Figure 1
Determination of Ki67, NSE, CgA, SYP in primary prostate cancer patients. Number of concurrent biomarkers evaluated. The number of patients is reported above each column.
Table 1
Neuroendocrine marker staining in our cohort of primary prostate cancer patients
| Staining | Neuroendocrine markers | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NSE | CgA | Syp | |
| Negative | 28 (31.5) | 49 (40.5) | 44 (34.6) |
| Diffuse | 50 (56.1) | 45 (37.2) | 54 (42.5) |
| Focal | 3 (3.4) | 19 (15.7) | 17 (13.4) |
| Spotty | 8 (9) | 8 (6.6) | 12 (9.5) |
| Total | 89 | 121 | 127 |
| missing | 77 | 45 | 39 |
Data reported as N (%)
Table 2
Distribution of Ki67 positively stained cells in our cohort of primary prostate cancer patients
| % Ki67-positive cells | Number of samples | |
|---|---|---|
| N | % | |
| 0 | 14 | 9.6 |
| ≤ 5 | 70 | 47.9 |
| > 5 and ≤ 10 | 24 | 16.5 |
| > 10 and ≤ 20 | 18 | 12.3 |
| > 20 and ≤ 30 | 13 | 8.9 |
| > 30 | 7 | 4.8 |
| Total | 146 | 100% |
Figure 2
Distribution of Ki67 staining score. Positive Ki67 cells in TURP and prostatectomy specimens from a cohort of 166 primary prostate cancer patients.
Figure 3
Representative immunohistochemical staining for Ki67. (A) prostate adenocarcinoma with Ki67 > 10% 20 x and 40 x (B) magnification; (C) prostate adenocarcinoma with Ki67 ≤ 10% 20 x and 40 x (D) magnification; (E) prostate adenocarcinoma negative for Ki67 20 x and 40 x (F) magnification.
Table 3
Association between Ki67 expression and clinicopathological variables (N = 146)
| Variable | Ki67 expression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 10% | > 10% | Tot | P-value | |
| Nuclear grading | ||||
| 1 | 22 | 1 | 23 | |
| 2 | 72 | 23 | 95 | 0.001* |
| 3 | 14 | 14 | 28 | |
| Gleason Score | ||||
| < 7 | 56 | 8 | 64 | 0.001* |
| ≥ 7 | 51 | 30 | 81 | |
| missing 1 | ||||
| Age at diagnosis (median, years) | ||||
| ≤ 71 | 53 | 19 | 72 | 0.922 |
| > 71 | 55 | 19 | 74 | |
| Age at diagnosis (continuous) | 108 | 38 | 146 | 0.973 |
| NSE expression | ||||
| Negative | 21 | 4 | 25 | 0.073 |
| Positivea | 28 | 16 | 44 | |
| missing 77 | ||||
| CgA expression | ||||
| Negative | 37 | 10 | 47 | 0.217 |
| Positivea | 24 | 12 | 36 | |
| missing 40 | ||||
| Syp expression | ||||
| Negative | 31 | 8 | 39 | 0.326 |
| Positivea | 33 | 14 | 47 | |
| missing 60 | ||||
| Type of intervention | ||||
| TURP | 78 | 33 | 111 | 0.081 |
| Prostatectomy | 29 | 5 | 34 | |
| missing 1 | ||||
| Total | 108 | 38 | 146 | |
Table 4
Univariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with primary prostate cancer based on Cox proportional hazards regression model
| Variable | UNIVARIATE | |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Nuclear grading | ||
| 2 vs 1 | 1.45 (0.90-2.34) | 0.125 |
| 3 vs 1 | 3.49 (1.94-6.27) | < 0.001* |
| Gleason score | ||
| ≥ 7 vs < 7 | 2.97 (2.07-4.26) | < 0.001* |
| Ki67 expression | ||
| > 10% vs ≤ 10% | 2.75 (1.85-4.09) | < 0.001* |
| Age at diagnosis (continuous) | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | < 0.001* |
| NSE expression | ||
| Positiveavs negative | 1.99 (1.19-3.34) | 0.009* |
| CgA expression | ||
| Positiveavs negative | 0.96 (0.62-1.47) | 0.840 |
| Syp expression | ||
| Positiveavs negative | 1.18 (0.77-1.81) | 0.447 |
| Type of intervention | ||
| Prostatectomy vs TURP | 0.45 (0.30-0.67) | < 0.001* |
CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio
Figure 4
Survival curves by NSE staining in patients with primary prostate cancer. p-value from log-rank test is reported. Numbers of at risk (still alive) patients are indicated below the x-axis.
Figure 5
Survival curves by Ki67 expression in patients with primary prostate cancer. (A) Ki67 staining dichotomized in ≤; 10% and > 10%; (B) Ki67 staining divided into negative, 1–10%, 11%–20%, > 20%. p-value from log-rank test is reported. Numbers of at risk (still alive) patients are indicated below the x-axis.
Table 5
Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with primary prostate cancer based on Cox proportional hazards regression model stratified by type of intervention (N = 144)
| Variable | MULTIVARIATE | |
|---|---|---|
| Adjusted HR (95%CI) | Adjusted P-value | |
| Nuclear grading | ||
| 2 vs 1 | 1.27 (0.75-2.13) | 0.373 |
| 3 vs 1 | 1.93 (1.01-3.68) | 0.045* |
| Gleason score | ||
| ≥ 7 vs < 7 | 2.41 (1.56-3.74) | < 0.001* |
| Ki67 expression | ||
| > 10% vs ≤ 10% | 2.14 (1.41-3.25) | < 0.001* |
| Age at diagnosis (continuous) | 1.04 (1.02-1.07) | 0.001* |
CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio;