3. Kalus AA, Chien AJ, Olerud JE. Diabetes mellitus and other endocrine diseases. In: Wolf K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrist BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, editors. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in generale medicine. 7th edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill Med; 2008. p. 1461-70.
4. Olek-Hrab K, Silny W, Zaba R, Osmola-Mankowska A, Machiewicz-Wysocka M, Danczak-Pazdrowska A. Co-occurrrence of acanthosis nigricans and bladder adenocarcinoma - case report. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2013;17(3):327-30.
6. Barbato MT, Criado PR, Silva AK, Averbeck E, Guerine MB, Sa NB. Association of acanthosis nigricans and skin tags with insulin resistence. An Bras Dermatol 2012;87(1):97-104.10.1590/S0365-0596201200010001222481657
7. Munoz-Perez MA, Camacho F. Acanthosis nigricans: a new cutaneous sign in sever atopic dermatitis and Down syndrome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:325-7.10.1046/j.1468-3083.2001.00239.x
9. Pollitzer S. Acanthosis nigricans. In: Unna PG, Morris M, Besnier E, et al, editors. International atlas of rare skin disease. London: HK Lewis and Co; 1891. Chapter 10; p. 1-3.
10. Janovsky V. Acanthosis nicricans. In: Unna PG, Morris M, Besnier E, et al, editors. International atlas of rare skin diseases. London; HK Lewis and Co; 1891. Chapter 11; p. 4-5.
12. Curth HO. The necessity of distinguishing four types of acanthosis nigricans. In: Jadassohn W, Schirren CG, editors. Proceedings of XIII International Congress of Dermatology; 1967 Jul 31-Aug 5; Munchen, Germany. Berlin: Springer–Verlag; 1968. p. 557-8.
13. Van Hagen P, Wijnhoven BPL, Torcque LA, Tilanus HW, van Lanschort JJB, Prens EP. Paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans, Leser-Trelat and tripe palms associated with gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a case report. J Med Cas 2011;2(5):197-200.
15. Kondo Y, Umegaki N, Terao M, Murota H, Kimura T, Karayama I. A case of generalized acanthosis nigricans with positive lupus erythematosus-related autoantibodies and antimicrosomal antibody: autoimmune acanthosis nigricans? Case Rep Dermatol 2012;4(1):85-91.
16. Sawatkar GU, Dogra S, Bhadada SK, Kanwar AJ. Acanthosis nigricans – an uncommon cutaneous adverse effects of a common medication: report of two cases. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2013;79:553.10.4103/0378-6323.11311223760338
17. Erickson L, Lipschutz DE, Wrigley W, Kearse WO. A peculiar cutaneous reaction to repeated injections of insulin. JAMA 1969;209:934-5.10.1001/jama.1969.03160190056019
18. Brinca A, Cardoso JC, Brites MM, Tellechea O, Figueiredo A. Florid cutaneous papillomatosis and acanthosis nigricans maligna revealing gastric adenocarcinoma. An Bras Dermatol 2011;86(3):573-7.10.1590/S0365-05962011000300025
20. Ortega-Loayza AG, Ramos W, Gutierrez EL, Paz PC, Bobbio L, Galarza C. Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancies in tertiary health care hospital of a developing country. An Bras Dermatol 2010;85:736-42.10.1590/S0365-0596201000050002621152807
21. DeWitt CA, Buescher LS, Stone SP. Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignant diseases: cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes. In: Wolf K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrist BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, editors. Fitzpatrick’s dermatology in general medicine. 7th edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill Med; 2008. p. 1493-507.
