Response of phytoplankton to heavy pollution of water bodies

Characteristics	Unit	Ponds
Characteristics	Unit	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)
Area	ha	0.53	0.72	0.74	0.19	0.42
Average depth	m	1.5	2.5	2.0	1.0	1.5
Transparency	m	0.4	0.7	0.7	0.4	0.5

Table 2

Average values of physicochemical variables in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park in July 2016

Variables	Unit	Ponds
Variables	Unit	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)
NH₄⁺-N	mg l⁻¹	74.0	0.04	0.02	0.18	0.08
NO₂⁻-N		1.750	0.036	0.035	0.065	0.002
NO₃⁻-N		58.0	3.08	5.62	0.65	0.13
P_inorg.		0.120	0.088	0.090	0.160	0.041
Cl₋		560.5	78.0	70.4	37.7	35.4
Permanganate oxidizability (PO)	mg O l⁻¹	10.4	6.1	4.4	5.8	5.8
Dichromate oxidizability (DO)	mg O l⁻¹	81.0	54.0	22.0	20.0	18.0
pH		8.21	8.13	7.98	8.47	8.49
T	°C	24.5	22.0	19.0	21.0	22.5

Table 3

The number of plankton algae species (infraspecific taxa) in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park in July 2016

Divisions	Ponds					Total
Divisions	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)	Total
Cyanoprokaryota			1 2.3	1 3.0	2 4.9	3 3.2
Euglenophyta	7 33.3	5 13.8	4 9.1	4 12.2	1 2.4	13 13.9
Chrysophyta		1 2.8	1 2.3	1 3.0		1 1.1
Xanthophyta				1 3.0	1 2.4	2 2.2
Bacillariophyta	5 23.8	6 16.7	14 31.8	8 24.2	9 22.0	28 30.1
Dinophyta				2 6.1	2 4.9	2 2.2
Chlorophyta	9 42.9	24 (26) 66.7	24 (26) 54.5	16 48.5	26 (27) 63.4	44 (47) 47.3
Total	21 100	36 (38) 100	44 (46) 100	33 00	41 (42) 100	93 (96) 100

[i] Note: The absolute number of species is given above the bar, their number in percentage terms – below the bar. The number of species with infraspecific taxa is given in parentheses.

Dendrogram of similarity of phytoplankton species composition in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park

Table 4

Phytoplankton cell numbers in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park in July 2016

Divisions	Ponds
Divisions	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)
Cyanoprokaryota			1824 4.6	180 1.0	1856 4.2
Euglenophyta	466 0.5	56 0.1	178 0.5	54 0.3	16 0.1
Chrysophyta		256 0.4	3556 9.0	90 0.5
Xanthophyta				48 0.3	16 0.1
Bacillariophyta	158 0.2	424 0.7	3372 8.5	8112 45.5	5880 13.3
Dinophyta				18 0.1	32 0.1
Chlorophyta	87 945 99.3	59 368 98.8	30 580 77.4	9326 52.3	36 274 82.2
On the whole	88 569 100	60 104 100	39 510 100	17 828 100	44 074 100

[i] Note: The absolute values of algal numbers (thousand cells l⁻¹) are given above the bar, their numbers in percentage terms – below the bar.

Table 5

Phytoplankton biomass in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park in July 2016

Divisions	Ponds
Divisions	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)
Cyanoprokaryota			0.036 0.2	0.004 0.1	0.052 0.2
Euglenophyta	3.160 38.4	0.373 2.1	0.838 5.6	0.512 4.7	0.045 0.1
Chrysophyta		0.384 2.2	3.897 26.2	0.135 1.2
Xanthophyta				0.062 0.6	0.008 0.1
Bacillariophyta	0.064 0.8	0.519 2.9	2.239 15.0	7.870 72.5	21.978 64.2
Dinophyta				0.234 2.2	0.555 1.6
Chlorophyta	5.011 60.8	16.563 92.8	7.897 53.0	2.029 18.7	11.587 33.8
On the whole	8.235 100	17.839 100	14.907 100	10.846 100	34.225 100

[i] Note: The absolute values of algal biomass (mg l⁻¹) are given above the bar, their biomass in percentage terms – below the bar.

Table 6

Phytoplankton structural characteristics, the saprobic index, and the C_car/C_chl ratio in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park

Indices	Ponds
Indices	Rusalka (1)	Laznevy (2)	Dzerkalny (3)	Lebedyny (4)	Sribny Serpanok (5)
Shannon index (H’)
in terms of numbers	0.38	1.88	2.51	1.94	2.54
in terms of biomass	1.96	1.42	2.39	2.02	2.27
Dimensional structure (B/N)	0.09	0.30	0.38	0.61	0.78
Saprobic index (S)	3.11	2.31	2.10	1.91	1.91
С_car/С_chl ratio	0.70	0.37	0.40	0.49	0.32

[i] Note: B– biomass; N– numbers; C_car – the total content of carotenoids; C_chl – chlorophyll a content.

