Factorizing the Changes in CO2 Emissions from Indian Road Passenger Transport: A Decomposition Analysis

Gupta, Monika; Singh, Sanjay

doi:10.1515/sbe-2016-0036

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to analyse the role of different factors responsible for CO₂ emission from Indian road passenger transport with the help of Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index over the period of 1971-2011. CO₂ emission increase is decomposed into five major factors - emission coefficient, transport energy intensity, transport activity, economic growth, and population. Findings suggest that economic growth, transport activity and population have a significant positive role in increasing CO₂ emission from road passenger transport, whereas energy intensity plays a negative role in CO₂ emission increase. Emission coefficient has also a negative role in CO₂ emission increase during all the periods except during 1971-81. Therefore, emission coefficient and energy intensity are the two most important factors for policy design and implementation to reduce CO₂ emission from the sector.

References

Agnolucci, P., Ekins, P., Iacopini, G., Anderson, K., Bows, A., Mander, S. and Shackley, S. (2009), “Different scenarios for achieving radical reduction in carbon emissions: A decomposition analysis”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 68 No. 6, pp. 1652–1666.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.09.005
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, B.. (2004), “Decomposition analysis for policymaking in energy”: Energy Policy, Vol. 32 No. 9, pp. 1131–1139.10.1016/S0301-4215(03)00076-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, B.W. (2005), “The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: a practical guide”, Energy Policy, Vol. 33 No. 7, pp. 867–871.10.1016/j.enpol.2003.10.010
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, B.W. and Choi, K.-H. (1997), “Decomposition of Aggregate Energy and Gas Emission Intensities for Industry: A Refined Divisia Index Method”, The Energy Journal, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 59–73.10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol18-No3-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, B.W. and Zhang, F.Q. (2000), “A survey of index decomposition analysis in energy and environmental studies”, Energy, Vol. 25 No. 12, pp. 1149–1176.10.1016/S0360-5442(00)00039-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, B.W., Zhang, F.Q. and Choi, K.-H. (1998), “Factorizing changes in energy and environmental indicators through decomposition”, Energy, Vol. 23 No. 6, pp. 489–495.10.1016/S0360-5442(98)00016-4
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ang, J.B. (2007), “CO₂ emissions, energy consumption, and output in France”, Energy Policy, Vol. 35 No. 10, pp. 4772–4778.10.1016/j.enpol.2007.03.032
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Boyd, G., McDonald, J.F., Ross, M. and Hanson, D.A. (1987), “Separating the Changing Composition of U.S. Manufacturing Production from Energy Efficiency Improvements: A Divisia Index Approach”, The Energy Journal, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 77–96.10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol8-No2-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chertow, M.R. (2000), “The IPAT Equation and Its Variants”, Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 4 No. 4, pp. 13–29.10.1162/10881980052541927
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Choi, K.-H. and Ang, B.W. (2012), “Attribution of changes in Divisia real energy intensity index — An extension to index decomposition analysis”, Energy Economics, Vol. 34 No. 1, pp. 171–176.10.1016/j.eneco.2011.04.011
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Diakoulaki, D., Mavrotas, G., Orkopoulos, D. and Papayannakis, L. (2006), “A bottom-up decomposition analysis of energy-related CO₂ emissions in Greece”, Energy, Vol. 31 No. 14, pp. 2638–2651.10.1016/j.energy.2005.11.024
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fan, F. and Lei, Y. (2016), “Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon emissions from the transportation sector in Beijing”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 135–145.10.1016/j.trd.2015.11.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gerike, R., Gehlert, T., Richter, F. and Schmidt, W. (2008), “Think globally, act locally-reducing environmental impacts of transport”, European Transport \ Trasporti Europei, Vol. 38, pp. 61-84.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ghosh, S. (2002), “Electricity consumption and economic growth in India”, Energy Policy, Vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 125–129.10.1016/S0301-4215(01)00078-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gota, S. and Schipper, L. (2013), “Transport Emissions and India’s Diesel Mystery: Comparing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Carbon Estimates”, Washington, DC: EMBARQ, Vol. Working Paper.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Greene, D.L. (1992), “Vehicle Use and Fuel Economy: How Big is the ‘Rebound’ Effect?”, The Energy Journal, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 117–143.10.5547/ISSN0195-6574-EJ-Vol13-No1-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Han, X. and Chatterjee, L. (1997), “Impacts of growth and structural change on CO₂ emissions of developing countries”, World Development, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 395–407.10.1016/S0305-750X(96)00110-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hatzigeorgiou, E., Polatidis, H. and Haralambopoulos, D. (2008), “CO₂ emissions in Greece for 1990–2002: A decomposition analysis and comparison of results using the Arithmetic Mean Divisia Index and Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index techniques”, Energy, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 492–499.10.1016/j.energy.2007.09.014
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kaya, Y. and Yokobori, K. (1997), Enviroment, Energy and Economy: Strategies for Sustainability, United Nations University Press, Tokyo, Japan, available at: http://www.sidalc.net/cgibin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=EARTH.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=025175 (accessed 18 May 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kwon, T.-H. (2005), “Decomposition of factors determining the trend of CO₂ emissions from car travel in Great Britain (1970–2000)”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 53 No. 2, pp. 261–275.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.028
