Figure 2
Baseline characteristics of participants_
| Characteristic, number (percentage) | Intervention group | Control group | Total | Statistical difference (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 36 (30) | 37 (30.8) | 73 (60.8) | <0.05 |
| Female, n (%) | 22 (18.3) | 25 (20.8) | 47 (39.1) | >0.05 |
| Average age, years (SD) | 56.3 (10.5) | 54.7 (11.1) | 55.5 (10.7) | >0.05 |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Elementary school or less | 4 (3.3) | 5 (4.2) | 9 (7.5) | >0.05 |
| High school | 13 (10.8) | 13 (10.8) | 26 (21.6) | >0.05 |
| College or university | 21 (17.5) | 15 (12.5) | 36 (30) | <0.05 |
| Master, PhD or specialisation | 8 (6.7) | 11 (9.2) | 19 (15.9) | <0.05 |
| Unknown | 12 (10) | 18 (15) | 30 (25) | <0.05 |
| Diabetes duration in years (standard deviation) | 5.1 (5.7) | 5.7 (4.8) | 5.5 (5.3) | >0.05 |
| Only diet, n (%) | 13 (10.8) | 15 (12.5) | 28 (23.3) | >0.05 |
| Diet and oral antidiabetic medication, n (%) | 21 (17.5) | 20 (16.7) | 41 (34.2) | >0.05 |
| Diet, oral antidiabetic and other medication, n (%) | 24 (20) | 27 (22.5) | 51 (42.5) | <0.05 |
Comparison between conventional and eDiabetes care_
| Parameters | Conventional diabetes care | eDiabetes care |
|---|---|---|
| No. of check-ups by nurse practitioner in family practice | 2-4 times a year | 2-4 times a year |
| No. of check-ups by family practitioner | 2 times a year and for exacerbations | 2 times a year and for exacerbations |
| Laboratory tests (HbA1c, FBG, creatinine, serum lipids, transaminases, albumin in urine) | 1- 2 times a year | 1- 2 times a year |
| Ophthalmologist examination | Once a year | Once a year |
| Internist and other specialists | For exacerbations | For exacerbations |
| e-consultation with nurse practitioner | NO | YES |
| e-consultation with family practitioner or specialists | NO | NO |
| SMS reminders | NO | YES |
| Access to eDiabetes application | NO | YES |
| Answering e-questionnaires | NO | Every two months |
Baseline and final values of key monitoring parameters_
| PARAMETER, unit | STUDY GROUP | MEAN (SD) BASELINE | MEAN (SD) FINAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c, % | Interv. | 7.1 (1.5) | 6.4 (0.9) |
| HbA1c, % | Control | 6.8 (1.2) | 6.7 (1.5) |
| SBP, mm Hg | Interv. | 138.4 (16.4) | 137.0 (17.8) |
| SBP, mm Hg | Control | 136.9 (17.4) | 138.3 (18.4) |
| DBP, mm Hg | Interv. | 84.5 (11.4) | 84.6 (7.9) |
| DBP, mm Hg | Control | 83.3 (10.5) | 82.9 (9.4) |
| CHOL, mmol/l | Interv. | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.1 (1.4) |
| CHOL, mmol/l | Control | 4.6 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.1) |
| TG, mmol/l | Interv. | 2.5 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) |
| TG, mmol/l | Control | 2.0 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.1) |
| LDL, mmol/l | Interv. | 3.0 (1.1) | 3.0 (1.3) |
| LDL, mmol/l | Control | 2.6 (1.0) | 2.5 (1.0) |
| HDL, mmol/l | Interv. | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3) |
| HDL, mmol/l | Control | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3) |
| FBG, mmol/l | Interv. | 8.1 (2.2) | 8.0 (2.1) |
| FBG, mmol/l | Control | 8.0 (2.6) | 8.2 (2.6) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Interv. | 32.6 (5.1) | 32.0 (4.7) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | Control | 31.8 (4.9) | 31.8 (5.1) |
| WONCA, score | Interv. | 2.1 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.5) |
| WONCA, score | Control | 1.9 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.7) |
| SELF-SBP, mm Hg | Interv. | 135.0 (1.7) | 134.03 (14.3) |
| SELF-DBP, mm Hg | Interv. | 82.4 (10.2) | 81.3 (7.3) |
| SELF-WT, kg | Interv. | 97.9 (17.8) | 96.1 (14.2) |
| SELF-FBG, mmol/l | Interv. | 7.7 (2.2) | 7.2 (1.5) |