Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt): Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?

Sites	Latitude (°N); Longitude (°E)	Depth (m)
1	31°04″37″; 33°13′36″	1.40
2	31°05′58″;33°15′03″^′	1.50
3	31°07′03″; 33°16′51″^′	1.10
4	31°12′15″; 33°15′41″	2.00
5	31°08′35″; 33°15′40″	1.50
6	31°11′47″; 33°09′20″	1.00
7	31°11′26′ ′; 33°05′54″	1.40
8	31°03′50″; 33°00′02″	1.00
9	31°06′28″; 32°56′49″	1.60
10	31°08′01″; 32°55′47″	2.50
11	31°04′55′ ′; 32°49′17″	2.10
12	31°03′51′′; 32°46′75″	1.50

Table 2

Abiotic characteristics at the sampling sites (Lake Bardawil; 2009–2010). TB = transparent to the bottom; CV = the coefficient of variability

Parameter	Sites												Average	CV
Parameter	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	Average	CV
Summer 2009
Temperature, °C	27.0	27.2	28.1	28.8	28.6	29.5	29.3	27.1	27.7	27.1	27.2	28.3	28.0	0.03
Salinity, PSU	57.7	51.0	57.4	46.2	53.2	48.2	48.7	54.3	44.5	39.5	53.2	67.7	51.8	0.14
Dissolved oxygen, mg l⁻¹	8.8	8.8	9.1	9.3	8.5	8.3	9.1	7.7	8.5	8.5	7.5	8.3	8.5	0.06
pH	8.42	8.56	8.66	8.40	8.50	8.50	8.46	8.11	8.24	8.33	8.33	8.43	8.43	0.02
Transparency, m	1.25	1.25	0.70	1.50	0.60	0.60	0.60	0.70	1.20	2.00	2.00	1.00	1.17	0.46
Autumn 2009
Temperature, °C	17.3	17.5	17.2	18.5	17.6	16.7	17.0	16.4	16.7	17.6	16.4	15.9	17.1	0.04
Salinity, PSU	54.1	56.1	49.4	49.4	40.0	48.9	42.4	50.0	44.3	39.8	45.4	52.1	47.7	0.11
Dissolved oxygen, mg l⁻¹	8.1	9.1	9.5	9.6	9.8	9.2	9.8	11.9	9.6	10.2	12.0	10.9	10.0	0.11
pH	8.33	8.37	8.50	8.31	8.35	8.20	8.28	8.11	8.19	8.30	8.18	8.22	8.28	0.01
Transparency, m	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	–	–
Winter 2010
Temperature, °C	20.7	20.3	20.1	19.4	20.9	18.4	20.2	22.1	21.3	19.4	21.5	21.6	20.5	0.05
Salinity, PSU	49.0	48.6	45.8	38.8	42.4	40.4	41.1	47.4	39.7	38.6	45.9	52.9	44.2	0.10
Dissolved oxygen, mg l⁻¹	7.1	5.6	6.2	7.3	6.3	5.3	5.8	8.4	7.4	7.2	6.3	8.0	6.7	0.14
pH	7.95	8.17	8.04	8.20	8.01	8.16	8.14	8.04	8.26	8.36	8.06	8.19	8.13	0.01
Transparency, m	0.5	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	0.4	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	–	–
Spring 2010
Temperature, °C	23.6	23.7	23.8	24.3	26.2	25.6	25.4	25.3	25.4	25.0	24.9	24.3	24.8	0.03
Salinity, PSU	56.2	52.8	46.4	40.5	49.9	48.2	46.9	51.8	42.6	39.9	49.5	59.1	48.7	0.12
Dissolved oxygen, mg l⁻¹	5.8	8.4	8.6	7.0	6.8	8.8	6.4	6.8	6.6	8.4	5.9	6.4	7.2	0.15
pH	8.07	8.08	8.07	8.20	8.20	8.40	8.31	8.01	8.19	8.15	8.17	8.20	8.17	0.01
Transparency, m	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	0.6	TB	TB	TB	TB	TB	–	–

Table 3

Copepoda species in plankton of Lake Bardawil in 2009–2010. A = frequency of occurrence (%); B = average abundance (ind. m⁻³)/the coefficient of variability; C = relative abundance (%)