Table 7

Algal species dominating in the water column of the ponds in the Oleksandriya Nature Park and their ecological characteristics

Taxa	Ecological characteristics			Ponds
Taxa	hal	S	S	1	2	3	4	5
Chlorophyta
Chlorella vulgaris Beijer.	hl	p-α	3.6	d	d	d	d	–
Desmodesmus armatus (Chodat) E. Hegew.		o-α		+	+	+	+	d
D. armatus var. bicaudatus (Guglielm.) E. Hegew.		β		–	+	+	–	d
Desmodesmus brasiliensis (Bohlin) E. Hegew.		β	2.0	–	+	+	–	d
Monoraphidium komarkovae Nygaard				d	+	+	+	–
Monoraphidium minutum (Nägeli) Komárk.-Legn.		β-α		–	+	+	d	+
Mychonastes homosphaera (Skuja) Kalina et Punčoch.		β		–	d	+	–	–
Oocysti s marsonii Lemmerm.		β-o		+	d	–	–	+
Pandorina morum (O.F. Müll.) Bory	i	β	2.0	+	+	d	–	–
Pteromonas armata Korschikov				–	–	–	d	–
Euglenophyta
Euglena viridis (O.F. Müll.) Ehrenb.	mh	p-α	4.5	d	–	–	–	–
Bacillariophyta
Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simonsen	i	β	1.8	–	–	+	d	d
Ulnaria acus (Kütz.) Aboal	i	β	1.85	–	+	+	d	–
Chrysophyta
Synura petersenii Korschikov	hb	β	2.25	–	+	d	+	–

[i] Note: hal – relation to water salinity (halobity); S– saprobity zone; S – saprobic index; “d” – dominant species; “+” – species did not belong to dominants;“–“ – species was not found.

Contribution of halophiles and mesohalobes to the numbers of algae – indicators of water salinity

Contribution of poly-saprobionts to the numbers of algae – indicators of organic contamination

Contribution of β-mesosaprobionts to the numbers of algae – indicators of organic contamination

Table 8

Pearson correlations of physicochemical variables and the number of phytoplankton species in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park

Variables	Number of species
Variables	total	Cyan	Eugl	Bac	Chl
NH₄⁺-N	−0.88	−0.53	0.72	−0.54	−0.84
NO₂⁻-N	−0.89	−0.55	0.74	−0.54	−0.86
NO₃⁻-N	−0.85	−0.57	0.75	−0.49	−0.83
P_inorg.	−0.52	−0.46	0.59	−0.25	−0.72
Cl⁻	−0.87	−0.59	0.76	−0.53	−0.83
PO	−0.95	−0.55	0.67	−0.76	−0.83
DO	−0.82	−0.84	0.85	−0.72	−0.65
рН	−0.16	0.55	−0.50	−0.33	−0.09
T (0C)	−0.79	−0.32	0.35	−0.87	−0.56

[i] Note: Cyan – Cyanoprokaryota, Eugl – Euglenophyta, Bac – Bacillariophyta, Chl – Chlorophyta. n = 15. Correlations marked in bold are significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 9

Pearson correlations of physicochemical variables and phytoplankton numbers in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park

Variables	Numbers
Variables	total	Cyan	Eugl	Bac	Chl	Chlorella vulgaris
NH₄⁺-N	0.82	−0.44	0.94	−0.56	0.80	0.99
NO₂^--N	0.81	−0.46	0.95	−0.55	0.80	0.99
NO₃^--N	0.83	−0.42	0.97	−0.60	0.82	0.99
P_inorg.	−0.18	−0.68	0.29	−0.18	−0.15	0.27
Cl^-	0.85	−0.45	0.96	−0.62	0.84	0.99
PO	0.82	−0.59	0.81	−0.52	0.82	0.93
DO	0.92	−0.68	0.78	−0.84	0.94	0.87
рН	−0.36	−0.04	−0.38	0.70	−0.36	−0.22
T (0C)	0.74	−0.50	0.49	−0.41	0.75	0.69

[i] Note: Cyan – Cyanoprokaryota, Eugl – Euglenophyta, Bac – Bacillariophyta, Chl – Chlorophyta. n = 15. Correlations marked in bold are significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 10

Pearson correlations of physicochemical variables and phytoplankton biomass in the ponds of the Oleksandriya Nature Park

Variables	Biomass
Variables	total	Cyan	Eugl	Bac	Chl	Chlorella vulgaris
NH₄⁺-N	−0.49	−0.43	0.97	−0.39	−0.36	0.99
NO₂^--N	−0.52	−0.45	0.98	−0.41	−0.37	0.99
NO₃^--N	−0.52	−0.43	0.99	−0.45	−0.34	0.99
P_inorg.	−0.86	−0.75	0.36	−0.52	−0.73	0.27
Cl^-	−0.52	−0.45	0.98	−0.46	−0.31	0.99
PO	−0.41	−0.52	0.88	−0.31	−0.26	0.96
DO	−0.50	−0.67	0.82	−0.63	0.07	0.88
рН	0.40	0.15	−0.28	0.67	−0.27	−0.17
T (0C)	−0.01	−0.35	0.58	0.04	0.03	0.73

[i] Note: Cyan – Cyanoprokaryota, Eugl – Euglenophyta, Bac – Bacillariophyta, Chl – Chlorophyta. n = 15. Correlations marked in bold are significant at p ≤ 0.05.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0024 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 267 - 280

Submitted on: Jan 24, 2020

Accepted on: Apr 7, 2020

Published on: Sep 25, 2020

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

phytoplankton structure

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© 2020 Tatyana Shevchenko, Peter Klochenko, Inna Nezbrytska, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 49 (2020): Issue 3 (September 2020)

Response of phytoplankton to heavy pollution of water bodies

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Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

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Table 5

Table 6

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