References
- 1. Ingelfinger JR, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Schaefer F; World Kidney Day Steering Committee. Averting the legacy of kidney disease-focus on childhood. Kidney Int. 2016; 89: 512–8.
- 2. Kaspar CD1, Bholah R, Bunchman TE. A Review of Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease. Blood Purif. 2016; 41: 211–7.
- 3. Hartiala O, Magnussen CG, Kajander S, Knuuti J, Ukkonen H, Saraste A, Rinta-Kiikka I, Kainulainen S, Kähönen M, Hutri-Kähönen N, Laitinen T, Lehtimäki T, Viikari JS, Hartiala J, Juonala M, Raitakari OT. Adolescence risk factors are predictive of coronary artery calcification at middle age: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012; 60: 1364–70.
- 4. Shroff RC, McNair R, Skepper JN, Figg N, Schurgers LJ, Deanfield J, Rees L, Shanahan CM. Chronic mineral dysregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell adaptation and extracellular matrix calcification. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 21: 103–12.
- 5. Mzayek F, Hassig S, Sherwin R, Hughes J, Chen W, Srinivasan S, et al. The association of birth weight with developmental trends in blood pressure from childhood through mid-adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart study. Am J Epidemiol. 2007; 166: 413–420.
- 6. Law CM, Shiell AW, Newsome CA, Syddall HE, Shinebourne EA, Fayers PM, et al. Fetal, infant, and childhood growth and adult blood pressure: a longitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age. Circulation. 2002; 105: 1088–1092.
- 7. Min JW, Kong KA, Park BH, Hong JH, Park EA, Cho SJ, et al. Effect of postnatal catch-up growth on blood pressure in children at 3 years of age. J Hum Hypertens. 2007; 21: 868–874.
- 8. Falkner B, Hulman S, Kushner H. Birth weight versus childhood growth as determinants of adult blood pressure. Hypertension. 1998; 31: 145–50.
- 9. Flynn JT, Ng DK, Chan GJ, Samuels J, Furth S, Warady B, Greenbaum LA; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study. The effect of abnormal birth history on ambulatory blood pressure and disease progression in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr. 2014; 165(1): 154–162.
- 10. Lurbe E, Torro I, Rodriguez C, Alvarez V, Redon J. Birth weight influences blood pressure values and variability in children and adolescents. Hypertension. 2001; 38: 389–393.
- 11. Bayrakci US, Schaefer F, Duzova A, Yigit S, Bakkaloglu A. Abnormal circadian blood pressure regulation in children born preterm. J Pediatr. 2007; 151: 399–403.
- 12. Greenbaum LA, Munoz A, Schneider MF, Kaskel FJ, Askenazi DJ, Jenkins R, et al. The association between abnormal birth history and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Jan. 2011; 6: 14–21.
- 13. Franke D, Völker S, Haase S, Pavicic L, Querfeld U, Ehrich JH, Zivicnjak M. Prematurity, small for gestational age and perinatal parameters in children with congenital, hereditary and acquired chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010; 25: 3918–24.
- 14. Ishikura K, Uemura O, Hamasaki Y, Ito S, Wada N, Hattori M, Ohashi Y, Tanaka R, Nakanishi K, Kaneko T, Honda M; Pediatric CKD Study Group in Japan; Committee of Measures for Pediatric CKD of Japanese Society of Pediatric Nephrology. Progression to end-stage kidney disease in Japanese children with chronic kidney disease: results of a nationwide prospective cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014; 29: 878–84.
- 15. Alicic RZ, Patakoti R, Tuttle KR. Direct and indirect effects of obesity on the kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013; 20: 121–7.
- 16. Ding W, Cheung WW, Mak RH. Impact of obesity on kidney function and blood pressure in children. World J Nephrol. 2015; 4: 223–9
- 17. Bonnet F, Deprele C, Sassolas A, Moulin P, Alamartine E, Berthezène F, Berthoux F. Excessive body weight as a new independent risk factor for clinical and pathological progression in primary IgA nephritis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001; 37: 720–727.
- 18. Espinoza R, Gracida C, Cancino J, Ibarra A. Effect of obese living donors on the outcome and metabolic features in recipients of kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2006; 38: 888–889.
- 19. Filiopoulos V, Hadjiyannakos D, Vlassopoulos D. New insights into uric acid effects on the progression and prognosis of chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail. 2012; 34: 510–20.
- 20. Noone DG, Marks SD. Hyperuricemia is associated with hypertension, obesity, and albuminuria in children with chronic kidney disease. J Pediatr. 2013; 162: 128–32.
- 21. Rodenbach KE, Schneider MF, Furth SL, Moxey-Mims MM, Mitsnefes MM, Weaver DJ, Warady BA, Schwartz GJ. Hyperuricemia and Progression of CKD in Children and Adolescents: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 66: 984–92.
- 22. Omoloja A, Chand D, Greenbaum L, Wilson A, Bastian V, Ferris M, Bernert J, Stolfi A, Patel H. Cigarette smoking and second-hand smoking exposure in adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a study from the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011; 26: 908–13.
- 23. Omoloja A, Jerry-Fluker J, Ng DK, Abraham AG, Furth S, Warady BA, Mitsnefes M. Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with proteinuria in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2013; 28: 1243–5.
- 24. Hogan SL, Vupputuri S, Guo X, Cai J, Colindres RE, Heiss G, Coresh J. Association of cigarette smoking with albuminuria in the United States: the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Ren Fail. 2007; 29: 133–142.
- 25. Garcia-Esquinas E, Loeffler LF, Weaver VM, Fadrowski JJ, Navas-Acien A. Kidney function and tobacco smoke exposure in US adolescents. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e1415–e1423.
- 26. Omoloja A, Tyc VL. Tobacco and the pediatric chronic kidney disease population. Pediatr Nephrol. 2015; 30: 235–43.