Potencial management of waste phosphogypsum with particular focus on recovery of rare earth metals

Podbiera-Matysik, Kinga; Gorazda, Katarzyna; Wzorek, Zbigniew

doi:10.1515/pjct-2015-0009

Abstract

Phosphogypsum is a noxious industrial waste contributing to global environmental and economic problems. This publication focuses above all on phosphogypsum resulting from the processing of apatite as a phosphorus bearing compound, since it contains considerable amounts of lanthanides due to its magma origin. The possibilities of its waste-free processing are large, however they require the application of suitable technologies, frequently expensive ones, and allowing for the individual characteristics of the given waste. The research works conducted so far confirm the possibility of applying phosphogypsum for the recovery of lanthanides, and the process enhances the removal of remaining impurities, thanks to which the purified calcium sulphate (gypsum) may find application for the production of construction materials.

References

1. Kijkowska, R. (1988). Rare Earths in phosphogypsum from the processing of apatite, Monograph 74, Poland: Cracow University of Technology (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
2. Jarosiński, A. (2001). The rules for complex development of the secondary deposits on the example of economic use of apatite phosphogypsum, Scientific Books of Cracow University of Technology, series Engineering and Chemical Technology, No. 27, Cracow (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
3. Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 127 from December 24, 2010 about ‘National Waste Management Plan for 2014’ M.P. 2010 Nr 101 poz. 1183, Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WMP20101011183
Search in Google Scholar
4. „Who are afraid of Chinese prices for elements”, Retrieved January 12, 2013, from http://wyborcza.biz/biznes/2029020,101562,8428192.html (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
5. „Growing contraband of rare earth metals, and Poland?”, Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://www.sztolnie.podziemia.eu/index.php/news/28-rosnie-przemyt-metali-ziem-rzadkich (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
6. „Growing concern about the decreasing resources of transition metals and rare-earth metals”, Retrieved January 14, 2013, from http://forsal.pl/artykuly/395923,rosna_obawy_o_skape_zasoby_metali_przejsciowych_i_metali_ziem_rzadkich.html (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
7. Study on Rare Earths and Their Recycling, Final Report for The Greens/EFA Group in the European Parliament, January 2011.
Search in Google Scholar
8. The What and Why of Rare Earth Metals, The Gold Report, Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://www.theaureport. com/pub/na/8595
Search in Google Scholar
9. Kong, L., Hu, H., Wang, T., Huang, D. & Fu, J. (2011). Synthesis and surface modification of the nanoscale cerium borate as lubricant additive, J. Rare Earths. 29(11), 1095-1099. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)6065-9.
Search in Google Scholar
10. Ramatowski, T., Serafin, M. & Kawalec, M. (2011). Spheroidization of vanadium carbide in Fe-C-V alloys, STAL Metale & Nowe Technologie. 11(12), 31-33. (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
11. Wang, M., Chen, L., Wang, Z. & Bao, E. (2012). Effect of rare earth addition on continuous heating transformation of a high speed steel for rolls, J. Rare Earths. 30(1), 84-89. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60644-8.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60644-8
Search in Google Scholar
12. Xing, S., Yu, S., Deng, Y., Dai, M. & Yu, L. (2012). Effect of cerium on abrasive wear behaviour of hardfacing alloy, J. Rare Earths, 30(1), 69-73. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60641-2.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60641-2
Search in Google Scholar
13. Hao, F., Liao, B., Li, D., Liu, L., Dan, T., Ren, X. & Yang, Q. (2011). Effects of rare earth oxide on hardfacing metal microstructure of medium carbon steel and its refinement mechanism, J. Rare Earths, 29(6), 609-613. DOI: 10.1016/ S1002-0721(10)60507-8.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60507-8
Search in Google Scholar
14. Fan, J., Chen, Z., Yang, W., Fang, S. & Xu, B. (2012). Effect of yttrium, calcium and zirconium on ignition-proof principle and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys, J. Rare Earths, 30(1), 74-78. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60642-4.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60642-4
Search in Google Scholar
15. Mineral Commodity Summaries 2012, U.S. Geological Survey, January 2012, p. 128-129, Retrieved March 28, 2012, from http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2012/mcs2012.pdf
Search in Google Scholar
16. Runowski, M., Grzyb, T. & Lis, S. (2011). Bifunctional luminescent and magnetic core/shell type nanostructures Fe3O4@CeF3:Tbe3+/SiO2. J. Rare Earths, 29(12), 1117-1122. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60609-6.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60609-6
Search in Google Scholar
