Fig. 1

Energy efficiency (EE) and built heritage (BH) financial incentive types used in Europe and the USA_
| Incentive | Subsidies | Tax | Grants | Loans | Third party | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | EE | BH | EE | BH | EE | BH | EE | BH | EE | BH | 
| Austria | − | +P | − | + | +P | + | +P | + | + | |
| Belgium | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | 
| Bulgaria | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | 
| Denmark | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | − | + | 
| France | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | 
| Germany | − | +P | − | + | + | + | + | − | + | |
| Italy | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | + | 
| The Netherlands | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 
| Portugal | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | − | − | + | 
| Romania | − | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | − | + | 
| Spain | − | − | − | + | + | − | + | − | + | + | 
| Switzerland | − | + | + | − | + | + | − | − | + | + | 
| UK | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | + | 
| USA | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + |