References
- ALFARO, R. I. (1996): Feeding and oviposition preferences of white pine weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce clones in laboratory bioassays. Environ. Entomol. 25(5): 1012-1019.10.1093/ee/25.5.1012
- ALFARO, R. I., R. G. BROWN, K. J. MITCHELL, K. R. POLSSON and R. N. MACDONALD (1996): SWAT: A decision support system for spruce weevil management. In: Decision Support Systems for Forest Pest Management - Proceedings of a workshop of the Entomological Societies of Canada and British Columbia, Oct. 17, 1995, Victoria, B.C. (Eds. Shore, T.L. and Maclean, D.A.). FRDA Report No. 260. pp 31-41.
- ALFARO, R. I., F. HE, E. TOMLIN and G. KISS (1997): White spruce resistance to white pine weevil related to bark resin canal density. Can. J. Bot. 75: 568-573.10.1139/b97-063
- BISHIR, J. and J. H. ROBERDS (1995): Analysis of time to failure in clonally propagated plant populations. Math. Biosci. 125: 109-125.10.1016/0025-5564(94)00030-4
- BISHIR, J. and J. H. ROBERDS (1997): Limit theorems and a general framework for risk analysis in clonal forestry. Math. Biosci. 142: 1-11.
- BISHIR, J. and J. H. ROBERDS (1999): On numbers of clones needed for managing risks in clonal forestry. Forest Genet. 6: 149-155.
- BISHIR, J., K. R. POLSSON, J. RUSSELL and A. D. YANCHUK (2006): BC Weevil: A simulation model of the joint population dynamics between spruce weevil and Sitka spruce, over the lifetime of a plantation. (In preparation).
- BURKHART, H. E., K. D. FARRAR, R. L. AMATEIS and R. F. DANIELS (1987): Simulation of individual tree growth and development in loblolly pine plantations on cutover, site-prepared areas. Publication No. FWS-1-87, School of Forestry and Wildlife Resources, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
- COULSON, R. N., R. M. FELDMAN, P. J. H. SHARPE, P. E. PULLEY, T. L. WAGNER and T. L. PAYNE (1989): An overview of the TAMBEETLE model of Dendroctonus frontalis population dynamics. Holarctic Ecology 12: 445-450.
- DAVIS, P. M. and D.W. ONSTAD (2000): Seed mixtures as a resistant management strategy for European corn borers (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infesting transgenic corn expressing Cry1Ab protein. J. Econ. Entom. 93: 937-948.
- DIXON, W. N. and M.W. HOUSEWEART (1982): Life tables of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), in central Maine. Environ. Entomol. 11: 555-564.10.1093/ee/11.3.555
- DIXON, W. N. and M.W. HOUSEWEART (1983): Spring temporal and spatial activity patterns of adult white pine weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Maine. Environ. Entomol. 12: 43-49.
- GARA, R. I., R. L. CARLSON and B. F. HRUTFIORD (1971): Influence of some physical and host factors on the behaviour of the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes sitchensis, in south-western Washington. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 467-471.
- GOULD, F. (1986): Simulation models for predicting durability of insect-resistant germplasm: Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)-resistant winter wheat. Environ. Entomol. 15: 10-23.10.1093/ee/15.1.11
- HERMS, D. A. and W. J. MATTSON (1992): The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quar. Rev. Biol. 67: 283-335.
- HARTL, D. L. and A. G. CLARK (1989): Principles of Population Genetics. Sinauer Assoc., Inc., Sunderland. 682 pp.
- KENNEDY, G. G. and J. D. BARBOUR (1992): Resistance variation in natural and managed systems. In: Plant resistance to herbivores and pathogens. (Eds. FRITZ, R. S. and SIMMS, E. L.) pp. 13-43. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, Il.
- KISS, G. and A. D. YANCHUK (1991): Preliminary evaluation of genetic variation of weevil resistance of interior spruce in British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 21: 230-234.
- KING, J. N., A. D. YANCHUK, G. KISS and R. I. ALFARO (1997): Genetic and phenotypic relationships between weevil resistance and height growth in spruce populations of British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 732-739.
- KING, J. N., R. I. ALFARO and C. CARTWRIGHT (2004): Genetic resistance of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) populations to the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)): distribution of resistance. Forestry 77: 269-278.
- LI, C. C. (1977): Path analysis - a primer. 2nd Ed. Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove. 347 pp.
- LIBBY, W. J. (1982): What is a safe number of clones? In: Resistance to Disease and Pests in Forest Trees. (Eds. HEYBROEK, H., STEPHAN, B. and von WEISSENBERG, K.). Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on the Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry. pp. 342-360. Wageningen, The Netherlands, Sept. 1980.
