Variation in Eucalyptus globulus LABILL. and E. nitens DEAN and MAIDEN in Susceptibility of Adult Foliage to Disease Caused by Mycosphaerella cryptica (COOKE) HANSF

Carnegie, A. J.; Ades, P. K.

doi:10.1515/sg-2005-0026

Abstract

Severity of disease caused by Mycosphaerella cryptica (COOK) HANSF. was assessed on the adult foliage of Eucalyptus globulus LABILL. in two provenance trials (encompassing all four subspecies) and a progeny trial of E. globulus ssp. globulus LABILL. located in Victoria, Australia. Disease was relatively low in all trials (most trees with less than 15% crown severity), except for two provenances at one trial, Judbury (E. globulus ssp. globulus) and Mansfield (E. globulus ssp. bicostata), that had mean crown severities of approximately 25% and 40%, respectively. Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata (MAIDEN et al.) KIRKPATR. was significantly (P < 0.01) more susceptible than E. globulus ssp. globulus, E. globulus ssp. pseudoglobulus (NAUDIN ex MAIDEN) KIRKPATR. and E. globulus ssp. maidenii (F. MUELL.) KIRKPATR., with subspecies maidenii significantly less diseased than all other subspecies. There was significant variation between provenances within subspecies globulus (P < 0.01) but not within subspecies pseudoglobulus, maidenii or bicostata. Subspecies globulus also showed significant (P < 0.01) variation between families. There was a moderate to high genetic correlation between disease of the adult foliage and disease of the juvenile foliage (caused by both M. cryptica and M. nubilosa (COOKE) HANSF.) assessed several years earlier, both at the provenance (r_G = 0.67) and family (r_G = 0.33) levels. Narrow sense heritability of disease of the adult foliage (M. cryptica) was low (h² = 0.17), compared to that of the juvenile foliage (h² = 0.35) and juvenile defoliation (h² = 0.45) assessed previously. Selection for overall disease resistance (both adult- and juvenile-phase foliage) can be carried out more quickly and accurately at the juvenile stage when trees are 2-3 years old, potentially reducing the time required for resistant trees to be selected and deployed in the field. Mycosphaerella leaf disease on adult E. nitens (DEAN and MAIDEN) MAIDEN was also assessed in two provenance trials; however, there was very little disease observed and no significant differences were found between provenances.

