References
- CASTELAN-ESTRADA, M., VIVIN, P. and GAUDILLERE, J. P. (2002): Allometric relationships to estimate seasonal above-ground vegetative and reproductive biomass of Vitis vinifera L. Ann. Bot. 89: 401-408.
- COX, R. M. and MALCOLM, J.W. (1997): Effects of duration of a simulated winter thaw on dieback and xylem conductivity of Betula papyrifera. Tree Physiol. 17: 389-396.10.1093/treephys/17.6.389
- CUNNINGHAM, F. E. (1953): Rooting ability of native cottonwoods depends on the clone used. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note NWRN-2.
- DESROCHERS, A., LANDHÄUSSER, S. M. and LIEFFERS, V. J. (2002): Coarse and fine root respiration in aspen (Populus tremuloides). Tree Physiol. 22: 725-732.10.1093/treephys/22.10.725
- DICKMANN, D. I. (2001): An overview of the genus Populus, pp. 1-42. In: D. I. DICKMANN, J. G. ISEBRANDS, J. E. ECKENWALDER, and J. RICHARDSON (eds.). Poplar culture in North America. Part A, Chapter 1. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- FALCONER, D. S. and MACKAY, T. F. C. (1989): Introduction to quantitative genetics. Fourth Edition, Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England.
- FARMER, R. E., JR., FREITAG, M. and GARLICK, K. (1989): Genetic variance and “C” effects in balsam poplar rooting. Silvae Genet. 38: 62-65.
- FEGE, A. S. and BROWN, G. N. (1984): Carbohydrate distribution in dormant Populus shoots and hardwood cuttings. For. Sci. 30: 999-1010.
- HAISSIG, B. E., DAVIS, T. D. and RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E. (1992): Researching the controls of adventitious rooting. Physiol. Plant. 84: 310-317.
- HANSEN, E. A. (1986): Planting date affects survival and height growth of hybrid poplar. For. Chron. 62: 164-169.10.5558/tfc62164-3
- HANSEN, E. A., MOORE, L., NETZER, D. A., OSTRY, M., PHIPPS, H. and ZAVITKOVSKI, J. (1983): Establishing intensively cultured hybrid poplar plantations for fuel and fiber. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NC-GTR-78.10.2737/NC-GTR-78
- HARVEY, H. P. and VAN DEN DRIESSCHE, R. (1999): Poplar nutrient resorption in fall or drought: influence of nutrient status and clone. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 1916-1925.
- HEILMAN, P. E. (1999): Planted forests: poplars. New Forests 17: 89-93.10.1023/A:1006515204167
- HEILMAN, P. E., EKUAN, G. and FOGLE, D. B. (1994): Above- and below-ground biomass and fine roots of 4-year-old hybrids of Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides and parental species in short-rotation culture. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1186-1192.
- HUSAIN, S. A., ROSE, D.W. and ARCHIBALD, S. O. (1998): Identifying agricultural sites for biomass energy production in Minnesota. Biomass Bioenergy 15: 423-435.10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00059-2
- ISEBRANDS, J. G. and KARNOSKY, D. F. (2001): Environmental benefits of poplar culture, pp. 207-218. In: D. I. DICKMANN, J. G. ISEBRANDS, J. E. ECKENWALDER and J. RICHARDSON (eds.). Poplar culture in North America. Part A, Chapter 6. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- JENKINSON, J. L. (1980): Improving plantation establishment by optimizing growth capacity and planting time of western yellow pines. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. PSW-RP-154.10.2737/PSW-RP-154
- KNOWE, S. A., FOSTER, G. S., ROUSSEAU, R. J. and NANCE, W. L. (1998): Height-age and height-diameter relationships for monocultures and mixtures of eastern cottonwood clones. For. Ecol. Manage. 106: 115-123.
- LANDHÄUSSER, S. M., DESROCHERS, A. and LIEFFERS, V. J.(2001): A comparison of growth and physiology in Picea glauca and Populus tremuloides at different soil temperatures. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1922-1929.
- LOBIT, P., SOING, P., GENARD, M. and HABIB, R. (2001): Effects of timing of nitrogen fertilization on shoot development in peach (Prunus persica) trees. Tree Physiol. 21: 35-42.10.1093/treephys/21.1.3511260822
- LU, H.Y., LU, C. T., CHAN, L. F. and WEI, M. L. (2001): Seasonalvariation in linear increase of taro harvest index explained by growing degree days. Agron. J. 93: 1136-1141.
- LUOMAJOKI, A. J. (1995): Phenological measurements of microsporogenesis in trees. Tree Physiol. 15: 499-505.10.1093/treephys/15.7-8.49914965934
- NEWMAN, J. E., BLAIR, B. O., DALE, R. F., SMITH, L. H., STIRM, W. L. and SCHAAL, L. A. (1968): Growing degree days. Crops Soils December: 9-12.
