Socio-demographic characteristics of participant families_
| Family characteristics | N | (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Mother’s age (years) | 847 | |
| Less than 29 | 19.8 | |
| 30-34 | 43.0 | |
| 35 and more | 37.2 | |
| Father’s age (years) | 841 | |
| Less than 29 | 9.0 | |
| 30-34 | 34.2 | |
| 35-39 | 36.3 | |
| 40 and more | 20.5 | |
| Mother’s education | 849 | |
| Vocational or less | 15.5 | |
| Secondary | 27.1 | |
| College | 27.1 | |
| University | 30.3 | |
| Father’s education | 842 | |
| Vocational or less | 29.0 | |
| Secondary | 30.8 | |
| College | 18.5 | |
| University | 21.7 | |
| Child sequence | 848 | |
| First child | 49.1 | |
| Second and following child | 50.9 | |
| Number of children | 848 | |
| One child | 27.8 | |
| Two or more | 72.2 | |
| Gender of the child | 850 | |
| Male | 51.4 | |
| Female | 48.6 | |
| Family type | 848 | |
| Both parents | 75.0 | |
| Parents and relatives | 22.1 | |
| Single-parent family | 2.9 | |
| Material welfare of the family | 844 | |
| Poor | 8.9 | |
| Medium | 81.6 | |
| Good | 9.5 | |
| Type of residence community | 842 | |
| Urban | 38.7 | |
| Suburban | 17.7 | |
| Rural | 43.6 | |
| SE status of area of residence | 850 | |
| Poor | 25.8 | |
| Medium | 17.9 | |
| Good | 56.3 |
Estimates of the prevalence of the non-use of a child car seat (Ntot=851), and results of invariable analysis of the association between the non-use of a child car seat and family factors_
| Noat | Not using a child car seat (%) | Univariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% C.I.) | P-value | ||||
| Socio-economic factors | |||||
| Mother’s education | |||||
| University | 257 | 7.0 | 1.00 | ||
| College | 230 | 18.7 | 3.05 (1.71-5.47) | p=0.000 | |
| Secondary | 230 | 13.9 | 2.15 (1.17-3.94) | p=0.014 | |
| Vocational or less | 132 | 23.5 | 4.08 (2.18-7.62) | p=0.000 | |
| Father’s education | |||||
| University | 183 | 8.2 | 1.00 | ||
| College | 156 | 12.2 | 1.55 (0.76-3.17) | p=0.226 | |
| Secondary | 259 | 16.2 | 2.17 (1.16-4.04) | p=0.015 | |
| Vocational or less | 244 | 18.9 | 2.60 (1.40-4.83) | p=0.002 | |
| Material welfare of the family | |||||
| Good | 80 | 11.3 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 689 | 14.7 | 1.36 (0.66-2.80) | p=0.411 | |
| Poor | 75 | 17.3 | 1.65 (0.66-4.13) | p=0.281 | |
| Family type | |||||
| Both parents | 636 | 14.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Parents and relatives | 187 | 15.0 | 1.07 (0.68-1.69) | p=0.778 | |
| Single-parent family | 25 | 24.0 | 1.92 (0.75-4.93) | p=0.177 | |
| SE status of area of resid. | |||||
| Good | 479 | 10.9 | 1.00 | ||
| Medium | 152 | 22.4 | 2.37 (1.47-3.82) | p=0.000 | |
| Poor | 219 | 17.4 | 1.72 (1.10-2.71) | p=0.018 | |
| Type of residence community | |||||
| Urban | 326 | 13.5 | 1.00 | ||
| Suburban | 149 | 12.1 | 0.88 (0.49-1.58) | p=0.671 | |
| Rural | 367 | 16.3 | 1.25 (0.82-1.91) | p=0.295 | |
| Demographic factors | |||||
| Mother’s age | |||||
| 35 years and more | 315 | 12.1 | 1.00 | ||
| 30-34 years | 364 | 14.0 | 1.19 (0.76-1.86) | p=0.454 | |
| do 29 years | 168 | 20.2 | 1.85 (1.11-3.07) | p=0.017 | |
| Father’s age | |||||
| 40 years and more | 172 | 15.7 | 1.00 | ||
| 35-39 years | 305 | 9.5 | 0.56 (0.32-0.99) | p=0.046 | |
| 30-34 years | 288 | 18.4 | 1.21 (0.73-2.01) | p=0.459 | |
| do 29 years | 76 | 17.1 | 1.11 (0.54-2.29) | p=0.781 | |
| Child sequence | |||||
| First child | 416 | 11.8 | 1.00 | ||
| Second or latter | 432 | 17.4 | 1.57 (1.07-2.32) | p=0.022 | |
| Number of children | |||||
| One child | 236 | 14.1 | 1.00 | ||
| Two or more | 612 | 14.7 | 1.02(0.67-1.57) | p=0.912 | |
| Gender of the child | |||||
| Female | 14.3 | 413 | 1.00 | ||
| Male | 437 | 14.9 | 1.05 (0.72-1.54) | p=0.808 | |
| Knowledge | |||||
| Good | 369 | 12.5 | 1.00 | ||
| Poor | 482 | 16.2 | 1.36 (0.92-2.01) | p=0.129 | |
| Information source | |||||
| Books, med. staff | 371 | 12.9 | 1.00 | ||
| Internet, magazines, TV | 272 | 17.6 | 1.43 (0.93-2.21) | p=0.102 | |
| None, friends, relatives | 202 | 13.4 | 1.03 (0.62-1.71) | p=0.900 | |
| Motivational factors and social norms | |||||
| Child vulnerability | |||||
| High | 607 | 14.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Low | 236 | 15.3 | 1.09 (0.72-1.66) | p=0.687 | |
| Injury severity | |||||
| Severe | 669 | 11.2 | 1.00 | ||
| Not severe | 161 | 27.3 | 2.98 (1.95-4.54) | p=0.000 | |
| Safety measure efficacy | |||||
| Very effective | 731 | 11.9 | 1.00 | ||
| Not very effective | 114 | 30.7 | 3.28 (2.08-5.18) | p=0.000 | |
| Self-efficacy | |||||
| Very self-effective | 282 | 7.8 | 1.00 | ||
| Not very selfeffective | 565 | 17.9 | 2.57 (1.58-4.18) | p=0.000 | |
| Social norms | |||||
| Very important | 637 | 11.6 | 1.00 | ||