References

AHUMADA, R., G. HUNTER, B. D. WINGFIELD and M. J. WINGFIELD (2003): Molecular and morphological identification of Mycosphaerella spp. associated with Eucalyptus leaf disease in Chile. In: 8th International Congress of Plant Pathology: Solving problems in the real world. Proceedings, 2-7 Feb. 2003, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BARBER, P. A. (2005): A taxonomic study of foliar diseases of eucalypts in plantations and native forests of southeastern Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, La Trobe University, Australia.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BARBER, P. A. and P. J. KEANE (2001): Foliar diseases of blue gum plantations and eucalypts in native forest of south-eastern Australia. In: 13th Biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Conference Hand Book, Cairns, Australia, p. 151.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
BORRALHO, N. M. G., P. P. COTTERILL and P. J. KANOWSKI (1992): Genetic parameters and gains expected from selection for dry weight in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus in Portugal. For. Sc. 38: 80-94.10.1093/forestscience/38.1.80
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J. and P. K. ADES (2001): Added phosphorus is associated with reduced severity of Mycosphaerella cryptica in Eucalyptus globulus. Aust. For. 64: 203-208.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J. and P. K. ADES (2002): The proportion of leaf spots caused by Mycosphaerella cryptica and M. nubilosa on Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens and their F1 hybrids in a family trial in Tasmania, Australia. Aust. Mycol. 2: 53-63.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J. and P. K. ADES (2003): Mycosphaerella leaf disease reduces growth of plantation-grown Eucalyptus globulus. Aust. For. 66: 113-119.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J., P. K. ADES, P. J. KEANE and I. W. SMITH (1998): Mycosphaerella diseases of juvenile foliage in a eucalypt species and provenance trial in Victoria, Australia. Aust. For. 61: 190-194.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J., I. G. JOHNSON and M. HENSON (2004): Variation among provenances and families of blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) in early growth and susceptibility to damage from leaf spot fungi. Can. J. For. Res. 34: 2314-2326.10.1139/x04-114
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J. and P. K. KEANE (2003): Variation in severity of target spot, caused by Aulographina eucalypti, in a eucalypt species and provenance trial in Victoria. Aust. Plant. Path. 32: 393-402.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CARNEGIE, A. J., P. J. KEANE, P. K. ADES and I. W. SMITH (1994): Provenance variation in Eucalyptus globulus in susceptibility to Mycosphaerella leaf disease. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1751-1757.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CHEAH, L. H. (1977): Aerobiology and epidemiology of Mycosphaerella nubilosa (CKE) HANSF. on Eucalyptus spp. Master of Forest Science. University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CROUS, P. W. and M. J. WINGFIELD (1996): Species of Mycosphaerella and their anamorphs associated with leaf blotch disease of Eucalyptus in South Africa. Mycologia 88: 441-458.10.2307/3760885
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
CROUS, P. W., A. J. CARNEGIE and P. J. KEANE (1995): IMI descriptions of fungi and bacteria, set 121. Mycosphaerella cryptica, M. delegatensis, M. gracilis, M. heimii, M. marksii, M. molleriana, M. parkii, M. suberosa, M. swartii, M. walkeri. Mycopath. 130: 43-64.10.1007/BF01104349
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DICK, M. (1982): Leaf-inhabiting fungi of eucalypts in New Zealand. NZ J. For. Sci. 12: 525-537.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DUNGEY, H. S., B. M. POTTS, A. J. CARNEGIE and P. K. ADES (1997): Mycosphaerella leaf diseases: Genetic variation in damage to Eucalyptus nitens, E. globulus and their F1 hybrid. Can. J. For. Sci. 27: 750-759.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
DUTKOWSKI, G. W., and B. M. POTTS (1999): Geographic patterns of genetic variation in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus and a revised racial classification. Aust. J. Bot. 47: 237-263.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HAZEL, L. N., M. L. BAKER and C. F. REINMILLER (1943): Genetic and environmental correlations between the growth rates of pigs at different ages. J. Animal Sci. 2: 118-128.10.2527/jas1943.22118x
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HOOD, I. A., J. F. GARDNER and M. O. KIMBERLEY (2002): Variation among eucalypt species in early susceptibility to the leaf spot fungi Phaeophleospora eucalypti and Mycosphaerella spp. NZ J. For. Sci. 32: 235-255.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
HUNTER, G. C., P. W. CROUS, J. ROUX, B. D. WINGFIELD and M. J. WINGFIELD (2004): Identification of Mycosphaerel- la spp. associated with leaf disease of Eucalyptus nitens in South Africa. Aust. Plant Path. 33: 349-355.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
JORDAN, G. J., N. M. G. BORRALHO, P. TILYARD and B. M. POTTS (1994): Identification of races in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus based on growth traits in Tasmania and geographic distribution. Silvae Genet. 43: 292-298.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
JORDAN, G. J., B. M. POTTS, J. B. KIRKPATRICK and C. GARDINER (1993): Variation in the Eucalyptus globulus complex revisited. Aust. J. Bot. 41: 763-785.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KIRKPATRICK, J. B. (1974): The numerical intraspecific taxonomy of Eucalyptus globulus LABILL. (Myrtaceae). Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 69: 89-104.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
KULARATNE, H. A. G. C, A. C. LAWRIE, P. A. BARBER and P. J. KEANE (2004): A specific primer PCR and RFLP assay for the rapid detection and differentiation in planta of some Mycosphaerella species associated with foliar diseases of Eucalyptus globulus. Mycol. Res. 108: 1476-1493.10.1017/S0953756204000759
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
LUNDQUIST, J. E. and R. C. PURNELL (1987): Effects of Mycosphaerella leaf spot on growth of Eucalyptus nitens. Plant Dis. 71: 1025-1029.10.1094/PD-71-1025
