Changes in the benthic fauna composition in the Upper Vistula over the last 50 years – the consequences of the water pollution reduction and alien species invasion

Parameter		Study period
Parameter		1962–1963a	1982–1983b	1988–1994c	1996–1997d
km from the sources		96–158	128–153	160	116–248
Conductivity	μS cm⁻¹	200–1300	no data	2000–5600	400–4300
Cl⁻	mg dm⁻³	33–747	250–1400	65–2200	500–1300
O₂	mg dm⁻³	0.4–10.0	1.6–13.1	no data	4–12
BOD₅	mg O₂ dm⁻³	3–60	4.0–28	no data	4–10

mean monthly values of conductivity from January to September 1994;

a after Bombówna, Wróbel 1966;

b after Kasza 1988;

c after Krokowski et al. 1994;

d after Kasza, Galas 2002

Table 2

Chemical characteristics of water at the studied localities in 2014

Parameter		Locality
		Gostynka R.	Oświęcim		Czernichów		Szczucin
		14 July	14 July	16 Dec.	14 July	16 Dec.	14 July	16 Dec.
km from the sources		91	96		140		283
Conductivity	μS cm⁻¹	21 200	1500	2540	1600	no data	650	1500
Na⁺	mg dm⁻³	3223.2	99.0	379.7	161.4	389.9	56.8	145.8
Cl⁻		5741.8	162.1	705.8	284.1	719.9	94.7	263.1
Ca²⁺		99.59	50.62	97.99	61.88	118.31	54.64	57.69
Mg²⁺		307.5	11.77	36.47	19.46	49.03	13.35	18.47
K⁺		89.66	9.08	11.72	7.69	14.61	5.46	6.66
HCO₃⁻		416.25	196.14	255.6	190.85	350.16	154.86	202.34
SO₄²⁻		342.6	35.14	97.12	52.85	160.67	44.73	57.87
NO₃⁻		3.58	0.4	6.79	3.52	7.88	3.29	3.79
NH₄⁺		1.33	0.03	0.36	0.18	0.38	0.02	0.04
PO₄⁻		0.80	0.20	0.21	0.53	0.03	0.14	0.19
Dry residue		947.7	944.9	no data	894.3	no data	747.2	no data
COD	mg O₂ dm⁻³	115.70	56.20	no data	24.79	no data	36.36	no data

Table 3

Changes in the benthic fauna composition in the Upper Vistula over 50 years (based on literature data and our study)

	Study period
	1962–1963a	1962–1963a	1982–1983b	2014	2014
Localities	Oświęcim–Spytkowice	Tyniec	Okleśna–Jeziorzany	Oświęcim	Czernichów
km from the sources taxa	96–128	158	128–153	96	140
Tubificidae	+++	+++	+++	+	+
Chironomidae	+	+	+	+++	+++
Naididae		+	+	+	+
Physidae		+	+
Erpobdellidae		+	+	+
Glossiphonidae			+		+
Simuliidae			+		+
Lymnaeidae			+	+	+
Gammaridae			+	+	+
Enchytraeidae			+	+	+
Ancylidae		+	+
Psychodidae			+
Chaoboridae			+
Lumbricidae			+
Coleoptera			+
Hydropsychidae				+	+
Baetidae				+	+
Bithyniidae				+	+
Acroloxidae				+
Pontogammaridae					+
Caenidae					+
Ceratopogonidae					+
Number of taxa	2	6	15	11	14

+ – taxon present; +++ – the most numerous taxon;

a after Zięba, Zaćwilichowska 1966;