22. Jakubovic BD, Sawires HF, Adam DN. Occult cause of paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans in a patient with known breast DCIS: case and review. Curr Oncol 2012;19(4):e299-302.10.3747/co.19.997
23. Abu-Safieh Y, Khelfa S. Acanthosis nigricans: aA presentation of gastric adenocarcinoma. Arab J Gasroenterol 2011:12:156-7.10.1016/j.ajg.2011.04.001
28. Schulmann K, Strate K, Pox CP, Wieland U, Kreuter A. Paraneoplastic acanthosis nigricans with cutaneous and mucosal papillomatosis preceding recurrence of a gastric adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(32):e325-6.10.1200/JCO.2012.42.545423008315
30. Pentenero M, Carrozzo M, Pagano M, Gandolfo S. Oral acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms and sign of Leser-Trelat in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma. Int J Dermatol 2004;43:530-2.10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02159.x15230897
32. Lenzner U, Ramsauer J, Petzoldt W, Meigel W. Acanthosis nigricans maligna. Case report and review of the literature. Hautarzt 1998;49:41-7.10.1007/s0010500506999522192
34. Kleikamp S, Bohm M, Frosch P, Brinkmeier T. Acanthosis nigricans, papillomatosis mucosae aund „tripe palms“ in a patient with metastasized carcinoma. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2006;131(21):1209-13.10.1055/s-2006-94175316721709
36. Kaminska-Winciorek G, Brzezinska-Wcislo L, Lis-Swiety A, Krauze E. Paraneoplastic type of acanthosis nigricans in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Med Sci 2007;52:254-6.
38. Costa MC, Martinez NS, Belicha MG, Leal F. Acanthosis nigricans and ”tripe palm” as paraneoplastic manifestations of metastatic tumor. An Bras Dermatol 2012;87(3):498-500.10.1590/S0365-05962012000300030
39. Yang YH, Zhang RZ, Kang DH, Zhu WY. Three paraneoplastic signs in the same patient with gastric adenocarcinoma. Dermatol Online J 2013;19(7):18966.10.5070/D3197018966
41. Kebria MM, Belinson J, Kim R, Mekhail TM. Malignant acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms and sign of Leser-Trelat, a hint to the diagnosis of early stage ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 2006;101(2):353-5.10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.12.02416443260
48. Saeed H, Massarweh S. Images in clinical medicine. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy and tripe palms. N Engl J Med 2012;366(4):360.10.1056/NEJMicm111086222276825
53. Fabroni C, Gimma A, Cardinali C, Scocco GL. Tripe palms associated with malignant acanthosis nigricans in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J 2012;18(11):15.10.5070/D37BH1H290
54. Heaphy MR, Millns JL, Schroeter AL. The sign of Leser-Trelat in a case of adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43(2 Pt 2):386-90.10.1067/mjd.2000.10496710901731
55. Haase I, Hunzelmann N. Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor/ERK signaling correlates with suppressed differentiation in malignant acanthosis nigricans. J Invest Dermatol 2002:118(5):891-3.10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.17631.x11982771
56. Ghosh U, Thomas M, Mathai S. Syndrome of insulin resistance with acanthosis nigricans, acral hypertrophy and muscle cramps in an adolescent – a rare diagnosis revised. Indian J Pediatr 2014;81(12):1389-91.10.1007/s12098-014-1503-724912440
58. Koyama S, Ikeda K, Sato M, Shibahara K, Yuhara K, Fukutomi H, et al. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha)-producing gastric carcinoma with acanthosis nigricans: an endocrine effect of TGF alpha in the pathogenesis of cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome and epithelial hyperplasia of the esophagus. J Gastroenterol 1997;32(1):71-7.10.1007/BF012132999058298
60. Akovbyan VA, Talanin NI, Arifov SS, Tukhvatullina ZG, Musabayev AN, Baybekov IM, et al. Successful treatment of acanthosis nigricans with etretinate. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:118-20.10.1016/S0190-9622(09)80242-9
61. Bohm M, Luger TA, Metze D. Treatment of mixed-type acanthosis nigricans with topical calcipotriol. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:932-4.10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02538.x9893209
62. Zayed A, Sobhi RM, Abdel Halim DM. Using trichloroacetic acid in the treatment of acanthosis nigricans: a pilot study. J Dermatol Treat 2014;25(3):223-5.10.3109/09546634.2012.67419422494198