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MARKS, G. C., B. A. FUHRER and N. E. M. WALTERS (1982): Tree diseases in Victoria. Forest Commission Victoria Handbook No. 1. Melbourne: Forests Commission, Victoria.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MAXWELL, A., B. DELL, H. G. NEUMEISTER-KEMP and HARDY, G. E. ST J. (2003): Mycosphaerella species associated with Eucalyptus in south-western Australia: new species, new records and a key. Mycol. Res. 107: 351-359.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MILGATE, A. W., Z. Q. YUAN, R. E. VAILLANCOURT and C. MOHAMMED (2001): Mycosphaerella species occurring on Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens plantations of Tasmania, Australia. For. Path. 31: 53-63.10.1046/j.1439-0329.2001.00222.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MORAN, G. F. and J. C. BELL (1983): Eucalyptus. In: Isozymes in plants, genetics and breeding, Part B. Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 423-441.10.1016/B978-0-444-42227-9.50024-X
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NEUMANN, F. G. and G. C. MARKS (1976): A synopsis of important pests and diseases in Australian forests and forest nurseries. Aust. For. 39: 83-102.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
NICHOL, N. S., M. J. WINGFIELD and W. J. SWART (1992): Differences in susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Phaeoseptoria eucalypti. Euro. J. For. Path. 22: 418-423.10.1111/j.1439-0329.1992.tb00315.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PARK, R. F. (1988a): Effect of certain host, innoculum, and environmental factors on infection of Eucalyptus species by two Mycosphaerella species. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 90: 221-228.10.1016/S0007-1536(88)80093-7
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PARK, R. F. (1988b): Epidemiology of Mycosphaerella nubilosa and M. cryptica on Eucalyptus species in south-eastern Victoria. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 91: 261-266.10.1016/S0007-1536(88)80213-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PARK, R. F. and P. J. KEANE (1982a): Three Mycosphaerella species from leaf diseases of Eucalyptus. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 79: 95-100.10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80194-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PARK, R. F. and P. J. KEANE (1982b): Leaf diseases of Eucalyptus associated with three Mycosphaerella species. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 79: 101-115.10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80195-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
POTTS, B. M., and G. J. JORDAN (1994): Genetic variation in the juvenile leaf morphology of Eucalyptus globulus LABILL. ssp globulus. For. Genet. 1: 81-95.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
PURNELL, R. C. and J. E. LINDQUIST (1986): Provenance variation of Eucalyptus nitens on the Eastern Traansvaal Highveld in South Africa. S. Af. For. J. 138: 23-31.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
REINOSO, C. (1992): Variation in Eucalyptus globulus in susceptibility to Mycosphaerella leaf diseases. Master of Forest Science. The University of Melbourne, Australia.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SAS (1996): SAS/STAT Software, Changes and Enhancements through Release 6.11. SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
SQUILLACE, A. E. (1974): Average genetic correlations among offspring from open-pollinated forest trees. Silvae Genet. 23: 159-156.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STEFANATOS, A. (1993): A study of the severity of leaf parasites on Eucalyptus globulus in a progeny trial and E. regnans in a silvicultural systems trial. B. Sc. Honours, La Trobe University, Australia.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STONE, C., T. WARDLAW, R. FLOYD, A. J. CARNEGIE, R. WYLIE and D. DE LITTLE (2003a): Harmonisation of Methodologies for the Assessment and Reporting of Forest Health in Australia - A Starting Point. Aust. For. 66: 233-246.10.1080/00049158.2003.10674918
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
STONE, C., M. MATSUKI and A. J. CARNEGIE (2003b): Pest and disease assessment in young eucalypt plantations: field manual for using the Crown Damage Index, ed. PARSON, M. National Forest Inventory, Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
VOLKER, P. W. and R. K. ORME (1988): Provenance trials of Eucalyptus globulus and related species in Tasmania. Aust. For. 51: 257-265.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
VOLKER, P. W. and C. A. RAYMOND (1989): Potential for breeding eucalypts in Tasmania. Appita 42: 198-199.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
VOLKER, P. W., C. A. DEAN, W. N. TIBBITS and I. C. RAVENWOOD (1990): Genetic parameters and gains expected from selection in Eucalyptus globulus in Tasmania. Silvae Genet. 39: 18-21.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WALL, E. and P. J. KEANE (1984): Leaf spot of Eucalyptus caused by Aulographina eucalypti. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 82: 257-273.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WILCOX, M. D. (1982a): Preliminary selection of suitable provenances of Eucalyptus regnans for New Zealand. NZ J. For. Sci. 12: 468-479.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WILCOX, M. D. (1982b): Selection of genetically superior Eucalyptus regnans using family tests. NZ J. For. Sci. 12: 480-493.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WILLIAMS, K. S. and M. I. H. BROOKER (1989): Eucalypts: an introduction. Eucalypt ecology: Individuals to ecosystems (ed. By J. W. WILLIAMS and J. C. Z. WOINARSKI), pp 1-15. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
WHITE, T. L. and G. R. HODGE (1989): Predicting breeding values with applications in forest tree improvement. For. Sci. 33: 173-207.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
YANG, R-C., N. K. Dhir, F. C. YEH and Y. HIRATSUKA (1997): Geographic variation in susceptibility of Alberta lodgepole pine to western gall rust. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 1398-1405.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ZAR, J. H. (1996): Biostatistical analysis. Third Edition. Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
ZHANG, J. W., N. B. KLOPPENSTEIN and G. W. PETERSON (1996): Genetic variation in disease resistance of Juniperus virginiana and J. scopulorum grown in Eastern Nebraska. Silvae Genet. 46: 11-16.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Variation in Eucalyptus globulus LABILL. and E. nitens DEAN and MAIDEN in Susceptibility of Adult Foliage to Disease Caused by Mycosphaerella cryptica (COOKE) HANSF

Abstract

Paradigm

My account