Surgical complications in 240 operated patients
| Type of all surgical complications (n = 240) | n | % | % 90-day mortality |
|---|---|---|---|
| No surgical complications | 169 | 70.4 | 3 |
| PF B or C | 28 | 11.7 | 25 |
| PF B or C and bleeding | 8 | 3.3 | 62.5 |
| Bleeding in the intestines | 2 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Intraabdominal bleeding – no PF | 4 | 1.7 | 25 |
| Bile leak | 10 | 4.2 | 0 |
| Leak from GEA | 5 | 2.1 | 20 |
| Dehiscence of laparotomy | 3 | 1.3 | 0 |
| Intraabdominal abscess | 6 | 2.5 | 0 |
| Ileus | 1 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Thrombosis of vascular graft | 2 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Volvulus coeci | 1 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Stenosis of coeliac trunk | 1 | 0.4 | 0 |
| Total | 240 | 100.0 | 7.9% |
Observed clinicopathological features in 240 operated patients
| P1 (n/%) | P2 (n/%) | All (n/%) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| male | 51 | 80 | 131 | ||
| 53.1% | 55.6% | 54.6% | |||
| Gender (n = 240) | 0.4 | ||||
| female | 45 | 64 | 109 | ||
| 46.9% | 44.4% | 45.4% | |||
| Age (n = 240) | Mean (years) | 66.1 ± 9.9 | 65.98 ± 10.1 | 66.4 | 0.91 |
| 1 | 17 | 43 | 17 | ||
| 17.7% | 29.9% | 17.7% | |||
| ASA (n = 240) | 2 | 53 | 68 | 53 | 0.103 |
| 55.2% | 47.2% | 55.2% | |||
| 3 | 26 | 33 | 26 | ||
| 27.1% | 22.9% | 27.1% | |||
| Preoperative histology (n = 240) | 4 | 32 | 36 | 0.0001 | |
| 4.2% | 22.2% | 15.0% | |||
| Hospital stay (n = 222) | Mean (days) | 21.2 ± 14.5 | 19 ± 11.6 | 19.8 | 0.138 |
| Preoperative total bilirubin (n = 240) | Mean (mmol/l)(mmol/l) | 67.6 ± 71.5 | 79.0 ± 85.5 | 74.7 | 0.028 |
| Preoperative endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) (n = 240) | 34 | 51 | 85 | 0.554 | |
| 35.4% | 35.4% | 35.4% | |||
| P1(n/%) | P2(n/%) | All(n/%) | p | ||
| PD | 92 | 115 | 207 | ||
| Type of pancreatic resection (n = 240) | 95.8% | 79.9% | 86.3% | 0.0001 | |
| TP | 4 | 29 | 33 | ||
| 4.2% | 20.8% | 14.2% | |||
| Resection of VMS/VP (n=240) | 12 | 28 | 40 | 0.17 | |
| 12.5% | 19.4% | 16.7% | |||
| Direct suture | 10 | 14 | 24 | ||
| Type of vascular reconstruction (n=240) | 10.4% | 9.7% | 10.0% | 0.043 | |
| Vascular graft | 2 | 14 | 16 | ||
| 2.1% | 9.7% | 6.7% | |||
| Overall complications (OAC) (n=240) | 34 | 55 | 89 | 0.383 | |
| 35.4% | 38.2% | 37.1% | |||
| 30-day mortality (n=240) | 7 | 5 | 12 | 0.152 | |
| 7.3% | 3.5% | 5.0% | |||
| 90-day mortality (n=240) | 11 | 8 | 19 | 0.080 | |
| 11.5% | 5.6% | 7.9% | |||
Correlation of clinicopathological factors and perioperative morbidity and mortality in 240 operated patients
