Accumulation of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Pb) in mullets Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) and Ellochelon vaigiensis(Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) from Damb Harbor, Balochistan, Pakistan

Seasons		P. subviridis			E. vaigiensis
Seasons		N	Length (cm)	Weight (g)	N	Length (cm)	Weight (g)
northeast monsoon	mean	10	13	30	10	17	46
	SD		23	82		20	66
	min.		16.60	46.40		18.60	56.60
	max		3.64	19.85		1.36	8.72
post-monsoon	mean	12	14	34	12	13.50	31
	SD		19	58		18	42
	min.		16.79	42.25		14.92	35.58
	max		2.03	7.47		1.79	3.90
pre-monsoon	mean	10	11	24	10	16	39
	SD		23	82		24	86
	min.		15.80	41.45		18.15	52.60
	max		3.28	16.33		2.03	12.61
southwest monsoon	mean	12	16	33	12	14	34
	SD		21	74		26.50	106
	min.		17.71	46.67		18.58	57.42
	max		1.97	14.78		5.63	31.58
average	mean	44	11	24	44	13.50	31
	SD		23	82		26.50	106
	min.		16.59	43.09		17.39	49.27
	max		2.73	13.89		3.62	20.13

[i] Std. Deviation – SD

Table 2

Seasonal concentrations in P. subviridisand E. vaigiensis(μg g⁻¹ d.w.)

		P. subviridis						E. vaigiensis
		Fe	Zn	Cu	Mn	Cd	Pb	Fe	Zn	Cu	Mn	Cd	Pb
northeast monsoon	mean	19.44	12.04	1.91	0.26	0.05	0.20	31.31	15.28	2.20	0.32	0.25	0.30
	SD	7.92	3.54	0.91	0.07	0.05	0.07	10.24	2.88	0.92	0.12	0.11	0.13
	min.	12.36	7.08	1.23	0.16	0.00	0.05	15.56	11.98	1.33	0.16	0.03	0.16
	max	42.41	17.65	4.56	0.41	0.14	0.34	46.35	20.49	3.91	0.52	0.42	0.61
post-monsoon	mean	26.07	13.68	1.91	0.22	0.03	0.11	31.27	16.89	2.41	0.38	0.28	0.29
	SD	8.47	4.29	0.79	0.13	0.03	0.07	8.63	5.37	0.71	0.22	0.13	0.12
	min.	17.46	7.08	0.36	0.08	0.00	0.01	21.56	10.39	1.46	0.24	0.04	0.16
	max	38.75	19.32	3.14	0.45	0.08	0.23	48.41	26.16	3.68	0.93	0.51	0.56
pre-monsoon	mean	39.59	12.75	1.81	0.26	0.14	0.35	30.39	24.28	2.37	0.32	0.29	0.31
	SD	9.72	5.63	0.96	0.06	0.10	0.15	13.29	6.038	1.42	0.08	0.10	0.13
	min.	26.03	3.62	1.06	0.16	0.02	0.09	10.72	13.59	0.88	0.22	0.18	0.14
	max	51.68	21.16	3.98	0.34	0.34	0.56	58.66	32.66	5.85	0.51	0.42	0.51
southwest monsoon	mean	23.75	16.61	1.09	0.24	0.03	0.04	24.58	19.55	1.82	0.30	0.21	0.30
	SD	9.93	3.87	0.44	0.13	0.03	0.04	7.85	6.90	0.89	0.10	0.11	0.10
	min.	14.67	10.84	0.19	0.05	0.00	0.01	10.58	8.12	0.36	0.18	0.02	0.12
	max	45.79	24.16	1.63	0.46	0.08	0.16	38.08	28.76	3.10	0.46	0.41	0.48
average	mean	26.70	13.82	1.66	0.24	0.06	0.17	29.26	18.85	2.18	0.32	0.25	0.30
	SD	11.49	4.56	0.84	0.10	0.07	0.14	10.18	6.278	1.01	0.14	0.11	0.12
	min.	12.36	3.62	0.19	0.05	0.00	0.01	10.58	8.12	0.36	0.16	0.02	0.12
	max	51.68	24.16	4.56	0.46	0.34	0.56	58.66	32.66	5.85	0.93	0.51	0.61

