Have a personal or library account? Click to login

Cultural Moral Evolution: A Proposed Model and Application in a Review and Analysis of the Evolutionary Stages of Diverse Cultures and the Impact on the Emergence and Identification of LGBTQA+ Communities

Open Access
|Oct 2024

References

  1. Alaska State Commission for Human Rights. (2024, 24 May). Press Releases. https://humanrights.alaska.gov/public-notices/press-releases
  2. Aldous, S. et al. (2008). Ladyboys: The secret world of Thailand’s third gender. Maverick House.
  3. Allmnakrah, A., % Evers, C. (2019). The need for a fundamental shift in the Saudi education system: Implementing the Saudi Arabian economic vision 2030. Research in Education, 106(1), 22–40. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0034523719851534
  4. American Civil Liberties Union. (n.d.). Court cases: In re: Gill. Retrieved 19 June 2024, from https://www.aclu.org/cases/re-gill
  5. Boas, F. (1940). Race, language, and culture. Nature, 145, 951–952. https://doi.org/10.1038/145951a0
  6. Burness, A. (2020, 13 July). Colorado becomes 11th state to ban LGBTQ ‘panic defense’. The Denver Post. https://www.denverpost.com/2020/07/13/colorado-gay-panic-defense-ban/
  7. Cohen, A. (2014). Brenner v. Scott: Will the eleventh circuit rule for marriage equality or not? University of Miami Law Review. https://lawreview.law.miami.edu/brenner-v-scott-11th-circuit-affirm-district-courts-decision-finding-floridas-same-sex-marriage-ban-unconstitutional/Colorado
  8. Bar Association. (2009). Colorado’s designated beneficiary form. https://www.cobar.org/Portals/COBAR/Colorado’s%20Designated%20Beneficiary%20Act%20Flyer.pdf?ver=uE06gnwP3QdHlJo22003ZA%3d%3d
  9. Colo. Const. Art. II, Section 31, MARRIAGES – VALID OR RECOGNIZED https://advance.lexis.com/container/?pdmfid=1000516%crid=d54334d9-a44d-4bdb-a287-e20f0b108e3a%pdtoc-searchterm=marriage+defined%pdtocsearchoption=docsonly%pdsearchterms=%pdtypeofsearch=TOCSearchDoc%pdfilterstring=MTA5MTE5Mw%pdsearchdisplaytext=Colorado+Revised+Statutes+Annotated%pdcontextvalue=statutes-legislation%pdtocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Ftableofcontents%2Furn%3AcontentItem%3A62D1-TW33-GXJ9–32RB-00008–00%pdbcts=1722017160650%config=024657JAA2MTI4MjczOC02ZTIzLTQ0NTEtOGRkMC01YzYxMzg2MWUxYjAKAFBvZENhdGFsb2flEOcXScqdz0js3QQRyYcc%ecomp=6gf5kkk%prid=1469fd9a-5d1d-4815-baf6–54c92142dfa1.
  10. Colorado General Assembly. (2018). Prohibit Conversion Therapy Mental Health Provider: Concerning a Prohibition against a Mental Health Care Provider Engaging in Conversion Therapy with a Patient under Eighteen Years of Age. House Bill HB18–1245.
  11. Colorado General Assembly. (2021a). Restoration of Honor Act: Concerning the Eligibility of Discharged LGBT Veterans for Specified State Benefits. Senate Bill SB21–026.
  12. Colorado General Assembly. (2021b). Homeowners’ Association Regulation of Flags and Signs: Concerning Additional Protections for Homeowners’ Freedom of Expression in Common Interest Communities under the ‘Colorado Common Interest Ownership Act’. House Bill HB21–1310.
  13. Colorado General Assembly. (2023a). Restrict Insurers’ Use of External Consumer Data: Concerning Protecting Consumers from Unfair Discrimination in Insurance Practices. Senate Bill SB 21–169.
  14. Colorado General Assembly. (2023b). Gender-Affirming Health-Care Provider Study: Concerning a Study of the Status of Gender-Affirming Health-Care Providers. House Bill HB 24–1040 (2023).
  15. Colorado General Assembly (2020) Gay Panic Or Transgender Panic Defense, House Bill HB20–1307 (2020)
  16. Colorado Revised Stat. § 24–34-401(2008) ret. 2024 https://casetext.com/statute/colorado-revised-statutes/title-24-government-state/principal-departments/article-34-department-of-regulatory-agencies/part-4-employment-practices/section-24–34-401-definitions
  17. Colorado Senate. (2024). SCR24–003 Protecting the Freedom to Marry Colorado Senate. (2024) Protecting the Freedom to Marry
  18. Crystal, J. (2001). Criminal justice in the Middle East. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29(6), 469–482. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/criminal-justice-middle-east
  19. Eagle, N. (2013, 14 November). A ‘new era of aloha’: Hawaii governor signs Marriage Equality Act. Honolulu Civil Beat. https://www.civilbeat.org/2013/11/a-new-era-of-aloha-hawaii-governor-signs-marriage-equality-act/
  20. Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (n.d.). Government. Retrieved 12 July 2024, from https://www.saudiembassy.net/government/?id=Skunk-3593–6229-42–4733
