References
- 1. Quigley HA, Broman A. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophtalmol. 2006 Mar;90(3):262-7. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.081224
- 2. Allingham RR. Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma. Shields textbook of Glaucoma, 6th ed.; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2011. Section II, chapter 11, pg 176.
- 3. American Academy of Ophthalmology Glaucoma Panel; Preferred Practice Pattern® Guidelines. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2010. www.aao.org/ppp.
- 4. Tielsch JM, Katz J, Sommer A, Quigley HA, Javitt JC. Family history and risk of primary open angle glaucoma. The Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994 Jan;112(1):69-3. DOI: 10.1001/archopht. 1994.01090130079022
- 5. Shastry BS. Genetic susceptibility to normal tension glaucoma. Br J Med Med Res. 2013 Jan;3(2):372-82. DOI: 10.9734/BJMMR/2013/2655
- 6. Wolfs RC; Klaver CC, Ramrattan RS, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, de Jong PT. Genetic risk of primary open angle glaucoma. Population based familial aggregation study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Dec;116(12):1640-45. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.116.12.1640
- 7. Gemenetzi M, Yang Y, Lotery AJ. Current concepts on primary open-angle glaucoma genetics: a contribution to disease pathophysiology and future treatment. Eye. 2012 Mar;26(3):355-69. DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.309
- 8. Wiggs JL. Genetic Etiologies of Glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;125(1):30-7. DOI: 10.1001/archopht. 125.1.30
- 9. Yuan L.; Neufeld AH. TNF-α: a potentially neurodestructive cytokine produced by glia in the human glaucomatous optic nerve head. Glia. 2000 Oct;32(1):42-50. DOI: 10.1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<;42::AIDGLIA40> 3.3.CO;2-V
- 10. Tezel G, Wax MB. Increased production of TNF-α by glia cell exposed to simulated ischemia or elevated hydrostatic pressure induces apoptosis in cocultured retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 1;20(23):8693-700.
- 11. Tezel G, Li LY, Patil RV, Wax MB. TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha receptor-1 in the retina of normal and glaucomatous eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Jul;42(8):1787-1794.
- 12. Gupta N, Ang LC, Noel de TL, Bidaisee L, Yucel YH. Human glaucoma and neural degeneration in intracranial optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, and visual cortex. Br J Ophtalmol. 2006 Jun;90(6):674-78. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2005.086769
- 13. http://www.snpedia.com (accessed on 15 august 2014).
- 14. European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 4th ed.; www.eugs.org., printed manuscript, 2014.
- 15. Solé X, Guinó E, Valls J, Iniesta R, Moreno V. SNPStats: a web tool for the analysis of association studies. Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug;22(15):1928-29. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl268
- 16. Generalitat de Catalunya. Institut catala d’Oncologia. Accesed on 05 August 2014; Available from: http://bio-info.concologia.net/SNPStats.
- 17. Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MAR, Bender D, et al. PLINK: a toolset for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analysis. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):559-75. DOI: 10.1086/519795\
- 18. Nakazawa T, Nakazawa C, Matsubara A, Noda K, Hisatomi T, She H. et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates oligodendrocyte death and delayed retinal ganglion cell loss in a mouse model of glaucoma. J Neurosci. 2006 Dec 6;26(49):12633-41. DOI: 10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.2801-06.2006
- 19. Tezel G, Chauhan BC, LeBlanc RP, Wax MB. Immunohistochemical assessment of the glial mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003 Jul;44(7):3025-33.
- 20. Tezel G, Yang X, Luo C, Peng Y, Sun SL, Sun D. Mechanisms of immune system activation in glaucoma: oxidative stress-stimulated antigen presentation by the retina and optic nerve head glia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 feb;48(2):705-14. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0810
- 21. Xin X, Gao L, Wu T, Sun F. Roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms, tumor necrosis factor alpha level in aqueous humor, and the risks of open angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis. Mol Vis. 2013;19:526-35.
