Biodiversity of benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea): a case study of the Hel Peninsula

Samples	Φ	λ	Location	Type of substrate
				sediments		macroflora
				stones	sand	seagrass	macroalgae
HP1/1014	54°35ʹ34.2ʹʹN	18°48ʹ38.8ʹʹE	Hel		✓	✓
HP2/1014	54°35ʹ39.3ʹʹN	18°48ʹ35.7ʹʹE	Hel	✓	✓	✓	✓
HP3/1014	54°35ʹ41.2ʹʹN	18°48ʹ30.6ʹʹE	Hel	✓	✓	✓
HP4/1014	54°36ʹ22.7ʹʹN	18°47ʹ59.6ʹʹE	Hel		✓	✓	✓
HP5/1014	54°40ʹ51.98ʹʹN	18°42ʹ29.48ʹʹE	Jurata	✓	✓	✓
HP6/1014	54°40ʹ56.3ʹʹN	18°42ʹ36.4ʹʹE	Jurata	✓	✓	✓
HP7/1014	54°41ʹ38.6ʹʹN	18°40ʹ21.1ʹʹE	Jastarnia	✓	✓	✓
HP8/1014	54°41ʹ45.5ʹʹN	18°40ʹ13.8ʹʹE	Jastarnia		✓	✓
HP9/1014	54°47ʹ10.4ʹʹN	18°25ʹ18.3ʹʹE	Jastarnia	✓	✓	✓	✓
HP10/1014	54°41ʹ05.4ʹʹN	18°40ʹ13.3ʹʹE	Kuźnica	✓	✓	✓
HP11/1014	54°44ʹ01.2ʹʹN	18°35ʹ13.2ʹʹE	Kuźnica		✓	✓
HP12/1014	54°44ʹ13.3ʹʹN	18°34ʹ42.7ʹʹE	Kuźnica	✓	✓	✓
HP13/1014	54°44ʹ52.1ʹʹN	18°32ʹ47.1ʹʹE	Chałupy	✓	✓	✓
HP14/1014	54°45ʹ30.3ʹʹN	18°30ʹ59.1ʹʹE	Chałupy	✓	✓	✓
HP15/1014	54°45ʹ40.6ʹʹN	18°30ʹ24.1ʹʹE	Chałupy	✓	✓	✓	✓
HP16/1014	54°46ʹ29.9ʹʹN	18°27ʹ56.5ʹʹE	Chałupy		✓	✓	✓

Table 2

Classification of the diatom flora according to autecological preferences

Habitat:	Salinity:
planktic – living in the water column	euhalobous – marine species with the optimum at salinity of 30–40 PSU
benthic – developing on any type of substrate:	mesohalobous – brackish-water species living at salinity of 5–20 PSU
epilithon – growing on stones	oligohalobous – species living in fresh water:
epiphyton – growing on plants	halophilous – reaching the optimum at salinity < 5 PSU
epipsammon – growing on sands	indifferent – euryhaline forms tolerating a low content of salts
	halophobous – stenohaline forms that do not tolerate even the lowest salinity
Trophic status:	Saprobity:
eutraphentic – living in very fertile water	polysaprobous – living in heavily polluted water
eu-mesotraphenti c – living in fertile water	α-mesosaprobous – living in moderately polluted water
mesotraphentic – living in water of moderate fertility	α-β-mesosaprobous – living in intermediate conditions between α- and β-mesosaprobity
meso-oligotraphenti c – living in relatively nutrient-poor water
oligotraphentic – living in nutrient-poor water	β-mesosaprobous – living in less polluted water
eu-dystraphenti c – diatoms with high nutrient tolerance	oligosaprobous – living in low polluted water
	xenosaprobous – living in clean water

Table 3

The number of diatom taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms) vs ecological preferences

	Salinity*				Trophic status**						Saprobity***							Total
	eh	mh	oh	oi	et	emt	mt	ot	edt	ir	ps	ams	abms	bms	os	x	ir	Total
Epilithon	8	27	16	21	35	10	2	5	1	19	2	17	3	24	4	-	22	72
Epipsammon	12	36	17	25	39	13	4	8	1	25	2	13	4	26	8	1	36	90
Epiphyton	13	33	17	22	33	8	4	7	2	31	2	16	3	22	2	1	39	85
Total	19	50	24	40	51	17	7	12	2	44	2	21	5	36	13	1	55	133