| Not very important | 203 | 23.2 | 2.29 (1.53-3.44) | p=0.000 | |
Logistic regression models with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% C_I_) of the non-use of a child car seat according to socio-economic and other characteristics of a family_
| Not using a child car seat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 OR (95% C.I.) | Model 2 OR (95% C.I.) | Model 3 OR (95% C.I.) | |
| Socio-economic factors | |||
| Mother’s education | |||
| University | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College | 3.15 (1.62-6.09) *** Statistically significant at p≤0.001 | 2.84 (1.43-5.65) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; | 2.77 (1.31-5.83) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; |
| Secondary | 1.89 (0.94-3.78) | 1.56 (0.76-3.21) | 1.40 (0.64-3.06) |
| Vocational or less | 3.63 (1.71-7.69) *** Statistically significant at p≤0.001 | 3.34 (1.53-7.32) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; | 3.91 (1.67-9.13) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; |
| Father’s education | |||
| University | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| College | 0.86 (0.39-1.90) | 0.82 (0.36-1.86) | 0.73 (0.30-1.79) |
| Secondary | 1.31 (0.65-2.64) | 1.28 (0.61-2.65) | 1.32 (0.60-2.89) |
| Vocational or less | 1.19 (0.57-2.50) | 1.02 (0.47-2.22) | 1.01 (0.44-2.29) |
| Material welfare of the family | |||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 0.89 (0.41-1.90) | 0.84 (0.39-1.84) | 0.64 (0.28-1.46) |
| Poor | 0.84 (0.31-2.26) | 0.80 (0.28-2.26) | 0.51 (0.17-1.57) |
| Family type | |||
| Both parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Parents and relatives | 0.85 (0.52-1.40) | 0.83 (0.50-1.40) | 0.84 (0.48-1.49) |
| Single-parent family | 2.12 (0.78-5.77) | 2.59 (0.89-7.51) | 3.38 (1.09-10.52) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; |
| SE status of area of resid. | |||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium | 2.04 (1.22-3.39) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; | 2.01 (1.18-3.41) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; | 2.32 (1.30-4.15) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; |
| Poor | 1.44 (0,89-2.33) | 1.54 (0.93-2.55) | 1.87 (1.07-3.23) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; |
| Type of residence community | |||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Suburban | 0.72 (0.39-1.34) | 0.71 (0.37-1.35) | 0.64 (0.32-1.29) |
| Rural | 0.99 (0.62-1.57) | 0.88 (0.55-1.43) | 0.87 (0.52-1.47) |
| Demographic factors | |||
| Mother’s age | |||
| 35 years and more | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 30-34 years | 1.22 (0.70-2.14) | 1.05 (0.57-1.93) | |
| do 29 years | 1.87 (0.89-3.93) | 1.66 (0.74-3.74) | |
| Father’s age | |||
| 40 years and more | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 35-39 years | 0.53 (0.29-0.99) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; | 0.62 (0.31-1.22) | |
| 30-34 years | 1.11 (0.57-2.15) | 1.51 (0.73-3.12) | |
| do 29 years | 0.85 (0.33-2.20) | 0.85 (0.30-2.42) | |
| Child sequence | |||
| First child | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Second or latter | 3.45 (1.76-6.77) *** Statistically significant at p≤0.001 | 3.53 (1.73-7.23) *** Statistically significant at p≤0.001 | |
| Number of children | |||
| One child | 1.00 | 1,00 | |
| Two or more | 0.58 (0.29-1.17) | 0.58 (0.27-1.23) | |
| Gender of the child | |||
| Female | 1,00 | 1,00 | |
| Male | 0.98 (0.64-1.49) | 0.97 (0.61-1.54) | |
| Knowledge | |||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Poor | 1.24 (0.81-1.92) | 1.10 (0.68-1.77) | |
| Information source | |||
| Books, med. staff | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Internet, magazines, TV | 1.24 (0.76-2.01) | 1.21 (0.71-2.04) | |
| None, friends, relatives | 0.80 (0.46-1.40) | 0.81 (0.44-1.49) | |
| Motivational factors and social norms | |||
| Child vulnerability | |||
| High | 1.00 | ||
| Low | 0.72 (0.42-1.24) | ||
| Injury severity | |||
| Severe | 1.00 | ||
| Not severe | 2.35 (1.35-4.10) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; | ||
| Safety measure efficacy | |||
| Very effective | 1.00 | ||
| Not very effective | 2.59 (1.41-4.76) ** Statistically significant at p≤0.01; | ||
| Self-efficacy | |||
| Very self-effective | 1,00 | ||
| Not very self-effective | 1.69 (0.98-2.93) | ||
| Social norms | |||
| Very important | 1.00 | ||
| Not very important | 1.72 (1.03-2.87) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; | ||
| Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test | p=0.989 | p=0.572 | p=0.923 |
| Likelihood ratio test | p=0.000 | p=0.006 (Model 2 : Model 1) | p=0.000 (Model 3 : Model 2) |