| N | OAC | P | ASC | P | BC | P | OL | P | AA | P | PL | P | AGC | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 240 | No compl. | 64.6 ± 10 | 0.005 | 65.3 ± 10.3 | 0.051 | 66.2 ± 10 | 0.452 | 66 ± 10 | 0.665 | 65 | 0 056 | 65.7 ± 10 | 0.256 | 65.4 ± 10 | 0.007 |
| Compl. | 68.4 ± 9.1 | 67.9 ± 9.1 | 63.5 ± 12 | 67.1 ± 8 | 73 | 67.3 ± 8 | 70.1 ± 9 | |||||||||
| Age | 240 | <70 | 28.6% | 0.011 | 23.8% | 0.071 | 8.6% | 0.094 | 4.8% | 0.369 | 0% | 0.030 | 16.3% | 0.234 | 8.6% | 0.021 |
| (<70 and >69) | >69 | 43.7F% | 33.3% | 3.7% | 6.7% | 100% | 21.4% | 18.5% | ||||||||
| ASA 1.2 vs. 3 | 240 | ASA 1+2 | 32% | 0.004 | 23.8% | 0.042 | 5.5% | 0.465 | 5.5% | 0.465 | 0.457 | 16.1% | 0.042 | 10.5% | 0.006 | |
| ASA 3 | 52.5% | 33.3% | 6.8% | 6.8% | 29.5% | 25.4% | ||||||||||
| Total bilirubin | 240 | No compl. | 70.1 ± 74 | 0.271 | 68.3 ± 73.6 | 0.062 | 71 ± 77 | 0.005 | 74.4± 78 | 0.969 | 0.231 | 68.1 ± 70 | 0.195 | 79 ± 82 | 0.033 | |
| (mmol/l) | Compl. | 82.9 ± 89 | 89.5 ± 93.1 | 134 ± 104 | 75.5 ± 108 | 91.4 ± 99 | 47.4 ± 61 | |||||||||
| EBD | 240 | No EBD | 33.5% | 0.082 | 24.5% | 0.024 | 5.8% | 0.594 | 7.1% | 0.203 | 0.640 | 12.8% | 0.004 | 11.6% | 0.092 | |
| (no/yes) | EBD | 43.5% | 37.6% | 5.9% | 3.5% | 30% | 18.8% | |||||||||
| PD/TP | 240 | PD | 37.2% | 0.545 | 29.5% | 0.488 | 6.3% | 0.400 | 5.8% | 0.600 | 1% | 0.004 | - | - | 13% | 0.126 |
| TP | 36.4% | 27.3% | 3% | 6.1% | 12.1% | 21.2% | ||||||||||
| Vasc. resect. | 240 | No vasc. | 39.5% | 0.115 | 30.0% | 0.334 | 4.5% | 0.063 | 6% | 0.578 | 0.738 | 21.1% | 0.083 | 16.5% | 0.011 | |
| (yes/no) | Vasc. resect. | 27.5% | 25.0% | 12.5% | 5% | 7.7% | 2.5% | |||||||||
| Size of tumor | 201 | No compl. | 32.3 ± 19 | 0.001 | 31.7 ± 18.8 | 0.002 | 29.5 ± 17 | 0.187 | 29.4 ± 17 | 0.320 | 0.069 | 30.3 ± 18 | 0.001 | 29.7 ± 17 | 0.211 | |
| (mm) | Compl. | 24.6 ± 12 | 23.7 ± 10.1 | 25 ± 10 | 25.1 ± 13 | 22.5 ± 9 | 25.7 ± 15 | |||||||||
| Type of tumor | 216 | PAC | 34.1% | 0.042 | 26.7% | 0.074 | 6.7% | 0.421 | 5.9% | 0.435 | 0.403 | 16.2% | 0.092 | 69.8 ± 183 | 0.094 | |
| PAC/NPC | NPC | 46.9% | 37.0% | 4.9% | 7.4% | 25.7% | 83.5 ± 127 | |||||||||
| Amylase level | 187 | No compl. | 21.3 ± 62.1 | 0.0001 | 24.0 ± 73 | 0.0001 | 68.6 ± 175 | 0.333 | 72.3 ± 180 | -0.773 | 72.5 ± 177 | 0.0001 | 22.2 ± 70 | 0.0001 | 69.8 ± 183 | 0.640 |
| (ukat/l) | Compl. | 150.6 ± 252 | 179.9 ± 270 | 128.1 ± 199 | 62.5 ± 100 | 1.1 ± 1 | 260 ± 310 | 83.5 ± 127 | ||||||||
| Amylase | 187 | < 7 | 20.2% | 0.0001 | 11.4% | 0.0001 | 3.5% | 0.022 | 1.7% | 0.0001 | 0.529 | 19.1% | 0.0001 | 35.6% | 0.033 | |
| (>7 ukat/l) | > 7 | 69.8% | 61.6% | 12.7% | 60.3% | 100% | 57.7% | |||||||||
| PF C | 187 | No PF C | 33.1% | 0.0001 | 23.7% | 0.0001 | 3% | 0.0001 | 0.318 | 0.818 | 10.7% | 0.0001 | - | 0.464 | ||