b after Dumnicka, Kownacki 1988

Table 4

Changes in oligochaete species composition in the Upper Vistula over 50 years

		Study period
		1962–1963a		1982–1983b	1997–1998c			2014
km from the sources		96–128	158	128–153	115–165	248	337	91*	96	140	283
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède		+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparède		+		+	+	+	+			+	+
Tubifex sp. Lamarck		+	+
Naididae gen. spp.			+
Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith)	A			+
Spirosperma ferox Eisen				+
Aulophorus furcatus (Oken)				+
Dero digitata (O.F. Müller)				+
Tubifex tubifex (O.F. Müller)				+	+	+	+		+	+	+
Nais elinguis (O.F. Müller)				+	+	+	+		+	+	+
Limnodrilus claparedeanus Ratzel				+	+	+	+		+		+
Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen)				+		+	+			+
Marionina riparia Bretscher				+			+		+	+	+
Stylaria lacustris (L.)				+	+	+	+				+
Enchytraeus buchholzi Vejdovský				+	+	+				+
Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen)				+	+	+				+
Lumbricillus rivalis Levinsen				+	+	+
Nais barbata (O.F. Müller)				+	+	+	+
Limnodrilus profundicola (Verrill)				+	+		+
Paranais frici Hrabě	AB			+	+	+	+
Psammoryctides albicola (Michaelsen)	A			+			+		+		+
Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny)				+		+	+
Propappus volki Michaelsen					+
Nais communis Piguet					+	+	+
Ophidonais serpentina (O.F. Müller)					+	+	+
Uncinais uncinata (Oersted)					+	+	+				+
Dero spp. Oken					+		+		+	+
Vejdovskyella intermedia (Bretscher)					+		+			+
Nais pardalis Piguet					+	+				+
Potamothrix moldaviensis Vejd. et Mrázek	A				+				+
Potamothrix hammoniensis (Michaelsen)	A				+					+
Nais christinae Kasprzak						+
Psammoryctides barbatus (Grube)	A					+	+
Aulodrilus pluriseta (Piguet)							+
Vejdovskyella comata (Vejdovský)							+
Amphichaeta leydigi Tauber							+			+
Paranais litoralis (O.F. Müller)	AB							+	+		+
Limnodrilus sp. juv. Claparède								+
Aulodrilus limnobius Bretscher										+
Slavina appendiculata (Udekem)										+
Gianius aquaedulcis (Hrabě)										+
Chaetogaster setosus Svetlov										+
Tubifex blanchardi Vejdovský	AB										+
Number of taxa		3	3	20	22	19	22	2	9	17	11

A – alien species; B – species typical of brackish waters;

a – after Zięba, Zaćwilichowska 1966;

b after Dumnicka, Kownacki 1988;

c after Dumnicka 2002;

* mouth of the Gostynka River

Table 5

Distribution of Amphipoda species in the Upper Vistula in different years

	Study period
	1962–1963a	1982–1983b	2014	2014	2014	2014
Locality	Bachórz st.	Czernichów	Gostynka R.	Oświęcim	Czernichów	Szczucin
km from the sources	115	140	91	96	140	283
Gammarus fossarum Koch in Panzer	+	+
Gammarus tigrinus Sexton			+++	++	++	++
Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald)					++
Chelicorophium curvispinum (G.O. Sars)						+

+ – single specimens, ++ – numerous specimens, +++ – very numerous specimens

a after Zięba, Zaćwilichowska 1966 – species incorrectly identified as Gammarus pulex, found in the mouth of the Bachórz stream following into the Vistula downstream of Oświęcim;

b after Dumnicka, Kownacki 1988;

Table 6

Distribution of alien mollusk species in the Upper Vistula in different years

	Study period
	1962–1963a	1962–1963a	1982–1983b	2011c	2017
Locality	Skawinka mouth	Tyniec	Czernichów	Kraków	Skawinka mouth
km from the sources	150	158	140	96	150
Physa acuta Draparnaud	₊₊₊	++	+
Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray)				++
Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller)				++	++

+ – single specimens, ++ – numerous specimens, +++ – very numerous specimens

a after Zięba, Zaćwilichowska 1966;

b after Dumnicka, Kownacki 1988;

c after Maćkiewicz 2013;

*Chaetogaster setosus* – general view of chains of zooids Photo by A. Pociecha

*Chaetogaster setosus* – the anterior end of the body Photo by A. Pociecha

*Chaetogaster setosus* – bundles of ventral setae Photo by A. Pociecha

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0029 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 303 - 312

Submitted on: Dec 6, 2017

Accepted on: Mar 2, 2018

Published on: Sep 21, 2018

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

Keywords:

benthos,

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© 2018 Elżbieta Dumnicka, Alicja Konopacka, Roman Żurek, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 47 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

Changes in the benthic fauna composition in the Upper Vistula over the last 50 years – the consequences of the water pollution reduction and alien species invasion

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Table 4

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Table 6

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