Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments – application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Zalewska, Tamara; Brzeska-Roszczyk, Paulina; Danowska, Beata; Pełechaty, Mariusz

doi:10.1515/ohs-2020-0007

Figures & Tables

Sampling locations for the determination of contamination in the Vistula Lagoon (numbers – macrophytes, BMPL10 – sediments)

Average concentrations of heavy metals in two groups of the most abundant macrophytes in the Vistula Lagoon. Numbers refer to the numbers of the sampling locations

Average concentrations of heavy metals in macrophytes collected in the Vistula Lagoon

Figure 4

210Pbex concentrations along the depth profile in bottom sediments and deposition history of 137Cs in the sediments of the Vistula Lagoon

Deposition history of selected heavy metals in the sediments of the Vistula Lagoon

Concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs in macroalgae and vascular plants at the sampling locations in the Vistula Lagoon in 2011

Species	Sampling location (number of samples)		Cd	Pb	Zn	Cu	Ni	Cr	Mn	¹³⁷Cs
Species	Sampling location (number of samples)		mg kg⁻¹ d.w.							Bq kg⁻¹ d.w.
Cladophora spp. (C. glomerata, C. fracta)	9 (1)	value	0.93	5.5	645.4	8.0	9.6	0.08	2706	< 6.0
	10 (5)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.84	4.2	430.1	5.0	4.7	0.18	3605	3.0 ± 1.4
		min.	0.41	2.9	327.3	3.5	4.2	0.11	2208
		max	1.24	5.2	651.8	8.2	5.5	0.28	5485
	12 (5)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.67	3.2	307.7	6.7	3.2	0.60	1553	6.4 ± 3.5
		min.	0.30	1.4	107.3	1.7	0.1	0.12	996.8
		max	1.23	5.7	653.0	12.0	8.9	1.08	2182
	13 (4)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.42	4.6	242.3	6.4	3.2	0.86	10315	5.3 ± 2.1
		min.	0.35	2.4	186.2	5.9	1.0	0.72	5063
		max	0.53	6.6	293.2	7.0	5.5	0.99	12840
Enteromorpha clathrata	12 (1)	value	0.65	1.8	390.5	3.2	0.41	0.51	383.4	< 3.0
Potamogeton sp. (P. pussilus, P. pectinatus, P. compressus, P. perfoliatus)	6 (1)	value	0.38	1.2	175.4	4.9	1.4	0.93	673.4	< 5.2
	10 (2)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.20	1.0	187.8	3.7	1.0	0.70	784.6	< 2.1
		min.	0.12	0.69	108.2	2.9	0.15	0.65	782.8
		max	0.28	1.3	267.5	4.4	1.8	0.75	786.5
	12 (2)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.20	0.56	136.2	4.2	1.7	0.89	1255	< 5.5
		min.	0.16	0.09	67.8	3.1	1.2	0.56	634.7
		max	0.24	1.02	204.6	5.3	2.3	1.22	1874
	13 (1)	value	0.39	1.7	177.4	4.3	2.3	0.85	3950	< 5.2
	17 (1)	value	0.25	3.5	130.4	5.4	5.5	1.13	10035	7.3 ± 1.6
Chara sp. (Ch. aspera, Ch. contraria, Ch. globularis)	10 (6)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.25	0.58	195.6	2.7	3.3	0.75	1697	0.9 ± 0.5
		min.	0.22	0.20	157.3	1.2	0.81	0.36	965.6
		max	0.28	1.3	242.1	8.7	14.4	2.34	2709
	12 (1)	value	0.13	0.28	58.5	1.3	0.76	0.30	694.9	< 0.7
Sparganium emersum	6 (1)	value	0.39	1.1	61.5	4.7	1.7	1.45	919.5	< 2.0
Sparganium emersum	12 (1)	value	0.10	0.72	52.2	1.2	0.69	0.39	463.7	< 2.0
Ceratophyllum demersum	17 (2)	mean mean value based on the number of samples given in brackets	0.39	5.0	179.2	8.3	4.1	2.79	8543	7.9 ± 3.5
		min.	0.26	4.7	116.1	7.2	2.6	2.39	8259
		max	0.52	5.4	242.2	9.4	5.5	3.19	8828
Zanichellia palustris	12 (1)	value	0.63	1.8	391.8	6.3	1.1	2.22	772.3	< 7
Scirpus lacustris	10 (1)	value	0.05	1.9	28.6	5.0	6.8	1.79	738.4	4.9 ± 0.6