- LIBBY, W. J. and R. M. RAUTER (1984): Advantages of clonal forestry. Forestry Chronicle. June, pp. 145-149.10.5558/tfc60145-3
- LIBBY, W. J. (1990): Advantages of clonal forestry revisited. In: Section 5: Genetic Improvement, Vegetative Propagation: Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of Western Forest Genetics and IUFRO Working Parties S.2.02-05, -06, -12, -14, Douglas-fir, Contorta Pine, Sitka Spruce and Abies Genetic Research, 20-24 Aug. 1990, Olympia, WA. pp. 18-29.
- LIH, M. P., F. M. STEPHEN and K. J. JENG (1995): SPBMODEL A User’s Guide. Offprint, Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
- LINDGREN, D. and F. PRESCHER (2005). Optimal clone numbers for seed orchards with tested clones. Silvae Genetica. 54: 80-92.
- MCMULLEN, L. H. (1976): Effect of temperature on oviposition and brood development of Pissodes strobi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Can. Ent. 108: 1167-1172.
- MITCHELL, K. J. (1975): Dynamics and simulated yield of Douglas-fir. For. Sci. Monogr. 17. 39 pp.
- MITCHELL, K. J. and I. R. CAMERON (1985): Managed stand yield tables for coastal Douglas-fir: initial density and precommercial thinning. Land Management Report No. 31. Province of British Columbia.
- MITCHELL, K. J., R. M. KELLOGG and K. R. POLSSON (1989): Silvicultural treatments and end-product value. In: Second growth Douglas-fir: Its management and conversion for value. A report of the Douglas-fir Task Force, (Ed. KELLOGG, R. M.). Forintek Canada Corp. Spec. Publ. No. SP-32, Vancouver, B.C. pp. 130-167.
- MUHS, H.-J. (1993): Policies, regulations and laws affecting clonal forestry. In: Clonal Forestry, Vol. 2 (Eds. AHUJA, M. and LIBBY, W. J.) pp. 215-227. Springer-Verlag.
- OVERHULSER, D. L. and R. I. GARA (1981): Site and host factors affecting the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), in western Washington. Environ. Entomol. 10: 611-614.
- PILSON, D. (2000): The evolution of plant response to herbivory: simultaneously considering resistance and tolerance in Brassica rapa. Evol. Ecol. 14: 457-489.
- POWELL, J. A., J. A. LOGAN and B. J. BENTZ (1996): Local projections for a global model of mountain pine beetle attacks. J. Theor. Biol. 179: 243-260.
- ROBERDS, J. H., G. NAMKOONG and T. SKROPPA (1990): Genetic analysis of risk in clonal populations of forest trees. Theor. Appl. Genet. 79: 841-848.
- ROBERDS, J. H. and J. BISHIR (1997): Risk analyses in clonal forestry. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 425-432.
- SAHOTA, T., J. F. MANVILLE and E. WHITE (1994): Interaction between Sitka spruce weevil and its host, Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.: A new mechanism for resistance. Can. Entom. 126: 1067-1074.
- SAS INSTITUTE INC. (1999-2001): Release 8.02e. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
- SILVER, G. T. (1968): Studies on the Sitka spruce weevil, Pissodes sitchensis, in British Columbia. Can. Entom. 100: 93-110.
- STEPHEN, F. M. and M. P. LIH (1985): A Dendroctonus frontalis infestation growth model: organization, refinement, and utilization, pp. 186-194. In: (Eds. BRANHAM, S. B. and THATCHER, R. C.). Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Proceedings. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Forest Service, Asheville, NC., USA, General Technical Report SO-56.
- STEVENSON, R. E. (1967): Notes on the biology of the Engelmann spruce weevil, Pissodes engelmannii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and its parasites and predators. Can. Ent. 99: 201-213.
- STORER, N. P., S. L. PECK, F. GOULD, J.W. VAN DUYN and G. G. KENNEDY (2003): Spatial processes in the evolution of resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bt transgenic corn and cotton in a mixed agroecosystem: a biology-rich stochastic simulation model. Jour. Econ. Ent. 96: 156-172.
- SULLIVAN, C. R. (1960): The effect of physical factors on the activity and development of adults and larvae of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck). Can. Ent. 92: 732-745.
- TANG, J. E., H. L. COLLINS, T. D. METZ, E. D. EARLE, J. Z. ZHAO, R. T. ROUSH and A. M. SHELTON (2001): Greenhouse tests on resistance management of Bt transgenic plants using refuge strategies. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 240-247.10.1603/0022-0493-94.1.240
- TOMLIN, E. S. and J. H. BORDEN (1996): Feeding responses of the white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in relation to host resistance in British Columbia. Can. Ent. 128: 539-543.
- TOMLIN, E. S., R. I. ALFARO, J. H. BORDEN and F. HE (1997): Histological response of resistant and susceptible white spruce to simulated white pine damage. Tree Physiol. 18: 21-28.
- TOMLIN, E. S., E. ANTONEJEVIC, R. I. ALFARO and J. H. BORDEN (2000): Changes in volatile terpene and diterpene resin acid composition of resistant and susceptible white spruce leaders exposed to simulated white pine weevil damage. Tree Physiol. 20: 1087-1095.10.1093/treephys/20.16.1087