Figure 1

Figure 2
![Structure of a compound used in terminating electrolyte 4,4’-bis[(1-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentan-3-on)at]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647264ce215d2f6c89dc6936/j_ohs-2020-0022_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKIVBXLBNR%2F20251212%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251212T062948Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEDMaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJIMEYCIQDtkGNLHkmD8WZ2Xdrn8KemAmnmj8eQH8VFeeoLYrUNuQIhAIPwOI3%2Fu7n0b%2BjwB7bYcOMCN49V4ME2boWeHz2UrJekKsYFCPz%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEQAhoMOTYzMTM0Mjg5OTQwIgxdfbrIf6PSZlI1tf4qmgVG0MBdFejVxX71Ogpte7FNouNM6%2FNEPBCtKG4XKmWxBj7bhUt%2FU2EsRsb4HPmzSWhIY%2BUwazfVXIMeEciUqdqcmn4ddVmQmKDyFlY08Yk%2F7beai05ML%2B1CMjfYkSFKukBwW6x4WBOHVh4DuTpm1ognkPQWyM77ObcZgNVL4HqbObOlIwMnJLxPCYPPNc65CH3%2B4s8YAUQXA%2Bo0IAGPawhTsZwx%2BvpZ06ph%2BXwy9zAPt1UicTwEOAZX08e9IeRvsey2brFpbHOO2qfKyKo2xBpu71jEzBC8%2BeHL0Je%2BPODFVhnTtI%2BRWk9nUien%2BpgiT2BqQb0CgAvWSRANFTCYxkkcdzR729BpMM5zr3Blc%2BmL94P8zKyqusuPaaHNG02Wua9y0tTj2YWlbHGyenMUAyNU4RsL3jCeju8%2BgVS2Qg6kXveb5HKgArboZzwJJEHWqqWgADvhZYgkK4laY%2BtDY1v04NN5ekiyHWRn5oS75FiqzToPE1owNFTKsDF%2BlHx8OeMjPN9GsTJZD0AIy8quG%2FPsDznZnGNKcgzkO3lDFPaGT6VLlluCuCHso5HS1NfLBDat8Fq6KCQwa4%2F5CiR2NoXb%2F4eWTbfL3morWYE871hid0GJNbQjfpLeMNiVqvbU21O1DxPdoMTdVwXV9euuSz27I%2B1EZYaMNgW%2FA6bqg7KUgP29qMuNFheQUcCpKB16Wciq6mFS%2FNedszhDaA9vsFpPHzvZsbUvL%2BdRI4TJ%2FaNEvWiMpPilB3JLWgwubmMDVzpgYmiNbAH%2FhgSVWSoPT4QaYXGPX0KEdqua6OJxR9aRL4jVJpAb3PafERmW0lZ5cAhr3YuaIYFzdohoVw5iSHnrGQEdYyl2Tm0v0i%2Fg9b7jnYV%2FWkYDBtOVxAswsovuyQY6sAFtEGMaiCS5MvCnRkqH6%2BUW6NpoLB2gQZBAXfgVRMKSxon2UneDXjSiPJpFw5rez2j3ujxjkUhH%2FjRDhsHYjLb0LUo5dl1gme%2BsBfs%2BxRi5y5onZNy5cqtJcw%2BE0IJJIMoUPfedtCGhIklJyDRnP6NoIFuaRPqmZ6ZFKgbwPSgwhQvgxVL8i0MCQzNPQHJ5abUykJf0O9KkGt7%2BwBD%2BD3IaZhNfs%2F1dLG3ZFu6aOCPVCQ%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=977f719c01c1b6c9098272a018858736719decbeb917b050320b63a4a1f4706c&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3

Figure 4

Optimum conditions for isotachophoretic separation of a mixture 1-(N-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentan-3-on)at (72), 1-(N-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxa-4-methylcyclopentan-3-on)at (73), 1-(N-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxa-4-(i-propyl)cyclopentan-3-on)at (79)
| Considered parameters | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | Time (s) | Intensity (μA) | Comp (10 mV) | Conductometric detector |
| 1 | 50 | 80 | 0 | |
| 2 | 70 | 120 | 50 | |
| 3 | 20 | 90 | 0 | X |
| 4 | 250 | 50 | 50 | |
| 5 | 325 | 120 | 0 | X |
Characteristic of the applied analytical method
| Analyte | Linearity determination coefficient above 0.9987 | Coefficient of variation n = 6, the samples were analyzed twice | Limit of detection calculated from the limit of identification and coefficients of the calibration curve | Limit of quantification LOQ = 3.3 x LOD | Recovery the sample was enriched with 4 ml of a solution containing 2 μg fil-1 of the examined ion, n = 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (72) | 3.1–50.4 | 3.0–4.2 | 2.2 | 7.3 | 91 ± 5 |
| (73) | 2.8–49.6 | 3.2–4.5 | 2.1 | 6.9 | 92 ± 3 |
| (79) | 2.9–51.3 | 2.8–4.1 | 2.3 | 7.6 | 92 ± 4 |
Mean recovery values [1-(N-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentan-3-on)at (72), 1-(N-morpho liniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxa-4-methylcyclopentan-3-on)at (73), 1-(N-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxa-4-(i-propyl)cyclopentan-3-on)at (79)] obtained on the columns used in the study (n = 5)
| Type of extraction column | Mean recovery values and SD (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (72) | (73) | (79) | |
| RP Si–C18 | 85.3 ± 4.2 | 84.7 ± 3.9 | 85.1 ± 3.5 |
| RP Si–C8 | 82.2 ± 4.3 | 82.9 ± 4.9 | 83.7 ± 4.6 |
| RP Si–FP | 89.3 ± 3.9 | 91.3 ± 3.6 | 93.9 ± 4.1 |
Common parameters of optimal (72), (73) and (79) separation and determination by the isotachophoresis method
| Parameters of the method | |
|---|---|
| UV filter (nm) | 200 |
| High Voltage Limit (kV) | 12 |
| Sample rate (smp s−1) | 50 |
| Polarity | + cations |