References
- Anonymous (1992a). Certification scheme. Virus-free or virus-tested fruit trees and rootstocks. Testing methods for viruses of fruit trees present in the EPPO region. EPPO Bulletin, 22, 265-275.
- Anonymous (1992b). Council Directive 92/34/EEC on the marketing of fruit plant propagating material and fruit plants intended for fruit production. Available at: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/eur18958.pdf (accessed 21 September 2016)
- Anonymous (1999). Certification scheme. Pathogen-tested material of Malus, Pyrus and Cydonia. EPPO Bulletin, 29, 239-252.
- Campbell, A. I., Best, M. W. (1964). The effect of heat therapy on several apple viruses. In: Annual Report Long Ashton Agricultural Horticultural Research Station 1963-1964. Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol, pp. 65-70.
- Cembali, T., Folwell, R. J., Wandschneider, P., Eastwell, K. C., Howell W. E. (2003). Economic implications of a virus prevention program in deciduous tree fruits in the US. Crop Protection, 22 (10), 1149-1156.
- Cieslinska, M., Zawadzka, B. (1999). Preliminary results of investigation on elimination of viruses from apple, pear and raspberry using thermotherapy and chemotherapy in vitro. Phytopathol. Pol., 17, 41-48.
- Cropley, R. (1968). Comparison of some apple latent viruses. Ann. Appl. Biol., 61, 361-372.
- Deng, X. Y., Hong, N., Hu, H. J., Wang, G. P. (2004). Detection of latent viruses in Pyrus pyrifolia by IC-RT-PCR and TC-RT-PCR. J. Fruit Sci., 21, 569-572.
- Desvignes, J. C. (1999). Virus Diseases of Fruit Trees. Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Legumes, Paris. p. 202.
- Fridlung, P. R. (Ed.) (1989). Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Pome Fruits and Simulating Noninfectious Disorders. Cooperative Extension College of Agriculture and Home Economics Washington State University Pullman, Washington. 330 pp.
- Gugerli, P., Ramel, M. E. (2003). Production of monoclonal antibodies for the serological identification and reliable detection of apple stem pitting and pear yellow vein viruses in apple and pear. Acta Hortic., 657, 59-69.
- Howell, W. E., Burgess, J., Mink, G. I., Skrzeczkowski, L. J., Zhang, Y. P. (1998). Elimination of apple fruit and bark deforming agents by heat therapy. Acta Hortic., 472, 641-646.
- Jelkmann, W. (2001). International working group on fruit tree viruses. Acta Hortic., 550, 473-493.
- Kaufmane, E., Skrīvele, M., Rubauskis, E., Strautiņa, S., Ikase, L., Lācis, G., Segliāņa, D., Moročko-Bičevska, I., Ruisa, S., Priekule, I. (2013). Development of fruit science in Latvia. Proc. Latvian Acad. Sci., Section B, 67 (2), 71-83.
- Kilevica, M., Svarcbahs, J., Ко tans, G. (1976). Latent virus infections of apple and introduction of the system for growing healthy virus free plant¬ing material [Килевиц, M., Шварцбах, Я., Котанс, Г. Скрытая вирусная инфекция яблони и обоснование системы выращивания оздоровлен¬ного посадочного материала]. Proceedings of Lancia Academy of Agri¬culture [Труды Латвийской Сельскохозяйственной академии], 100, 26-31 (in Russian).
- Kirby, M. J., Guise, C. M., Adams A. N. (2001). Comparison of bioassays and laboratory assays for Apple stem grooving virus. J. Virol. Meth., 93 (1-2), 167-173.
- Knapp, E., Hanzer, V., Weiss, H. H., Da Camara Machado, A., Weiss, B., Wang, Q., Katinger, H., Da Camara Machado, M. L. (1995). New aspects of virus elimination in fruit trees. Acta Hortic., 386, 409-418.
- Laimer, M., Barba, M. (2011). Elimination of systemic pathogens by thermotherapy, tissue culture, or in vitro micrografting. In: Hadidi, A., Barba, M., Candresse, T., Jelkmann, W. (eds.). Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits. APS Press, St. Paul, pp. 389-393.
- Lenz, F., Lankes, C. (2006). Certification scheme for fruit trees in Germany. Latvian J. Agron., 9, 69-74.
- Leonhardt, W., Wawrosch, C., Auer, A., Kopp, B. (1998). Monitoring of virus diseases in Austrian grapevine varieties and virus elimination using in vitro thermotherapy. Plant Cell Tiss. Org., 52, 71-74.
- MacKenzie, D. J., McLean, M. A., Mukerji, S., Green, M. (1997). Improved RNA extraction from woody plants for the detection of viral pathogens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Plant Dis., 81, 222-226.
- Maxim, A., Zagrai, L., Zagrai, I., Isac, M. (2004). Studies on the influence of apple stem grooving virus on tree growth of various apple cultivars in the nursery. Acta Hortic., 657, 41-44.
