Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients included.
| DM type 1 | DM type 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| N=84 | N=227 | |
| Age (years) | 49±13 | 64±10 |
| Gender (male/female, %) | 57/43 | 62/38 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 21±11 | 16±9 |
| Insulin therapy duration (years) | 19±12 | 6 (3, 10)* |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.2±2.7 | 9.3±2.8 |
| Employed/unemployed/retired/other (%) | 65/5/28/12 | 15/8/75/2 |
| Diabetes treatment | ||
| Short-acting insulin | 85.7 | 48.9 |
| Long-acting insulin | 60.7 | 63.1 |
| Pre-mixed insulin | 1.2 | 35.1 |
| Oral therapy | 4.8 | 24.9 |
| Injectable non-insulin therapy | 3.6 | 10.2 |
| Insulin pump | 32.1 | 4.9 |
| Self-measurement of blood glucose (%) | 98.8 | 99.6 |
| Continuous glucose measurement (%) | 34.2 | 38.4 |
| Hypoglycaemia experience (%) | 98.8 | 89.2 |
Figure 1
Hypoglycaemia incidence depending on the retrospective or prospective recall by patients.
Figure 2
Hypoglycaemia incidence and HbA1c.
Table 2
Predictors of severe hypoglycaemia in a fully adjusted negative binomial model.
| VARIABLES | HR | 95% C.I. | P-VALUE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.99 | 0.96, 1.02 | 0.556 |
| Female gender | 0.80 | 0.36, 1.78 | 0.585 |
| HbA1c (%) | 1.01 | 0.98, 1.04 | 0.441 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.11 | 0.594 |
| Type of insulin therapy | |||
| Short-acting (reference) | - | - | - |
| Long-acting | 0.54 | 0.10, 3.07 | 0.489 |
| Long and short-acting | 0.70 | 0.21, 2.28 | 0.550 |
| Mixed | NC | NC | NC |
| Other | 0.36 | 0.08, 1.57 | 0.175 |
| Blood glucose testing (per day) | 1.08 | 0.84, 1.38 | 0.555 |
| Hypoglycaemia unawareness | 1.00 | 0.44, 2.24 | 0.996 |
| Fear of hypoglycaemia | 1.20 | 1.05, 1.37 | 0.009 |
| Diabetes type 2 | 0.72 | 0.20, 2.67 | 0.627 |
NC-not calculable. Model adjusted for: age, gender, HbA1c at baseline, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin therapy, type of Insulin therapy, frequency of blood glucose monitoring, knowledge of hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia unawareness, fear of hypoglycaemia, period, diabetes type.
Figure 3
Actions resulting from hypoglycaemia in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. (Statistically significant differences are marked with *).