Figure 1
Figure 2
![Kaplan-Meier survival plot for patients with vein reconstruction (pacreaticoduodenectomy [PD]+ vein resection [VR]). Median survival time in months was in this group 16.1 months.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473549d4e662f30ba53a824/j_raon-2015-0017_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKORPE3AVD%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T203318Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAkaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDqDrGeiuQguEXgAW%2BvilrOwBZmWllRdXEGUmiOpZxKsgIgVcEMvWfXkipZ4y4bMybhUX%2FLtc8%2FDl96dn0dDxDSdJEqxgUI0v%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGxt%2BpohN4u4b5v7pCqaBU30dT77HEicPiJP6Q6btmLF53Ywx5l4mGo3KnFQn%2FN949XfMOtmcDAuz3TVwExhi8gmufmI6oowZ5W%2FbslLiytKNQHYMYwtz4sdHJKABujwUjyj7RpKK2ons8h89S46WiZwJHS71Ko7UsO%2FALtivtDe26bMf1PobrBTqDdjMpeunx7SjltLTc9RZ6o1X5enNXyvkNF0rl2I94U%2B2H6NL975OPkZE%2FIvRZY33wGFFjnUB%2FXjMO%2FnPQWYRL7MHOWma%2FoooTMHV0qOFcGIb34DN1thGFS25to%2FIPnGwzTwj5EPyNflNlO%2FfqOXbooZTNxn%2B0SSKPrSn19YNJlFQNiOsJKJaavTvADJLqFNHTswdUb2ZN1MnIDhUzm%2BGSgf5YsunqNS19h8SFHlRaEw%2BdW%2BsNlVbAOJxMqwY3dTjnCCo79UKd0KYrOMDUANrZRd5vgsJkO6PVJjSaiX4ecrJbbXQ9%2F%2FonRj5gM9V3ailL7qyEnZ1gntkrqU1%2FDBxflsXCnylgOqs5u6eiSHm%2FAPWvNjKH7%2BnlPMyCaHHrMgsmqxYRmDbZXnOH7VWoJAs941vk59iq85gSln8EAOgOnl3hbHub2NvXwgODjgs0hpmR9x3UmPgMa%2FrfRRvQbdteYwSW8JHyb87Hh765NyAnzJPvyJlU69RhO1M3E%2F5Y8Ylkf4SwyTabTcai%2FSKBcyMjlGB0mQkgOueW7xUuwwMimuQi8MGk7tKcwo954MKqYr5bMxDoLrD%2B2Pu2zGRYMTCHwz2VAIefzxQIGOdKevX5bE3hl7O7cL7DEC%2BASqJM7FBVFDxHxZdxot4nblPJe6tc%2BW9KbsNCzhTQAB4Rl3pkmLAh55VhgEB%2B7gNyerMwy4%2BzuuE544P6PhWpRA9TVPMjCg8KbNBjqxAU8ldAKRmm%2B9xrvhVhVw6OUXcvF%2BYcFtBMsS%2BpWbzl74FpM5p0tpCSDHnO2RkjGjs6FivS4QtzjuiiAZ33rkxw1ltZrNY8xrJEfp7P2ivcuIYgfChXpqHe2ZkvVc1yuRB43J5FikZeAKQ00Ft24XUFg1fBaW6K%2FJz7W6MM4jyDUMw%2Ba7ILFmp5F3GimbysYEDn%2BGWAuBLB6qwW5PADHVO8g0c4n2aWECxdilPMdKanT5yA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=98524b918931a0be1c95fe17e28c91dfc975d19060e32b69ce1b6d13e0eb2309&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3
![Comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival plots for both groups. Median survival time in months was in group with vein resection (pacreaticoduodenectomy [PD]+ vein resection [VR]) 16.1 months (line B) and in group without vein resection (PD - VR) 15.2 months (line A). Five year survival in group without vein resection (line B) was 19.5%. Comparison of survival curves showed equal hazard rates with log-rank p = 0.090 (z = 1.659 at 5% C; C = 1.96).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6473549d4e662f30ba53a824/j_raon-2015-0017_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKORPE3AVD%2F20260305%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260305T203318Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEAkaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQDqDrGeiuQguEXgAW%2BvilrOwBZmWllRdXEGUmiOpZxKsgIgVcEMvWfXkipZ4y4bMybhUX%2FLtc8%2FDl96dn0dDxDSdJEqxgUI0v%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDGxt%2BpohN4u4b5v7pCqaBU30dT77HEicPiJP6Q6btmLF53Ywx5l4mGo3KnFQn%2FN949XfMOtmcDAuz3TVwExhi8gmufmI6oowZ5W%2FbslLiytKNQHYMYwtz4sdHJKABujwUjyj7RpKK2ons8h89S46WiZwJHS71Ko7UsO%2FALtivtDe26bMf1PobrBTqDdjMpeunx7SjltLTc9RZ6o1X5enNXyvkNF0rl2I94U%2B2H6NL975OPkZE%2FIvRZY33wGFFjnUB%2FXjMO%2FnPQWYRL7MHOWma%2FoooTMHV0qOFcGIb34DN1thGFS25to%2FIPnGwzTwj5EPyNflNlO%2FfqOXbooZTNxn%2B0SSKPrSn19YNJlFQNiOsJKJaavTvADJLqFNHTswdUb2ZN1MnIDhUzm%2BGSgf5YsunqNS19h8SFHlRaEw%2BdW%2BsNlVbAOJxMqwY3dTjnCCo79UKd0KYrOMDUANrZRd5vgsJkO6PVJjSaiX4ecrJbbXQ9%2F%2FonRj5gM9V3ailL7qyEnZ1gntkrqU1%2FDBxflsXCnylgOqs5u6eiSHm%2FAPWvNjKH7%2BnlPMyCaHHrMgsmqxYRmDbZXnOH7VWoJAs941vk59iq85gSln8EAOgOnl3hbHub2NvXwgODjgs0hpmR9x3UmPgMa%2FrfRRvQbdteYwSW8JHyb87Hh765NyAnzJPvyJlU69RhO1M3E%2F5Y8Ylkf4SwyTabTcai%2FSKBcyMjlGB0mQkgOueW7xUuwwMimuQi8MGk7tKcwo954MKqYr5bMxDoLrD%2B2Pu2zGRYMTCHwz2VAIefzxQIGOdKevX5bE3hl7O7cL7DEC%2BASqJM7FBVFDxHxZdxot4nblPJe6tc%2BW9KbsNCzhTQAB4Rl3pkmLAh55VhgEB%2B7gNyerMwy4%2BzuuE544P6PhWpRA9TVPMjCg8KbNBjqxAU8ldAKRmm%2B9xrvhVhVw6OUXcvF%2BYcFtBMsS%2BpWbzl74FpM5p0tpCSDHnO2RkjGjs6FivS4QtzjuiiAZ33rkxw1ltZrNY8xrJEfp7P2ivcuIYgfChXpqHe2ZkvVc1yuRB43J5FikZeAKQ00Ft24XUFg1fBaW6K%2FJz7W6MM4jyDUMw%2Ba7ILFmp5F3GimbysYEDn%2BGWAuBLB6qwW5PADHVO8g0c4n2aWECxdilPMdKanT5yA%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=4e9c91c90caabe846f389f98d599bba3a696db2a6b7c037a67582e135232903e&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
TNM stage in 111 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy without vein resection in comparison with vein resection (VR) group_ There is no statistically important difference in N0 and N1 stage between both groups (P = 0_432, Fischer’s exact test, no statistical significance)_
| TNM stage | Without VR (n = 111) | With VR (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|
| T0 | 0 | 0 |
| T1 | 10 | 0 |
| T2 | 26 | 0 |
| T3 | 75 | 22 |
| T4 | 0 | 0 |
| N0 | 32 | 4 |
| N1 | 79 | 18 |
Resection margins of extirpated tumors_ There is no statistically important difference bewteen both groups (with or without venous resection [VR]) (Chi-square 2_79, p = 0_247)
| Resection margin | Without VR (n = 111) | With VR (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|
| R0 | 102 | 18 |
| R0,1 | 5 | 3 |
| R1 | 4 | 1 |
Selected clinical characteristics and preoperative data in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without vein resection (VR)_ There is no statistically important differences between both groups
| Variable | Without VR (n = 111) | With VR (n = 22) | P-value test |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (average years) | 65.6 ± 7.7 | 63.95 ± 9.5 | P = 0.45; t test |
| Sex (male:female) | 53:58 | 9:13 | P = 0.64; Chi square |
| ASA score | |||
| 1 | 34 | 7 | |
| 2 | 61 | 12 | |
| 3 | 16 | 2 | |
| 4 | 0 | 0 | P = 0.83; Chi square |
| Bilirubin level | |||
| Below 100mmol/l | 77 | 18 | |
| Above 100mmol/l | 34 | 4 | P = 0.306; Chi square |
| CEA (ng/l) | |||
| Increased (> 5ng/l) | 30 | 5 | P = 0.795; Chi square |
| CA 19-9 (IU/l) | |||
| Increased (> 30IU/l) | 78 | 16 | P = 1.0; Chi square |
List of surgical complications developed after pancreatoduodenectomy_ Comparison between group without vein resection (PD [pacreaticoduodenectomy] - VR [vein resection]) and group with vein resection (PD + VR)
| Type of surgical complication | Without VR (n = 111) | With VR (n = 22) |
|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic fistula | 5 (4.5%) | 1 (4.5%) |
| Bile leak | 3 (2.7%) | 1 (4.5%) |
| Intraperitoneal bleeding | 6 (5.4%) | 0 |
| Abdominal abscess | 5 (4.5%) | 0 |
| Gastric emptying syndrome | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (4.5%) |
| Rupture of the laparatomy | 4 (3.6%) | 0 |
| Necrosing pancreatitis | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
| Ileus of Roux-Y | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
| Critical ischemia of the colon | 1 (0.9%) | 0 |
| Poral vein thrombosis | 0 | 1 (4.5%) |
| 60 day mortality | 5 (4.5%) | 1 (4.5%) |
Cause of intrahospital deaths between both groups_ (P = 1_0, Fischer’s exact test, no statistical significance in death rate)
| Cause of death | Without VR | With VR |
|---|---|---|
| Massive pulmonary embolia | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular insult | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial infarction | 2 | 1 |
| Bronchopneumonia | 1 | 0 |