| Integration approaches using DFC |
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| Saygi et al. 2013 | TurkeyItaly | Historic buildings and heritage site | GISAutoCADBIM (Revit) | |
| Dore and Murphy 2012 | Ireland | Historic buildings and heritage site | CityGMLBIM (ArchiCAD) | |
| Thompson et al. 2011 | UK | Integration of cities | GIS | Creation of 3D computer model of two adjacent cities Explored the convergence of GIS, BIM and 3D city modelling
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| Irizarry and Karan 2012 | USA | Construction site management | GISRevit Architecture | |
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| Integration approaches using the SM approach |
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| El-Mekawy et al. 2012 | Sweden | Building elements and features | CityGMLIFC | Development of a unified building model Merging of overlapping concepts in CityGML and IFC Redefinition of spatial relationship between objects
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| Irizarry et al. 2013 | USACanada | Construction supply chain management | GISIFC | |
| Cheng et al. 2013 | China | Levels of detail | IFCCityGML | |
| Akinci et al. 2010 | USA | Semantic Web | CADGIS | |
| Isikdag and Zlatanova 2009 | The Netherlands | Level of detail | IFCCityGML | |
| Hijazi et al. 2011 | Germany | Interior utilities | IFCCityGML | |
| Borrmann 2010 | Germany | Spatial analysis | Spatial querylanguage (SQL)IFCCityGML | |
| Borrmann et al. 2015 | Germany | Shield tunnels | IFCGIS | |
| Karan and Irizarry 2015 | USA | Semantic Web on preconstruction operations | GISBIMXML | |
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| Integration approaches using the SM approach |
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| Karan et al. 2015 |
| Döllner and Hagedorn 2007 | Germany | Semantic Web | CADGISBIM | Integration of CAD, GIS and BIM through a service-based system Web service-based integrated visualization of semantic-enhanced information
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| Benner et al. 2005 | Germany | Building elements and features | IFCCityGML | Developed a Quartierdaten-Management system (QUASY) model, which is a hybrid of IFC and CityGML standard The model represents semantic objects geometrically described by surfaces visible to the user
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| Clemen and Gründig 2006 | Germany | Land survey | IFCGIS | |
| de Laat and van Berlo 2011 | Netherlands | Semantic Web | CityGMLIFCBIMServer | |
| Peachavanish et al. 2006 | ThailandUSA | Data exchange | CADGIS | |
| Isikdag et al. 2008 | TurkeyUK | Site selection and safety management | IFCGIS | |
| Stadler and Kolbe 2007 | Germany | Spatial analysis | CityGMLIFC | |
| Elbeltagi and Dawood 2011 | Egypt | Project management | GISBIM (Revit)MS Project | Visualization of project progress at distributed sites using GIS Development of mathematical model for time control of repetitive construction tasks BIM-compliant dynamic integration of project progress
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| Integration approaches combining DFC and SM |
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| Hijazi et al. 2009 | Germany/The Netherlands/Turkey | Water utility network | CADBIMGIS | |
| Rafiee et al. 2014 | The Netherlands | View coverage and shadow analysis | IFCGIS | Integration of IFC BIM model in GIS environment Use of extract, transform, load process to convert IFC data to geographic format and geo-referencing of such data
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