By examining recent legislative initiatives, court practices, and comparative insights from both countries, this article contributes to the broader discourse on the legitimacy, efficiency, and accountability of digital justice systems in a democratic setting.