  21. Eskridge, William N. (2008). Dishonorable passions: Sodomy laws in America, 1861—2003. Viking Penguin.
  22. Florida House of Representatives. (2022). Parental Rights in Education. House Bill CS/CS/HB 1557.
  23. Florida Senate. (2023a). CS/CS/HB 1421: Gender Clinical Interventions. Effective Date: 7/1/2023.
  24. House Bill 1421 (2023 https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=78266#:~:text=Gender%20Clinical%20Interventions%3A%20Authorizes%20court,-from%20being%20changed%20on%20birth
  25. Florida Senate. (2023b). Treatments for Sex Reassignment. Senate Bill CS/SB 254.
  26. Geertz, C., % Darnton, R. (1973). The interpretation of cultures (3rd ed.). Basic Books.
  27. Government of the Netherlands. (n.d.). Equal rights for LGBTIQ+’s. Retrieved 19 June 2024, from https://www.government.nl/topics/human-rights/human-rights-worldwide/equal-rights-for-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-and-intersex-lgbti
  28. Gramon, R., % Harmon, A. (2023, 18 December). American Catholics split on Pope’s blessing for gay couples. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/18/us/pope-francis-lgbtq-catholic.html
  29. Hawaii Department of Education. (n.d.). Guidance on supports for transgender students. Retrieved 17 July 2024, from https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/Offices/Pages/CRCO.aspx
  30. Hawaii State Legislature. (2013, 3 November). Marriage Equality Act. Senate Bill No. 1, H.D. 1. https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessions/splsession2013b/SB1_HD1_FA21_.pdf
  31. Herskovits, M. (1955). Cultural anthropology. Knopf.
  32. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values (Vol. 5). SAGE Publications.
  33. Huang, F. (2017). International education in the Netherlands: Changes, characteristics and implications. Higher Education Forum, 14. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1307876.pdf
  34. In re: Gill, Judgment of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal, 2010 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. (2011, 11 August). Responses to information requests (RIRs). https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/pages/attachments/2015/09/14/sau103739.fe_.pdf
  35. Judgment of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal of 22 September 2010 on the case of In re: Gill, 45 So. 39 79.
  36. Judgment of the Hawaiian Territorial Court of 31 May 1899 on the case of Republic of Hawaii v. Edwards, 12 Haw. 55
  37. Judgment of the Hawaiian Territorial Court of 9 October 1958 on the case of Territory of Hawaii v. Bell, 43 Haw. 23.
  38. Judgment of the Supreme Court of Hawaii of 3 November 1983 on the case of State v. Mueller, 671 P.2d 1351.
  39. Judgment of the Supreme Court of Hawaii of 3 December 1996 on the case of Baehr v. Miike, 910 P.2d 112, 80 Hawai’i 341.
  40. Judgment of the US Court of Appeal of 28 January 2004 on the case of Loft on v. Secretary of the Department of Children and Family Services, 358 F.3d 804.
  41. Judgment of the US Supreme Court of 26 June 2003 on the case of Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558.
  42. Judgment of the US Supreme Court of 26 June 2015 on the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 US 644.
  43. Judgment of the US Supreme Court of 15 June 2020 on the case of Bostock v. Clayton County, 590 US 644.
  44. Kane, M.D. (2007). Timing matters: Shift s in the causal determinants of sodomy law decriminalization, 1961–1998. Social Problems, 54(2), 211–239. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2007.54.2.211
  45. Kekaulaohi, M. (1894). ‘Blue’ laws. Constitution and laws of 1840: A practical illustration of the missionaries’ love for the Hawaiians. Holomua Publishing Company.
  46. Kligerman, N. (2007). Homosexuality in Islam: A difficult paradox. Macalester Islam Journal, 2(3), 52–64. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028%context=islam
  47. Kottak, C. (2013). Mirror for humanity: A concise introduction to cultural anthropology (15th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  48. Lambda Legal. (n.d.). HB 444: Hawai’i’s Civil Unions Bill. Fast facts. Retrieved 17 July 2024, from https://legacy.lambdalegal.org/sites/default/files/publications/downloads/fs_hb444-hi-civil-union-bill_0.pdf
  49. Lang, S. (1998). Men as women, women as men: Changing gender in Native American cultures. University of Texas Press.
  50. Lei Pua Ala (n.d.) Queer histories of Hawaii. Retrieved 17 July 2024, from https://www.queerhistoriesof-hawaii.org/
  51. LGBTQ+ Bar. (n.d.). LGBTQ+ ‘panic’ defense. Retrieved 20 April 2024, from https://lgbtqbar.org/programs/advocacy/rado
  52. Live Journal. (2012). Creek /Seminole views on gay /lesbians. https://seminolewar.livejournal.com/178497.html
  53. Lopez, J. (2023, 5 September). Lake Worth Beach now LGBTQA+ sanctuary city – first in state. The Palm Beach Post. https://www.wptv.com/news/region-c-palm-beach-county/lake-worth/city-of-lake-worth-beach-now-lgbtq-sanctuary-city
  54. Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An account of native enterprise and adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. G. Routledge % Sons /E.P. Dutton % Co.
