Figure 1
Figure 2
Stable isotope ratio of nitrogen and carbon in the muscles of herring gulls collected in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic in 2010–2012 (δ13C = 0_6651 δ15N–30_4105, r = 0_5287, p = 0_042)
| Parameter | Larus argentatus | Uria aalge | Accipiter nisus | Ardeola bacchus | Amaurornis phoenicurrus | Gallinago gallinago | Gallirallus striatus | Streptopelia chinensis | Francolinus pintadeanus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α–HBCD | 33.1 (1.6–87.9) | – | – | 1995.0 (420.0–5058.0) | 25.5 (nd–66.6) | 6.9 (nd–169.0) | nd (nd–42.5) | 14.2 (nd–243.0) | 19.8 (10.0–25.6) |
| β–HBCD | (0.84.7 –13.3) | – | – | nd(nd –8.7) | nd(nd –22.9) | nd(nd –27.1) | nd | nd(nd –19.1) | 0.3(nd –4.7) |
| γ–HBCD | 2.4 (0.4–2.0) | – | – | nd (nd–64.0) | 27.0 (nd–305.0) | 14.1 (nd–27.1) | nd (nd–216.0) | 54.3 (16.6–229.0) | 22.0 (20.2–75.2) |
| ΣHBCD | (2.140.6 –146.8) | (53.264.7 –78.7) | 84–19000 | 1995.0(460.0 –5058.0) | 73.4(nd –394.0) | 52.0(nd –344.0) | nd–216.0 | 73.6(19.0 –492.0) | 47.5(30.5 –99.7) |
| Sampling date | 2010–2012 | 2000–2002 | 1975–2001 | 2005–2008 | 2005–2008 | 2005–2008 | 2005–2008 | 2005–2008 | 2005–2008 |
| Sampling region | Baltic Sea – southern coastal area | Baltic Sea –Stora Karlsö island | United Kingdom | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China | Pearl River, Qingyuan Country, China |
| Type of habitat | marine ecosystem, coastal region | marine ecosystem | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | river delta, electronic waste recycling region | |
| References | this study | Lunestedt– Enkel et al.2006 | De Boer et al. 2004 | He et al. 2010 | He et al. 2010 | He et al. 2010 | He et al. 2010 | He et al. 2010 | He et al. 2010 |
Statistical characteristics of t he concentration of HBCD main isomers and ΣHBCD (in ng per g lipid weight) in the muscles and liver of mature and immature Larus argentatus from the Gulf of Gdansk depending on sex
| Parameter | Muscles | Liver | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |||||
| Mature | Immature | Mature | Immature | Mature | Immature | Mature | Immature | |
| n = 7 | n = 11 | n = 9 | n = 10 | n = 7 | n = 11 | n = 9 | n = 10 | |
| Lipid (%) | 3.23 ± 0.24 | 3.23 ± 0.31 | 3.19 ± 0.29 | 3.43 ± 0.39 | 4.51 ± 0.33 | 4.24 ± 0.09 | 4.92 ± 0.35 | 4.46 ± 0.29 |
| (3.01–3.48) | (2.76–3.55) | (2.85–3.55) | (3.17–3.87) | (4.23–4.87) | (3.98–4.34) | (3.50–4.54) | (4.13–4.70) | |
| HBCD α-isomer | 22.71 ± 19.97 | 26.33 ± 21.17 | 27.82 ± 17.34 | 49.84 ± 28.65 | 42.08 ± 24.60 | 52.85 ± 23.42 | 36.97 ± 21.05 | 76.72 ± 24.54 |
| (2.12–55.35) | (1.55–71.25) | (2.70–51.25) | (2.15–87.71) | (12.15–71.25) | (14.50–85.80) | (5.36–65.70) | (33.00–112.87) | |
| HBCD β-isomer | 3.41 ± 2.48 | 5.52 ± 4.95 | 7.34 ± 2.60 | 3.46 ± 2.75 | 4.52 ± 2.65 | 3.47 ± 1.98 | 7.72 ± 4.38 | 6.69 ± 3.89 |
| (1.27–6.12) | (0.85–13.32) | (4.36–9.15) | (0.81–8.71) | (2.70–9.14) | (1.25–6.14) | (2.25–13.02) | (1.70–12.22) | |
| HBCD γ-isomer | 1.69 ± 0.42 | 1.67 ± 0.37 | 4.26 ± 2.73 | 1.34 ± 1.13 | 2.44 ± 1.16 | 3.87 ± 2.68 | 4.56 ± 1.18 | 7.01 ± 4.67 |
| (1.21–1.97) | (1.40–1.93) | (1.02–7.15) | (0.41–2.78) | (1.47–3.97) | (1.74–7.78) | (3.15–5.90) | (1.98–11.20) | |
| HBCD Σ isomers * | 31.33 ± 29.99 | 34.08 ± 18.47 | 44.44 ± 42.09 | 54.15 ± 28.79 | 55.17 ± 31.67 | 61.20 ± 21.80 | 48.13 ± 22.78 | 89.31 ± 21.63 |
| (2.89–83.40) | (2.12–73.04) | (7.35–146.80) | (3.95–92.44) | (18.12–91.70) | (22.28–95.75) | (6.18–81.25) | (49.19–123.47) | |