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lakshmanan, T.R. and Han, X. (1997), “Factors underlying transportation CO₂ emissions in the U.S.A.: A decomposition analysis”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 1–15.10.1016/S1361-9209(96)00011-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lee, K. and Oh, W. (2006), “Analysis of CO₂ emissions in APEC countries: A time-series and a cross-sectional decomposition using the log mean Divisia method”, Energy Policy, Vol. 34 No. 17, pp. 2779–2787.10.1016/j.enpol.2005.04.019
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lise, W. (2006), “Decomposition of CO₂ emissions over 1980–2003 in Turkey”, Energy Policy, Vol. 34 No. 14, pp. 1841–1852.10.1016/j.enpol.2004.12.021
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lu, I.J., Lin, S.J. and Lewis, C. (2007), “Decomposition and decoupling effects of carbon dioxide emission from highway transportation in Taiwan, Germany, Japan and South Korea”, Energy Policy, Vol. 35 No. 6, pp. 3226–3235.10.1016/j.enpol.2006.11.003
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Mazzarino, M. (2000), “The economics of the greenhouse effect: evaluating the climate change impact due to the transport sector in Italy”, Energy Policy, Vol. 28 No. 13, pp. 957–966.10.1016/S0301-4215(00)00078-1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MoRTH. (2013), Basic Road Statistics of India 2011-12., Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
MoSPI. (2011), Energy Statistics 2011, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, New Delhi, India.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nag, B. and Parikh, J. (2000), “Indicators of carbon emission intensity from commercial energy use in India”, Energy Economics, Vol. 22 No. 4, pp. 441–461.10.1016/S0140-9883(99)00032-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nakicenovic, N. and Swart, R. (2000), Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000sres.book.....N (accessed 18 May 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Papagiannaki, K. and Diakoulaki, D. (2009), “Decomposition analysis of CO₂ emissions from passenger cars: The cases of Greece and Denmark”, Energy Policy, Vol. 37 No. 8, pp. 3259–3267.10.1016/j.enpol.2009.04.026
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ramachandra, T.V. and Shwetmala. (2009), “Emissions from India’s transport sector: Statewise synthesis”, Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 43 No. 34, pp. 5510–5517.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.015
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schipper, L., Leather, J. and Fabian, H. (2009), “Transport and carbon dioxide emissions: forecasts, options analysis, and evaluation”, available at: https://openaccess.adb.org/handle/11540/1402 (accessed 18 May 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Schipper, L., Marie-Lilliu, C. and Gorham, R. (2000), “Flexing the Link between Transport and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - A Path for the World Bank”, available at: https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=851906 (accessed 18 May 2016).
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Singh, S.K. (2006), “The demand for road-based passenger mobility in India: 1950-2030 and relevance for developing and developed countries”, European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 247–274.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Soytas, U., Sari, R. and Ewing, B.T. (2007), “Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 62 No. 3–4, pp. 482–489.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.07.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stern, D.I., Common, M.S. and Barbier, E.B. (1996), “Economic growth and environmental degradation: The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainable development”, World Development, Vol. 24 No. 7, pp. 1151–1160.10.1016/0305-750X(96)00032-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sun, J.W. (1998), “Accounting for energy use in China, 1980–94”, Energy, Vol. 23 No. 10, pp. 835–849.10.1016/S0360-5442(98)00031-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Timilsina, G.R. and Shrestha, A. (2009), “Transport sector CO₂ emissions growth in Asia: Underlying factors and policy options”, Energy Policy, Vol. 37 No. 11, pp. 4523–4539.10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vinuya, F., DiFurio, F. and Sandoval, E. (2010), “A decomposition analysis of CO₂ emissions in the United States”, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 17 No. 10, pp. 925–931.10.1080/00036840902762688
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang, W.W., Zhang, M. and Zhou, M. (2011), “Using LMDI method to analyze transport sector CO₂ emissions in China”, Energy, Vol. 36 No. 10, pp. 5909–5915.10.1016/j.energy.2011.08.031
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Wang, Y., Hayashi, Y., Kato, H. and Liu, C. (2011), “Decomposition analysis of CO₂ emissions increase from the passenger transport sector in Shanghai, China”, International Journal of Urban Sciences, Vol. 15 No. 2, pp. 121–136.10.1080/12265934.2011.615983
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zachariadis, T., Ntziachristos, L. and Samaras, Z. (2001), “The effect of age and technological change on motor vehicle emissions”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 221–227.10.1016/S1361-9209(00)00025-0
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, M., Li, H., Zhou, M. and Mu, H. (2011), “Decomposition analysis of energy consumption in Chinese transportation sector”, Applied Energy, Vol. 88 No. 6, pp. 2279–2285.10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.077
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zhang, M., Mu, H., Ning, Y. and Song, Y. (2009), “Decomposition of energy-related CO₂ emission over 1991–2006 in China”, Ecological Economics, Vol. 68 No. 7, pp. 2122–2128.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.02.005
Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Factorizing the Changes in CO2 Emissions from Indian Road Passenger Transport: A Decomposition Analysis

Abstract

Paradigm

My account