| (yes/no) | PF C | 100% | 100% | 38.9% | 100% | |||||||||||
| PF B | 187 | No PF B | 33.1% | 0.0001 | 23.7% | 0.0001 | 6.5% | 0.676 | 0.318 | 0.818 | 10.7% | 0.0001 | - | 0.221 | ||
| (yes/no) | PF B | 100% | 100% | 5.6% | 100% | |||||||||||
| PF A | 187 | No PF A | 42.5% | 0.035 | 36.3% | 0.0001 | 0.148 | 0.171 | 0.734 | 24% | 0.0001 | - | 0.141 | |||
| (yes/no) | PF A | 22.2% | 0 | 100% | ||||||||||||
| PF B or C | 187 | No PF B+C | 25.2%. | 0.0001 | 14.6% | 0.0001 | 2.6% | 0.0001 | 0.088 | 0.655 | ||||||
| PF B+C | 100% | 100% | 22.2 | |||||||||||||
| Period of the study | 240 | P1 | 35.4% | 0.383 | 25.0% | 0.155 | 2.1% | 0.036 | 5.2% | 0.485 | 0.230 | 16.9% | 0.292 | 17.7 | 0.137 | |
| P2 | 38.2% | 31.9% | 8.3% | 6.3% | 21.2% | 11.8 | ||||||||||
| Hospital stay | 240 | 14.2 ± 4 | 0.0001 | 15.2 ± 6 | 0.0001 | 19.3 ± 13 | 0.003 | 18.1 ± 9 | 0.0001 | 19.6 ± 13 | 0.075 | 17.8 ± 12 | 0.0001 | 18.4 ± 12 | 0.0001 | |
| (days) | 31.4 ± 16 | 32.9 ± 17 | 31.9 ± 8 | 44.9 ± 29 | 29 ± 10 | 30.7 ± 9 | 30.9 ± 10 |
General complications in 240 operated patients
| Type of all general complications (n = 240) | n | % | % 90-day mortality |
|---|---|---|---|
| No general complications | 202 | 84.2 | 5.0 |
| Pneumonia | 8 | 3.3 | 25 |
| Cardiorespiratory decompensation | 3 | 1.3 | 100 |
| Heart failure | 9 | 3.8 | 11.1 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 4 | 1.7 | 25 |
| Different infections | 10 | 4.2 | 10 |
| Renal failure | 1 | .4 | 100 |
| Brain stroke | 1 | .4 | 0 |
| Miscellaneous | 2 | .8 | 0 |
| Total | 240 | 100.0 | 7.9 |
Indications for pancreatic resection
| Indication for pancreatic resection | P1 | P2 | All | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n/ %) | (n/ %) | (n/ %) | ||
| Pancreatic adeno carcinoma | 64 | 71 | 135 | |
| 66.7% | 50.0% | 56.7% | ||
| Neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas | 2 | 7 | 9 | |
| 2.1% | 4.9% | 3.8% | ||
| Main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.8% | ||
| Franz’s tumor | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 1.0% | 0.0% | 0.4% | ||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the pancreas | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| 1.0% | 0.7% | 0.8% | ||
| Adenocarcinoma of the distal bile duct | 13 | 30 | 43 | |
| 13.5% | 20.8% | 17.9% | ||
| Adenocarcinoma of the papilla Vateri | 12 | 18 | 30 | |
| 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | ||
| Duodenal adenocarcinoma | 2 | 6 | 8 | |
| 2.1% | 4.2% | 3.3% | ||
| Gastric cancer | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| 0.0% | 1.4% | 0.8% | ||
| Chronic pancreatitis | 1 | 6 | 7 | |
| 1.0% | 4.2% | 2.9% |