17. Sułowicz, W. & Sobaszek-Pietras, M. (2008). Fosrenol-new options in treatment of hyperphosphemia in chronic kidney disease, Nefrologia i dializoterapia polska, Wydaw. Prz. Lek. 2, 113-118. (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
18. Zhang, J., Sun, J., Gu, G., Hao, X., Liu, D., Li, Y. & Qin, X. (2012). Effect of La+3 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells, J.Rare Earths 30(1), 90-93. DOI: 10.1016/S10020721(10)60645-X.
Search in Google Scholar
19. Zhang, J., Liu, D., Sun, J., Zhang, D., Shen, S. & Yang, M. (2009). Effect of Dy+3 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse primary bone marrow stromal cells and adipocytic trans-differentation of mouse primary osteoblasts, Chin. Sci. Bull., 54(1), 66-71. DOI: 10.1007/S11434-008-0503-2.10.1007/s11434-008-0503-2
Search in Google Scholar
20. Liu, L., Wang, S., Huang, Y., Zhou, Y., Tong, Y. & Chen, X. (2011). Enhancin water repellence and mechanical properties of antibacterial gelatin/Ce(III) fiber by heat treatment, J. Rare Earths, 29(11), 1084-1088. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)6063-5.
Search in Google Scholar
21. Kijkowska, R., Kowalczyk, J., Mazanek, C. & Mikołajczyk, T. (1989). Fundamentals of non-waste processing of apatie phosphogypsum, Scientific Works of Wrocław University of Technology 59, monograph 28, Wrocław, Poland. (in Polish)
Search in Google Scholar
22. Yang, J., Liu, W., Zhang, L. & Xiao, B. (2009). Preparation of load-bearing building materials from autoclaved phosphogypsum, Constr. Build. Mater. 23 687-693. DOI: 10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2008.02.011
Search in Google Scholar
23. Wang, L., Long, Z., Huang, X., Di, Y., Cui, D. & Zhang, G. (2010). Recovery of rare earths from wet-process phosphoric acid, Hydrometallurgy 101, 41-47. DOI: 10.1016/j. hydromet.2009.11.017.
Search in Google Scholar
24. Pei, L., Wang, L. & Yu, G. (2012). Study on a novel flat renewal supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA and hydrogen nitrate for neodymium extraction, J. Rare Earths, 30 (1), 63-68. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60640-0.10.1016/S1002-0721(10)60640-0
Search in Google Scholar
25. Ibrahim, T.M.M. & El-Hussaini, O.M. (2007). Production of anhydrite-gypsum and recovery of rare earths as a by-product, Hydrometallurgy 87, 11-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet. 2006.11.017.
Search in Google Scholar
26. Fontana, D. & Pietrelli, L. (2009). Separation of middle rare earths by solvent extraction using 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester as an extractant, J. Rare Earths, 27(5), 830-833. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60344-0.10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60344-0
Search in Google Scholar
27. Zhang, Y., Li, J., Huang, X., Wang, C., Zhu, Z. & Zhang, G. (2008). Synergistic extraction of rare earths by mixture of HDEHP and HEH/EHP in sulfuric acid medium, J. Rare Earths, 26(5), 688-692. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60164-7.10.1016/S1002-0721(08)60164-7
Search in Google Scholar
28. Koopman, C. & Witkamp, G.J. (2000). Extraction of lanthanides from the phosphoric acid production process to gain a purified gypsum and a valuable lanthanide by-product, Hydrometallurgy 58, 51-60. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00127-4.10.1016/S0304-386X(00)00127-4
Search in Google Scholar
29. Koopman, C. & Witkamp, G.J. (2002). Ion exchange extraction during continuous recrystallization of CaSO4 in the phosphoric acid production process: lanthanide extraction effi- ciency and CaSO4 particle shape, Hydrometallurgy 63, 137-147. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00219-5.10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00219-5
Search in Google Scholar
30. Degirmenci, N. (2008). The using of waste phosphogypsum and natural gypsum in adobe stabilization, Constr. Build. Mater. 22, 1220-1224. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.027.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.027
Search in Google Scholar
31. Zhou, J., Gao, H., Shu, Z., Wang, Y. & Yan, Ch. (2012). Utilization of waste phosphogypsum to prepare non-fired bricks by a novel Hydration-Recrystallization process, Constr. Build. Mater. 34, 114-119. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.045.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.045
Search in Google Scholar
32. Altun, I. & Sert, Y. (2004). Utilization of weathered phosphogypsum as set retarder in Portland cement, Cement Concrete Res. 34, 677-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.10.017.10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.10.017
Search in Google Scholar
33. Kacimi, L., Simon-Masseron, A., Ghomari, A. & Derriche, Z. (2006). Reduction of clinkerization temperature by using phosphogypsum, J. Hazard. Mater. B137, 129-137. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.053.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.05316533556
Search in Google Scholar
34. Huang, Y. & Lin, Z. (2010) Investigation on phosphogypsum- steel slag granulated blast-furnance slag-limestone cement, Constr. Build. Mater. 24, 1296-1301. DOI: 10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2009.12.006.
Search in Google Scholar
35. Górecki, H., Chojnacka, K., Dobrzański, Z., Kołacz, R., Górecka, H. & Trziszka, T. (2006). The effect of phosphogypsum as the mineral feed additive on fluorine content in eggs and tissues of laying hens, Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 128, 84-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.10.001.10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.10.001
Search in Google Scholar
36. Jorjani, E., Bagherieh, A.H. & Chelgani, S.Ch. (2011). Rare earth elements leaching from Chadormalu apatite concentrate: Laboratory studies and regression predictions, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 28(2), 557-562. DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0383-4.10.1007/s11814-010-0383-4
Search in Google Scholar
37. Gasquez, J.A., DeLima, E., Olsina, R.A., Martinez, L.D. & Guardia, M. (2005). A fast method for apatite selective leaching from granitic rocks followed through rare earth elements and phosphorus determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, Talanta 67, 824-828. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.04.008.10.1016/j.talanta.2005.04.00818970245
Search in Google Scholar
38. Binnemans, K. & Jones, P.T. (2014). Perspectives for the recovery of rare earths from end-of-life fluorescent lamps, J. Rare Earths. 32 (3), 195-200. DOI: 10.1016/S1002- -0721(14)60051-X.
Search in Google Scholar
39. Binnemans, K., Jones, P.T., Blanpain, B., Gerven, T.V., Yang, Y., Walton, A. & Burchert, M. (2013). Recycling of rare earths: a critical review, J. Clean. Prod. 51, 1-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.037. 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.037
Search in Google Scholar
40. The balance of Polish and World minerals in 2009 (1 st ed.). Institute of Mineral and Energy of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Mineral Policy, Cracow 2011 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
41. Podbiera-Matysik, K., Gorazda, K. & Wzorek, Z. (2012). The ways of rare earth elements applications and obtaining, Tech. Trans. 16, 147-156 (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
42. Brzyska, W. (1996) Lanthanides and actinides (2 nd ed.), Contemporary Inorganic Chemistry, Warsaw: Publisher Scientific-Technical (in Polish).
Search in Google Scholar
43. Góralczyk, S. & Uzunów, E. (2013). The recovery of yttrium and europium compounds from waste materials, Arch. Environ. Prot. 39(3), 107-114. DOI:10.2478/aep-2013-0023.10.2478/aep-2013-0023
Search in Google Scholar
44. Walczak, J. Rychłowska-Himmel, I., Kurzawa, M., Górnicki J. & Dębiński, H. (1995). Method of obtaining Rare Earth Element concentrate from phosphogypsum, Polish Patent PL 178169.
Search in Google Scholar
45. Abramov, A.M., Galieva, Z.N., Galiev, R.S., Sabinina, O.R. & Sobol, J.B. (2013), Method for extracting rare earth metals from phosphogypsum, Patent No.WO 2013100823 A2.
Search in Google Scholar
46. Xie, H, Ren, L., Yang, B., Lai, B. & Tan, C. (2013). Mineral fertilizer containing active phosphorus slag and manufacture method thereof, Patent No. CN102976862 (A)
Search in Google Scholar
47. Yasuhiro Konishi , Saito Hansan, Masaya Toda, Toshihiko Okumura (2014). Method For Recovering Rare Earth, Patent No. JP 2014009395 (A).
Search in Google Scholar
48. Fokin, K.S. & Nesterova, E.O. (2013). Method Of Extracting Rare-Earth Metals (Rem) From Phosphogypsum, Patent No. Ru2492255 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
49. Lokshin, E.P., Tareeva, O.A. & Kalinnikov, V.T. (2013). Method of processing phosphogypsum, Patent No. Ru2487083 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
50. Fokin, K.S. & Nesterova, E.O. (2014).Method of processing phosphogypsum, Patent No. RU2504593 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
51. Rychkov, V.N., Kirillov, E.V., Smirnov, A.L., Jazev, V.A. & Ivan Ko, V.A. (2013), Method Of Extracting Rare-Earth Elements From Phosphogypsum, Patent No. RU 2473708 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
52. Kolyasnikov, S.V., Borisov, M.M., Kirillov, E.V. & Rybina, M.L. (2012) Extraction Method Of Rare-Earth Metals From Phosphogypsum, Patent No. RU 2471011 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
53. El-Didamony, H., Gado, H.S., Awwad, N.S., Fawzy, M.M. & Attallah, M.F. (2013). Treatment o f phosphogypsum waste produced from phosphate ore processing, J. Hazard. Mater. 244-245, 596-602. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.2012.10.053.
Search in Google Scholar
54. Lokshin, E.P., Tareeva, O.B. & Kalinnikov, V.T. (2012). Method of phosphogypsum processing for manufacture of concentrate of rare-earth elements and gypsum, Patent No. Ru2458999 (C1).
Search in Google Scholar
55. Bashlykova, T.V., Zhivaeva, A.B., Ashirbaeva, E.A., Danil’chenko, L.M. (2012). Method of processing phosphogypsum with extraction of rare-earth elements and phosphorus, Patent No. RU2010143835 (A).
Search in Google Scholar
56. Bashlykova, T.V., Val’kov, A.V., Zhivaeva, A.B., Pakhomova, G.A., Ashirbaeva, E.A., Danil’chenko, L.M. & Petrov, V. I. (2012). Method of processing of phospho-gypsum, Patent No. RU2010144166 (A).
Search in Google Scholar

Potencial management of waste phosphogypsum with particular focus on recovery of rare earth metals

Abstract

Paradigm

My account