  55. Maria, K. et al. (2015). The education system in Saudi Arabia. National Center for Education Statistics.
  56. Mead, M. (1935). Sex and temperament in three primitive societies. Routledge % Kegan. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.191072
  57. Moreno, I. (2013) Civil Unions Signed Into Law in Colorado, USA Today ret: 2020, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/21/colorado-civil-unions/2007255/
  58. Movement Advance Project. (n.d.). Colorado’s equality profile. Retrieved 17 July 2024, from https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality_maps/profile_state/CO
  59. Native Hawaiian Justice Task Force. (1983). Native Hawaiian justice task force report. https://www.oha.org/wp-content/uploads/2012NHJTF_REPORT_FINAL_0.pdf
  60. Naval Historical Foundation. (n.d.). LGBTQA+ in the U.S. Navy. Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://www.navyhistory.org/
  61. One Colorado. (2023, 31 December). Colorado House Bill 19–1039 Jude’s Law goes into effect. https://www.one-colorado.org/latest/colorado-house-bill-19–1039-judes-law-goes-into-effect
  62. Radson, M.J. (2013). Florida human rights ordinances [Conference presentation]. Florida Association of County Attorneys, 2013 CLE Seminar, Tampa, FL, United States. https://faca.fl-counties.com/sites/default/files/2018–11/Domestic%20Partner%20Registry%20and%20Human%20Rights%20Ordinances%28Radson%29%28Written%20Materials%29.pdf
  63. Rittiman, B. (2013, 25 January). Catholic adoption agencies vow not to serve gay couples. 9news.com. https://archive.ph/20130219214824/http://www.9news.com/news/local/article/312646/222/Catholic-adoption-agencies-wont-serve-gays
  64. State of Colorado. (2022). Marlo’s Law. House Bill 22–1153. https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/2022a_1153_signed.pdf
  65. Stillwell, P. (2011, March). The end of ‘don’t ask, don’t tell’. Naval History, 25(2). https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2011/march/end-dont-ask-dont-tell
  66. Stromko, B. (2022, 27 June). Pride month. It’s hard to be what you don’t see: Why LGBTQ visibility matters. America’s Navy. https://www.navy.mil/Press-Office/News-Stories/Article/3076875/pride-month-its-hard-to-be-what-you-dont-see-why-lgbtq-visibility-matters/
  67. Tizmaghz, J. (2014). I’m scared to be a woman. Human Rights Watch. https://features.hrw.org/features/HRW_reports_2014/Im_Scared_to_Be_a_Woman/index.html
  68. Tylor, E.B. (2010). Primitive culture: Researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, art, and custom. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511705960
  69. UCLA School of Law. (2020). Opinion: Trans rights in Malaysia. UCLA School of Law Williams Institute. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/opinion-trans-rights-malaysia/
  70. US Department of Justice. (1972). Hawaii – Citizen’s conference on the administration of justice – proceedings. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/hawaii-citizens-conference-administration-justice-proceedings
  71. US Department of State. (2022a). Country reports on human rights practices: Malaysia. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/malaysia/
  72. US Department of State. (2022b). Country reports on human rights practices: Saudi Arabia. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/saudi-arabia/
  73. US Department of State. (2022c). Report on international religious freedom: Netherlands. https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/netherlands
  74. USS Constitution Museum. (n.d.). No longer silent: A story of LGBTQIA+ service in the Navy. Retrieved 24 January 2024, from https://ussconstitutionmuseum.org
  75. Wittenborg University of Applied Science. (2014). Dutch universities are getting increasingly more international with their staff. https://www.wittenborg.eu/dutch-universities-are-getting-increasingly-more-international-their-staff.htm
  76. Zelin, A., % Olidort, J. (2016). The Islamic State’s views on homosexuality. Washington Institute on Near East Policies. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/islamic-states-views-homosexualityTopofForm
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15290/bsp.2024.29.03.08 | Journal eISSN: 2719-9452 | Journal ISSN: 1689-7404
Language: English, Polish
Page range: 131 - 157
Submitted on: Dec 30, 2023
Accepted on: Jun 8, 2024
Published on: Oct 1, 2024
Published by: University of Białystok
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Jack B. Hamlin, Jamir E. Hairston, Alejandro Mendez, published by University of Białystok
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.