- PIVA, R. J. (2003): Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1999. USDA For. Serv. Resour. Bul. NC-RB-214.10.2737/NC-RB-214
- RHODENBAUGH, E. J. and PALLARDY, S. G. (1993): Water stress, photosynthesis and early growth patterns of cuttings of three Populus clones. Tree Physiol. 13: 213-226.10.1093/treephys/13.3.213
- RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E. and BAUER, E. O. (1997): Quantitative genetic analysis of adventitious root forming ability in Populus trichocarpa (TORR ET. GRAY), pp. 193-201. In: ALTMAN and WAISEL (eds). Biology of Root Formation and Development. Chapter 24. Plenum Press, New York.10.1007/978-1-4615-5403-5_36
- RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E., BERGUSON, W. E., DICKMANN, D. I., HALL, R. B., ISEBRANDS, J. G., MOHN, C. A., STANOSZ, G. R. and TUSKAN, G. A. (2001): Poplar breeding and testing strategiesin the north-central U.S.: demonstration of potential yield and consideration of future research needs. For. Chron. 77: 245-253.10.5558/tfc77245-2
- RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E. and MCMAHON, B. G. (1993): Genetic variation among Lake States balsam poplar populations is associated with geographic origin. For. Sci. 39: 130-136.
- RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E., MCMAHON, B. G. and OSTRY, M. E. (1992): Use of selection indices to increase tree height and to control damaging agents in 2-year-old balsam poplar. Can. J. For. Res. 22: 561-567.
- RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E., MCMAHON, B. G. and OSTRY, M. E. (1994): Population-dependent selection strategies needed for 2-year-old black cottonwood clones. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 1704-1710.
- SAS INSTITUTE, INC. (2000): SAS/STATTM User’s Guide. Version 8. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute, Inc.
- STANTURF, J. A., VAN OOSTEN, C., NETZER, D. A., COLEMAN, M. D. and PORTWOOD, C. J. (2001): Ecology and silviculture of poplar plantations, pp. 153-206. In: D. I. DICKMANN, J. G.
- ISEBRANDS, J. E. ECKENWALDER, and J. RICHARDSON (eds). Poplar culture in North America. Part A, Chapter 5. NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- TOLBERT, V. R. and WRIGHT, L. L. (1998): Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop technologies: research results to date. Biomass Bioenergy 15: 93-100.10.1016/S0961-9534(98)00005-1
- TSCHAPLINSKI, T. J., TUSKAN, G. A., GEBRE, G. M. and TODD, D. E. (1998): Drought resistance of two hybrid Populus clones grown in a large-scale plantation. Tree Physiol. 18: 653-658.10.1093/treephys/18.10.65312651414
- VINOCUR, M. G. and RITCHIE, J. T. (2001): Maize leaf development biases caused by air-apex temperature differences. Agron. J. 93: 767-772.
- WAN, X., LANDHÄUSSER, S. M., ZWIAZEK, J. J. and LIEFFERS, V. J. (1999): Root water flow and growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides) at low root temperatures. Tree Physiol. 19: 879-884.10.1093/treephys/19.13.87910562405
- WIERSUM, L. K. (1980): The effect of soil physical conditions on roots and uptake. Acta Hort. 92: 111-122.10.17660/ActaHortic.1980.92.15
- WILCOX, J. R. and FARMER, R. E., JR. (1967): Variation and inheritance of juvenile characters of eastern cottonwood. Silvae Genet. 16: 162-165.
- WILCOX, J.R. and FARMER, R. E., JR. (1968): Heritability and C effects in early root growth of eastern cottonwood cuttings. Heredity 23: 239-245.10.1038/hdy.1968.31
- WU, R.-L. and STETTLER, R. F. (1994): Quantitative genetics of growth and development in Populus. I. A three-generation comparison of tree architecture during the first two years of growth. Theor. Appl. Genet. 89: 1046-1054.
- WU, R.-L. and STETTLER, R. F. (1998): Quantitative genetics of growth and development in Populus. III. Phenotypic plasticity of crown structure and function. Heredity 81: 299-310.10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00397.x
- YING, C. C. and BAGLEY, W. T. (1977): Variation in rooting capability of Populus deltoides. Silvae Genet. 26: 204-207.
- ZALESNY, R. S., JR. (2003): Genetic and environmental effects on rooting ability of dormant unrooted hybrid poplar cuttings. PhD Dissertation, Iowa State Univ., Ames, Iowa.
- ZALESNY, R. S., JR., HALL, R. B., BAUER, E. O. and RIEMENSCHNEIDER, D. E. (2003): Shoot position affects root initiation and growth of dormant unrooted cuttings of Populus. Silvae Genet. 52: 273-279.