- 22. Abraham LJ, Kroeger KM. Impact of the -308 TNF promoter polymorphism on the transcriptional regulation of the TNF gene: relevance to disease. J Leukon Biol. 1999;66(4):562-6.
- 23. Agarwal P, Oldenburg MC, Czarneski JE, Morse RM, Hameed MR, Cohen S, et al. Comparison study for identifying promoter allelic polymorphism in interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha genes. Diagn Mol Pathol. 2000 Sep;9(3):158-64. DOI: 10.1097/00019606-200009000-00006
- 24. Wilson AG, Symons JA, McDowell TL, McDevitt HO, Duff GW. Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor α promoter on transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3195-9. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3195
- 25. Allen RD. Polymorphism of the human TNF-alpha promoter random variation or functional diversity? Mol Immunol. 1999 Oct-Nov; 36(15-16), 1017-27. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-5890(99)00127-3
- 26. Mossbock G, Weger M, Moray M, Renner W, Haller- Schober EM, Mattes D, et al. TNF-a promoter polymorphisms and primary open-angle glaucoma. Eye. 2006 Sep; 20(9):1040-3. DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702078
- 27. Bozkurt B, Mesci L, Irkec M, Ozdag BB, Sanal O, Arslan U, et al. Association of tumour necrosis factor-alpha -308 G/A polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 May-Jun;40(4):156-62. DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02595.x
- 28. Lin HC, Tsai FJ, Chen WC, Shi YR, Hsu Y, Tsai SW. Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha -308 gene polymorphism with primary open-angle glaucoma in Chinese. Eye. 2003 Jan;17(1):31-4. DOI: 10.1038/sj. eye.6700227
- 29. Fan BJ, Liu K, Wang DY, Tham CC, Tam PO, Lam DS, et al. Association of polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor and tumor protein p53 with primary open-angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Aug;51(8):4110-6. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-4974
- 30. Funayama T, Ishikawa K, Ohtake Y, Tanino T, Kurosaka D, Kimura I, et al. Variants in optineurin gene and their association with tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in Japanese patients with glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Dec;45(12):4359-67. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-1403
- 31. Middleton D, Gonzalez-Galarza FF, Jones AR, Takeshita L. Allele*Frequencies in Worldwide Populations. The Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, 2014;accesed on 20 August 2014; www.allelefrequencies. net.
- 32. Yu QQ, Yao Y. A detailed meta-analysis shows no association between TNF-alpha -308 G/A polymorphism and different forms of glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res. 2012; 47(1):47-51. DOI: 10.1159/000328631
- 33. Brandt JD, Beiser JA, Kass MA, Gordon MO. Central corneal thickness in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study Group (OHTS). Ophthalmology. 2001 Oct;108(10):1779-88. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-6420(01)00760-6
- 34. Gordon MO, Beiser JA, Brandt JD. The ocular treatment study: baseline factors that predict the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Jun;120(6):714-20. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.120.6.714
- 35. Toh TY, Liew MSHM, Hewitt AW, MacKinnon JR, Poulsen JL, Spector TD, et al. High heritability of Central Corneal Thickness- The Twin Eye Studies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Oct;46(10):3718-22. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.04-1497
- 36. Freeman EE, Roy-Gagnon MH, Descovich D, Masse H, Lesk MR. The heritability of Glaucoma-related traits corneal hysteresis, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure and choroidal blood flow pulsatility. PloS One. 2013;8(1):e55573. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0055573
- 37. Brandt JD, Beiser JA, Gordon MO, Lin SC, Alexander MY, Kass MA. Changes in central corneal thickness over time: The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. Ophthalmology. 2008 Sep;115(9):1550-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2008.02.001
- 38. Lesk MR, Hafez AS, Descovich D. Relationship between central corneal thickness and changes of optic nerve head topography and blood flow after intraocular pressure reduction in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Nov;124(11):1568-72. DOI: 10.1001/archopht. 124.11.1568