Concentration ratios for heavy metals in macrophytes studied in the Vistula lagoon in 2011

Concentration Ratio (CR) l kg⁻¹ d.w.	Cd	Pb	Zn	Cu	Ni	Cr	Hg
Cladophora spp.	2.7 × 10⁴	8.2 × 10³	6.0 × 10⁴	1.9 × 10³	1.4 × 10³	1.0 × 10³	-
Enteromorpha clathrata	2.6 × 10⁴	3.6 × 10³	6.6 × 10⁴	9.9 × 10²	1.4 × 10²	1.0 × 10³	-
Potamogeton spp.	1.0 × 10⁴	2.7 × 10³	2.7 × 10⁴	1.4 × 10³	6.9 × 10²	1.7 × 10³	-
Chara spp.	9.2 × 10³	1.1 × 10³	3.0 × 10⁴	7.9 × 10²	9.8 × 10²	1.4 × 10³	-
Sparganium emersum	9.7 × 10³	1.8 × 10³	9.6 × 10³	9.2 × 10²	4.0 × 10²	1.8 × 10³	-
Ceratophyllum demersum	1.6 × 10⁴	1.0 × 10⁴	3.0 × 10⁴	2.6 × 10³	1.4 × 10³	5.6 × 10³	-
Zanichellia palustris	2.5 × 10⁴	3.5 × 10³	6.6 × 10⁴	2.0 × 10³	3.6 × 10²	4.4 × 10³	-
Scirpus lacustris	2.0 × 10³	3.8 × 10³	4.8 × 10³	1.6 × 10³	2.3 × 10³	3.6 × 10³	-
Concentration in water data from the State Environmental Monitoring in Poland in 2012, 2014 and 2016 (mg l⁻¹)	2.5 × 10^-5	5.0 × 10^-4	5.9 × 10^-3	3.2 × 10^-3	3.0 × 10^-3	5.0 × 10^-4	3.1 × 10^-6
Distribution Coefficient K_d (l kg^-1 d.w.)	2.12 × 10⁴	2.46 × 10⁴	1.60 × 10⁴	5.25 × 10³	-	-	3.87 × 10⁴

Results of the analysis of the certified reference materials

		Cd	Pb	Zn	Cu	Ni	Cr	Mn	Hg
		mg kg⁻¹ d.w.
BCR-414 (biological material)	Certified	0.383 ± 0.014	3.97 ± 0.19	111.6 ± 2.5	29.5 ± 1.3	18.8 ± 0.8	23.8 ± 1.2	299 ± 13	-
	Measured	0.37	3.84	109.59	28.9	19.2	22.6	287	-
	RSD	0.098	0.029	0.035	0.009	0.113	0.087	0.017	0.098
	LOD	0.0015	0.03	0.012	0.012	0.015	0.02	0.01	0.0015
	LOQ	0.005	0.10	0.035	0.035	0.045	0.06	0.03	0.005
MESS-4 (sediment)	Certified	0.28 ± 0.04	21.5 ± 1.2	147 ± 6	32.9 ± 1.8	-	-	-	0.08 ± 0.06
	Measured	0.26	20.1	143	31.8	-		-	0.08
	RSD	0.056	0.022	0.012	0.037				0.006
	LOD	0.0015	0.07	0.007	0.012				0.001
	LOQ	0.005	0.20	0.020	0.035				0.003

Heavy metals and 137Cs levels in macrophytes and temporal distribution in sediments – application for estuarine environment status assessment (Vistula Lagoon – southern Baltic)

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Concentrations of heavy metals and 137Cs in macroalgae and vascular plants at the sampling locations in the Vistula Lagoon in 2011

Concentration ratios for heavy metals in macrophytes studied in the Vistula lagoon in 2011

Results of the analysis of the certified reference materials

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