Table 1
Studies on marine cladocerans in Turkey
| Reference | Study area | Cladocera species |
|---|---|---|
| Tarkan 2000 | Gökçeada | Evadne nordmanni, Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera |
| Tarkan et al. 2001 | Gökçeada | Evadne nordmanni, Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera, Pseudevadne tergestina, Podon intermedius |
| Toklu-Alıçlı & Sarıhan 2003 | İskenderun Bay | Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera |
| Aker & Özel 2006 | İzmir Bay | Evadne nordmanni, Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera, Penilia avirostris, Pleopis polyphemoides |
| Büyükateş & İnanmaz 2007 | Kepez Harbor, Dardanelles Strait | Pleopis polyphemoides, Evadne nordmanni, Penilia avirostris |
| İşinibilir 2008 | Güllük Bay | Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera, Penilia avirostris, Podon leuckartii, Pleopis polyphemoides |
| Büyükateş & İnanmaz 2010 | Dardanelles Kepez Harbor, Strait | Pleopis polyphemoides, Evadne nordmanni, Penilia avirostris |
| Gülşahin & Tarkan 2012 | Gökova Bay | Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera, Pseudevadne tergestina, Pleopis polyphemoides, Podon intermedius |
| Terbıyık Kurt & Polat 2014 | İskenderun Bay | Penilia avirostris, Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera, Pleopis polyphemoides, Podon intermedius |
| Toklu-Alıçlı et al. 2014 | Gulf Marmara of Erdek, Sea | Evadne spinifera, Pleopis polyphemoides, Penilia avirostris |
| Toklu-Alıçlı & Sarıhan 2016 | İskenderun Bay | Evadne spinifera, Pseudevadne tergestina, Penilia avirostris, Podon polyphemoides |
| Terbıyık Kurt & Polat 2017 | İskenderun Bay | Evadne spinifera, Penilia avirostris, Pleopis polyphemoides, Podon schmackeri, Podon intermedius, Pseudevadne tergestina |
| Terbıyık Kurt et al. 2018 | İskenderun Bay | Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera, Pseudevadne tergestina, Evadne nordmanni, Pleopis polyphemoides, Podon intermedius |
Figure 1
Sampling locations in Güllük Bay. Sampling sites: 1 – Lagoon entrance 1; 2 – Lagoon entrance 2; 3 – Kıyıkışlacık
Figure 2
Mean temperature and salinity values in the study area by months
Figure 3
Mean dissolved oxygen (DO) and Chl a values in the study area by months
Figure 4
Mean nitrate values in the study area by months
Figure 5
Mean abundance values of Cladocera species according to the seasons
Table 2
PERANOVA results with regard to differences in the abundance of Cladocera species according to season and location. Statistically significant (and ecologically relevant) effects are marked in bold (α = 0.05), including those for posteriori pairwise comparisons (# = permutational value based on 9999 permutations). See also Figure 6
| Source of variation | df | MS | F# | t# | p# |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | 3 | 17.29 | 5.07 | 0.0001 | |
| Spring vs Summer | 2.78 | 0.0002 | |||
| Spring vs Autumn | 1.94 | 0.0357 | |||
| Spring vs Winter | 2.23 | 0.0436 | |||
| Summer vs Autumn | 2.26 | 0.0014 | |||
| Summer vs Winter | 2.39 | 0.0102 | |||
| Autumn vs Winter | 1.50 | 0.1669 | |||
| Sampling location | 2 | 0.69 | 0.20 | 0.9914 | |
| Season × sampling location | 6 | 0.51 | 0.15 | 1.0000 | |
| Residual | 21 | 3.41 |
Figure 6
Constrained ordination relating cladoceran data to predictor variables. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) of zero-adjusted Bray-Curtis dissimilarities calculated from square-root transformed abundance of four cladocerans vs water temperature and dissolved oxygen, identified as the best two-variable model using the AICc selection criterion. Colors denote the three sampling locations in Güllük Bay
Table 3
Results of DISTLM analysis on physicochemical variables
| variable | Marginal tests | Sequential tests | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS (trace) | Pseudo-F | p | SS (trace) | Pseudo-F | p | |
| T | 10249 | 6.8112 | 0.0002 | 10249 | 6.8112 | 0.0001 |
| DO | 3153.3 | 1.8188 | 0.1178 | 4521.3 | 3.2198 | 0.0159 |
| Chl a | 7155 | 4.4590 | 0.0027 | 2137.3 | 1.5499 | 0.1852 |
| NO3 | 2797.8 | 1.6032 | 0.1747 | 1041.9 | 0.7490 | 0.5612 |
| Salinity | 4196.1 | 2.4682 | 0.0440 | 499.9 | 0.3510 | 0.8494 |