* eh – euhalobous, mh – mesohalobous, oh – oligohalobous halophilous, oi – oligohalobous indifl erent

** et – eutraphentic, emt – eu-mesotraphentic, mt – mesotraphentic, ot – oligotraphentic, edt – eu-dystraphentic, ir – irrelevant

*** ps – polysaprobous, ams – α-mesosaprobous, abms – α-β-mesosaprobous, bms – β-mesosaprobous, os – oligosaprobous, x – xenosaprobous, ir – irrelevant

Percentage content of the diatom ecological groups in epilithon and epipsammon

Frequency of the main diatom taxa in epilithon and epipsammon; eu-meso – eu-mesotraphentic, meso – mesotraphentic, oligo – oligotraphentic

Percentage content of diatom ecological groups in epiphyton (seagrass and macroalgae)

Frequency of the main diatom taxa in epiphyton (seagrass and macroalgae); eu-meso – eu-mesotraphentic, meso – mesotraphentic, oligo – oligotraphentic

Table 4

Distribution and autecology of the main diatom taxa in the study area

Diatom taxa	Salinity*	Trophic status*	Saprobity*	Habitat
Diatom taxa	Salinity*	Trophic status*	Saprobity*	Epilithon	Epipsammon	Epiphyton
Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg	oh	et	bms			✓
C. placentula var. euglypta (Ehrenberg) Grunow	oi	et	bms	✓	✓	✓
C. placentula var. placentula Ehrenberg	oi	et	bms		✓
C. scutellum var. scutellum Ehrenberg	eh	et	bms			✓
Catenula adhaerens Mereschkovsky	eh	et	bms		✓
Ctenophora pulchella (Ralfs ex Kützing) D.M. Williams & Round	oh	et	ams			✓
Denti cula creti cola (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot & Krammer	mh	ir	ir	✓
Diatoma moniliformis (Kützing) D.M. Williams	oh	et	bms	✓	✓
Diatoma tenuis C. Agardh	oi	mt	ams	✓
Fallacia clepsidroides Witkowski	mh	ir	ir	✓	✓
Gedaniella fl avovirens (Takano) Li, Witkowski & Ashworth	mh	et	ams	✓	✓
G. guenter-grassii (Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot) Li, Sato & Witkowski	mh	ot	os	✓	✓	✓
G. mutabilis (Grunow) Li & Witkowski	mh	et	bms	✓	✓	✓
Gomphonema olivaceum (Hornemann) Ehrenberg	oi	emt	bms			✓
Gomphonemopsis obscura (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot	mh	ir	ir			✓
Halamphora coffeaeformis (C. Agardh) Mereschkowsky	eh	et	ams	✓	✓
Mastogloia pumila (Grunow) Cleve	eh	ir	ir			✓
M. smithii Thwaites ex W. Smith	oh	ir	ir			✓
N. germanopolonica Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot	mh	emt	bms		✓
N. gregaria Donkin	mh	et	ams	✓	✓
N. paul-schulzii Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot	mh	ir	ir	✓	✓
N. perminuta Grunow in Van Heurck	mh	mt	ps	✓	✓
Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow	oh	et	bms	✓	✓	✓
Opephora krumbeinii Witkowski, Witak & Stachura	eh	et	bms		✓	✓
Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round & Bukhti yarova	mh	et	bms	✓	✓
P. engelbrechti i (Cholnoky) Round & Bukhti yarova	mh	et	bms		✓
Rhoicosphaenia abbreviata (C. Agardh) Lange-Bertalot	oh	et	ams	✓	✓
Staurosira venter (Ehrenberg) Cleve & Möller	oi	met	bms			✓
Tabularia fasciculata (C.Agardh) D.M.Williams & Round	mh	et	abms		✓	✓

* for explanations see Table 3

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0027 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 304 - 318

Submitted on: Jan 3, 2020

Accepted on: Apr 7, 2020

Published online: Sep 25, 2020

Published in print: Sep 25, 2020

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

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ecology,

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© 2020 Małgorzata Witak, Jarosław Pędziński, Sandra Oliwa, Dominika Hetko, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 49 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Biodiversity of benthic diatom flora in the coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea): a case study of the Hel Peninsula

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Table 2

Table 3

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