A state-of-the-art review of built environment information modelling (BeIM)

Explored workflows with BIM and GIS integration capabilities in 3D modelling for historic buildings

Proposed enhancement of heritage information management and digital archiving of historic buildings

Use of geometric descriptive language to create Historic BIM

Documentation and analysis of cultural heritage sites

Creation of 3D computer model of two adjacent cities

Explored the convergence of GIS, BIM and 3D city modelling

Location optimization of tower cranes at construction sites

Integrating BIM with GIS at application level through BIM implementation in the geospatial environment

Development of a unified building model

Merging of overlapping concepts in CityGML and IFC

Redefinition of spatial relationship between objects

Visual monitoring of construction supply chain events

Mapping the flow of materials and resources in supply chain

Development of reference ontology to exchange semantic information between IFC models and CityGML models

Harmonization of LoDs in CityGML models and IFC models

Interoperability of CAD and GIS

Use of web ontologies to resolve potential semantic challenges

Proposed a framework for SM between models in IFC and CityGML formats

Integration of 3D BIM network data into 3D city models/GIS

Used SM of building’s interior utility elements to the corresponding utility network in CityGML

Use of spatial operators in SQL to query 3D building data and 3D city models

Creating SQL for building information models

Proposed a multi-scale representation of shield tunnel models (as obtained in GIS) in BIM

Suggested extension of IFC data model to include multi-scale representation of shield tunnels

Translation of BIM and GIS data to Semantic Web format

Generation of database query to access Semantic Web data

Integration of CAD, GIS and BIM through a service-based system

Web service-based integrated visualization of semantic-enhanced information

Developed a Quartierdaten-Management system (QUASY) model, which is a hybrid of IFC and CityGML standard

The model represents semantic objects geometrically described by surfaces visible to the user

Modelling of topology and geometry in IFC

Proposed considerations of geodetic measurements and coordinate frames in IFC

Development of CityGML extension known as GeoBIM

The use of the Web (BIMServer) to implement output

The use of query-based ontological engineering methodology to enable semantic interoperability between CAD and GIS

Implementation of IFC in a geospatial environment for GIS-related investigations

Demonstration of BIM providing sufficient level of information for GIS-based site selection and fire response

Proposed reducing the challenges with spatio-semantic coherence of 3D models in data integration

Visualization of project progress at distributed sites using GIS

Development of mathematical model for time control of repetitive construction tasks

BIM-compliant dynamic integration of project progress

Integrating 3D BIM utilities network into GIS

Development of software component to convert IFC to CityGML

Integration of IFC BIM model in GIS environment

Use of extract, transform, load process to convert IFC data to geographic format and geo-referencing of such data