- Menzel, W., Jelkmann, W., Maiss, E. (2002). Detection of four apple viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assays with coamplification of plant mRNA as internal control. J. Virol. Meth., 99, 81-92.
- Mink, G. I., Wample, R., Howell, W. E. (1998). Heat treatment of perennial plants to eliminate phytoplasmas, viruses, and viroids while maintaining plant survival. In: Hadidi, A., Khetarpal, R. K., Koganezawa, H. (eds.). Plant Virus Disease Control. APS Press, St. Paul, pp. 332-345.
- Ostry, M. E., Hackett,W., Michler, C., Serres, R., McCown, B. (1994). Influence of regeneration method and tissue source on the frequency of somatic variation in Populus to infection by Septoria musiva. Plant Sci., 97, 5222-5226.
- Panattoni, A., Luvisi, A., Triolo, E. (2013). Review. Elimination of viruses in plants: Twenty years of progress. Spanish J. Agricult. Res., 11 (1), 173-188.
- Paprstein, F., Sedlak, J., Polak J., Svobodova, L., Hasssan, M., Bryxiova, M. (2008). Results of in vitro thermotherapy of apple cultivars. Plant Cell Tiss. Organ. Cult., 94, 347-352.
- Posnette, A. F., Cropley, R. (1956). Apple mosaic viruses. Host reaction and strain interference. J. Hortic. Sci., 31, 119-133.
- Pupola, N., Morocko-Bicevska, I., Kale, A., Zeltins, A. (2011). Occurrence and diversity of pome fruit viruses in apple and pear orchards in Latvia. J. Phytopathol., 159, 597-605.
- Rani, V., Parida, A., Raina, S. N. (1995) Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for genetic analysis in micropropagated plants of Populus deltoides Marsh. Plant Cell Rep., 14, 459-462.
- Reed, P. J., Foster, J. A. (2011). Exclusion of pome and stone fruit viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas by certification and quarantine. In: Hadidi, A., Barba, M., Candresse, T., Jelkmann, W. (eds.). Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits. APS Press, St. Paul, pp. 382-388.
- Rowhani, A., Uyemoto, J. K., Golino, D. A., Martelli, G. P. (2005). Pathogen testing and certification of Vitis and Prunus species. Annu. Rev. hytopathol., 43, 261-278.
- Skrivele, M., Kaufmane, E. (2015). The development of fruit-growing industry and science in Latvia [Skrîvele, M., Kaufmane, E. Augïkopîbas nozares un zinâtnes attîstîba Latvijâ]. In: Ikase, L. (Ed.). The fruit-growing [Augïkopîba]. LV Augïkopîbas institûts, Dobele, pp. 17-24 (in Latvian).
- Skrivele, M., Kaufmane, E., Strautina, S., Ikase, L., Ruisa, S., Rubauskis, E., Blukmanis, M., Seglina, D. (2008). Fruit and berry growing in Latvia. In: Proceedings of International Scientific Conference “Sustainable Fruit Growing: From Plant to Product”, 28-31 May 2008, Jûrmala - Dobele. Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele, pp. 5-14.
- Stein, A., Spiegel, S., Faingersh, G., Levis, S. (1991). Responses of micropropagated peach cultivars to thermotherapy for the elimination of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. Ann. Appl. Biol., 119, 265-271.
- Sutic, D. D, Ford, E. R., Tosic, M. T. (1999). Virus diseases of fruit trees. In: Sulzycki, J. (Ed.). Handbook of Plant Virus Diseases. CRC Press LC, Boca Raton, pp. 321-389.
- Svarcbahs J., Kilevica M., Miltins G. (1977). Heat treatment of apple trees infected with viruses [Шварцбах, Я., Килевица, M., Милтынын, Г. Применение термотерапии в оздоовлении зараженных вирусами деревьев яблони]. Proceedings of Latvia Academy of Agriculture [Труды Латвийской Сельскохозяйственной академии], 153, 26-34 (in Russian).
- Thompson, D., Howeel, W. E., Kolber, M. (2011). Biological indexing. In: Hadidi, A., Barba, M., Candresse, T., Jelkmann, W. (eds.). Virus and Virus- Like Diseases of Pome and Stone Fruits. APS Press, St. Paul, pp. 299-302.
- Van den Berg, A. (2003). Certified nursery tree production in Holland. The Compact Fruit Tree, 36 (2), 43-45.
- Wang, L., Wang, G., Hong, N., Tang, R., Deng, X., Zhang, H. (2006). Effect of thermotherapy on elimination of apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus for in vitro-cultured pear shoot tips. HortScience, 41 (3), 729-732.
- Waterworth, H. E., Hadidi, A. (2005). Economic losses due to plant viruses. In: Hadidi, A., Khetarpal, R. K., Koganezawa, H. (eds.). Plant Virus Disease Control. APS Press, St. Paul, pp. 1-15.
- Welsh, M. F., Nyland, G. (1965). Elimination and separation of viruses in apple clones by exposure to dry heat. Can. J. Plant Sci., 45 (5), 443-454.