[i] Std. Deviation – SD

Table 3

Comparison of concentrations in fish tissues reported in the literature

Location	Fish	Metal concentrati on (μg g⁻¹ d.w.)						Reference
Location	Fish	Fe	Zn	Cu	Mn	Cd	Pb	Reference
Arabian Gulf	L. subviridis	10.7	7.0	3.7	3.55	0.09	1.36	Al-Khafajy et al. 1997
Manila Bay	L. subviridis	-	-	-	-	0.0170	0.0382	Sai Su et al. 2009
Oeshm Island	L. vaigiensis	-	-	-	-	0.16	0.11	Norouzi et al. 2012
Iraqi Marine	L. subviridis	57		9.5	6.72	5.9	-	Al-Najare 2012
Coastal regions of Karachi	L. vaigiensis	-	0.160	0.180	-	0.160	0.007	Ali et al. 2013
Indian Sunderbans S1	Liza parsia	-	124.12	75.91	-	4.01	19.89	Mitra & Ghosh 2014
Indian Sunderbans S2		-	94.63	54.39	-	BDL	15.16
Indian Sunderbans S3		-	61.21	28.12	-	BDL	14.85
Indian Sunderbans S4		-	27.67	21.01	-	BDL	13.92
Indian Sunderbans S1	Liza tade	-	103.45	43.89	-	1.95	15.77	Mitra & Ghosh 2014
Indian Sunderbans S2		-	91.25	50.38	-	BDL	13.51
Indian Sunderbans S3		-	53.98	27.91	-	BDL	15.79
Indian Sunderbans S4		-	25.45	18.65	-	BDL	11.65
Gangetic Delta Reg. S1	Liza parsia	-	102.78	70.11	-	-	13	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Gangetic Delta Reg. S2		-	80.16	49.99	-	-	11.64
Gangetic Delta Reg. S3		-	56.12	28.46	-	-	9.21
Gangetic Delta Reg. S4		-	34.66	19.50	-	-	8.43
Gangetic Delta Reg. S1	Liza tade	-	96.41	52,60	-	-	11.23	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Gangetic Delta Reg. S2		-	72.33	42	-	-	10.44
Gangetic Delta Reg. S3		-	49.87	25.26	-	-	7.4
Gangetic Delta Reg. S4		-	24.89	15.9	-	-	6
Balochistan	L. subviridis	26.70	13.82	1.66	0.24	0.06	017	This study
Balochistan	E. vaigiensis	29.26	18.85	2.18	0.32	0.25	0.30	This study
International limits		100	50	-	1.00	1.00	2.00	WHO (1989)
International limits		-	40	10–100	-	0.50	0.50	FAO (1983)

Table 4

Pearson correlation coefficients between metal concentrations in the muscle tissue of P. subviridisand E. vaigiensis

Metal	Fe	Zn	Cu	Mn	Cd	Pb
P. subviridis
Fe	1.000
Zn	−0.058	1.000
Cu	−0.027	−0.122	1.000
Mn	0.105	0.003	0.094	1.000
Cd	0.380*	−0.004*	−0.021	−0.184	1.000
Pb	0.385**	−0.315*	0.106	0.191	0.499**	1.000

E. vaigiensis
Fe	1.000
Zn	−0.025	1.000
Cu	−0.088	−0.034	1.000
Mn	−0.144	−0.108	−0.178	1.000
Cd	0.133	0.031	−0.034	0.229	1.000
Pb	0.079	−0.022	0.09	0.011	−0.180	1.000

* indicates a significance level of p < 0.05.

** indicates a significance level of p < 0.01.

* indicates a significance level of p < 0.05.

** indicates a significance level of p < 0.01.

Table 5

Estimated daily and weekly intakes for the economically significant fish species consumed by adults in Pakistan

Metal	PTWI*	PTWIa	PTDIb	P. subviridis EWI c (EDI)d	E. vaigiensis EWI c (EDI)d
Fe	5600	336000	48000.00	881.10 (125.87)	965.58 (137.94)
Zn	7000	420000	60000.00	456.06 (65.15)	622.05 (88.86)
Cu	3500	210000	30000.00	54.78 (7.82)	71.94 (10.28)
Mn	980	58800	8400.00	7.92 (1.13)	10.56 (1.51)
Cd	7	420	60.00	1.98 (0.28)	8.25 (1.18)
Pb	25	1500	214.29	5.61 (0.80)	9.90 (1.41)

* Provisional Permissible Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) in g/week/kg body weight

a PTWI – permissible tolerable weekly intake (g/day/60 kg body weight)

b PTDI – permissible tolerable daily intake (g/day/60 kg body weight)

c EWI – estimated weekly intake in g/week/60 kg body weight

d EDI – estimated daily intake in g/day/60 kg body weight

c EWI – estimated weekly intake in g/week/60 kg body weight

d EDI – estimated daily intake in g/day/60 kg body weight

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0013 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 140 - 146

Submitted on: Aug 29, 2019

Accepted on: Nov 16, 2019

Published on: Jun 18, 2020

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

heavy metals,

fish,

Planiliza subviridis,

Ellochelon vaigiensis,

Related subjects:

© 2020 Quratulan Ahmed, Semra Benzer, Qadeer M. Ali, A. Buksh Baloch, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 49 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)