References
- 1. O’Sullivan RJ, Karlseder J. Telomeres: protecting chromosomes against genome instability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010; 11: 171-81.
- 2. Fleming AM, Burrows CJ. G-quadruplex folds of the human telomere sequence alter the site reactivity and reaction pathway of Guanine oxidation compared to duplex DNA. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26: 593-607.
- 3. O’Callaghan NJ, Fenech M. A quantitative PCR method for measuring absolute telomere length. Biol Proced Online 2011; 13: 3.
- 4. Von Zglinicki T. Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem Sci 2002; 27: 339-44.
- 5. Gomez DE, Armando RG, Farina HG, Menna PL, Cerrudo CS, Ghiringhelli PD. et al. Telomere structure and telomerase in health and disease: review. Int J Oncol 2012; 41: 1561-9.
- 6. Xi H, Li C, Ren F, Zhang H, Zhang L. Telomere, aging and age-related diseases. Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25: 139-46.
- 7. Hohensinner PJ, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Telomere dysfunction, autoimmunity and aging. Aging Dis 2011; 2: 524-37.
- 8. Weng N. Telomeres and immune competency. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24: 470-5.
- 9. Shalev I. Early life stress and telomere length: investigating the connection and possible mechanisms: a critical survey of the evidence base, research methodology and basic biology. BioEssays News Rev Mol Cell Dev Biol 2012; 34: 943-52.
- 10. Rains JL, Jain SK. Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50: 567-75.
- 11. Georgin-Lavialle S, Aouba A, Mouthon L, Londono-Vallejo JA, Lepelletier Y, Gabet AS. et al. The telomere/telomerase system in autoimmune and systemic immune-mediated diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 9: 646-51.
- 12. Chakhtoura M, Azar ST. The role of vitamin d deficiency in the incidence, progression, and complications of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol 2013: 148673. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
- 13. Drobnič Radobuljac M, Bratina N, Tomori M, Battelino T. Type 1 diabetes and psychosocial risk factors in adolescence. Zdrav Vest 2012; 81: 664-75.
- 14. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2012; 36(Suppl 1): S67-74.
- 15. Hovnik T, Dolzan V, Bratina NU, Podkrajsek KT, Battelino T. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes are associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 2258-62.
- 16. Jeanclos E, Krolewski A, Skurnick J, Kimura M, Aviv H, Warram JH. et al. Shortened telomere length in white blood cells of patients with IDDM. Diabetes 1998; 47: 482-6.
- 17. Uziel O, Singer JA, Danicek V, Sahar G, Berkov E, Luchansky M. et al. Telomere dynamics in arteries and mononuclear cells of diabetic patients: effect of diabetes and of glycemic control. Exp Gerontol 2007; 42: 971-8.
- 18. Fyhrquist F, Tiitu A, Saijonmaa O, Forsblom C, Groop P-H, FinnDiane Study Group. Telomere length and progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Intern Med 2010; 267: 278-86.
- 19. Astrup AS, Tarnow L, Jorsal A, Lajer M, Nzietchueng R, Benetos A. et al. Telomere length predicts all-cause mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53: 45-8.
- 20. Colmegna I, Diaz-Borjon A, Fujii H, Schaefer L, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. Defective proliferative capacity and accelerated telomeric loss of hematopoietic progenitor cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008; 58: 990-1000.
- 21. Cawthon RM. Telomere length measurement by a novel monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR method. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37: e21-21.
- 22. Buxton JL, Walters RG, Visvikis-Siest S, Meyre D, Froguel P, Blakemore AIF. Childhood obesity is associated with shorter leukocyte telomere length. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96: 1500-5.
- 23. Aviv A, Valdes AM, Spector TD. Human telomere biology: pitfalls of moving from the laboratory to epidemiology. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35: 1424-9.
- 24. Domínguez C, Ruiz E, Gussinye M, Carrascosa A. Oxidative stress at onset and in early stages of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1736-42.
- 25. Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC, Lu Z, Holick MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 690-3.
- 26. Liu JJ, Prescott J, Giovannucci E, Hankinson SE, Rosner B, Han J. et al. Plasma vitamin D biomarkers and leukocyte telomere length. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 177: 1411-7.
- 27. Martínez P, Gómez-López G, García F, Mercken E, Mitchell S, Flores JM. et al. RAP1 protects from obesity through its extratelomeric role regulating gene expression. Cell Rep 2013; 3: 2059-74.