Species	2009				2010				Annual average/CV
Species	August		November		February		May		Annual average/CV
Calanoida
	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	B
Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa Dana, 1849	36	364/1.39	0	0	0	0	0	0	91/2.00
Acartia (Acartia) danae Giesbrecht, 1889	0	0	42	767/1.67	25	267/1.95	50	1545/1.09	679/1.05
Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady, 1883)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17	182/2.14	46/2.00
Lucicutia flavicornis (Claus, 1863)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	364/1.79	91/2.00
Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863)	9	182/3.32	67	433/1.08	25	200/1.81	50	727/1.07	255/0.66
Cyclopoida
Oithona nana Giesbrecht, 1893	100	4455/0.87	100	3833/0.62	75	867/0.73	100	4273/0.64	1680/0.39
Oithona plumifera Baird, 1843	0	0	9	67/3.46	9	67/3.46	0	0	34/1.16
Harpacticoida
Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847)	33	364/1.85	92	3233/1.11	50	1533/1.38	83	3273/0.98	1414/0.67
Harpacticus littoralis Sars G.O., 1910	55	727/1.39	25	133/1.95	33	267/1.48	50	727/1.33	309/0.67
Microsetella norvegica (Boeck, 1865)	9	91/3.32	0	0	17	133/2.34	0	0	67/1.20
Nauplius	100	39 455/0.36	100	51 500/0.05	100	18 733/0.63	100	45 364/0.79	14 230/0.37
Cyclopoid copepodids	100	13 000/0.49	100	7567/0.36	100	2067/0.65	100	10 917/0.64	8388/0.57
Calanoid copepodids	45	1000/2.10	83	2267/1.30	25	667/2.45	75	2636/1.09	956/0.58
Total copepodids	100	14 000/0.45	100	9833/0.38	100	2733/0.77	100	13 333/0.66	9975/0.52
Total adults	100	7182/0.79	100	8467/0.70	92	3333/1.00	100	10 417/0.50	7350/0.41
Total of all stages	100	59 636/0.34	100	69 800/0.41	100	24 800/0.54	100	69 833/0.60	56 017/0.38
Total metazoan zooplankton	100	69 727/0.33	100	78 200/0.42	100	35 133/0.41	100	23 2917/0.64	10 3994/0.85
	C		C		C		C		C
Percentage of all copepod stages in total metazoan zooplankton abundance, %	85		90		68		35		70
Percentage of O. nana abundance in the total number of adult copepods, %	62		45		26		41		44
Percentage of E. acutifrons abundance in the total number of adult copepods, %	5		38		46		31		30
Percentage of A. danae abundance in the total number of adult copepods, %	0		9		8		15		8

Table 4

Salinity and temperature limits for copepod species occurrence in Lake Bardawil (2009–2010)

Species name	Temperature, °C		Salinity, PSU
Species name	min.	max	min.	max
Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa	27.1	28.6	39.5	54.3
Acartia (Acartia) danae	16.4	25.6	38.8	52.1
Clausocalanus furcatus	25.0	25.3	39.9	51.8
Euterpina acutifrons	15.9	29.3	38.6	59.1
Harpacticus littoralis	17.3	29.5	39.7	57.4
Lucicutia flavicornis	23.8	25.4	39.9	46.4
Microsetella norvegica	18.4	27.7	38.6	44.5
Oithona nana	15.9	29.5	38.6	59.1
Oithona plumifera	19.4	19.4	38.6	38.6
Paracalanus parvus	15.9	27.7	38.6	52.1

Table 5

Copepoda species found in Lake Bardawil in 1967–2010

Species	1967a	1981b	1985c	2002–2003d	2005e	2006f	2009–2010g
Calanoida
Acartia (Acartiura) clausi Giesbrecht, 1889	–	+	+	+	+	+	–
Acartia (Acartia) danae Giesbrecht, 1889	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa Dana, 1849	–	–	–	–	–	–	+
Archescolecithrix auropecten (Giesbrecht, 1893)	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Calanus sp.	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Centropages calaninus (Dana, 1849)	–	–	–	–	–	+	–
Centropages kroyeri Giesbrecht, 1893	+	–	–	–	–	–	–
Centropages ponticus Karavaev, 1895	–	–	–	+	+	–	–
Clausocalanus furcatus (Brady, 1883)	–	–	+	+	+	+	+
Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880)	–	–	+	+	+	–	–
Isias clavipes Boeck, 1865	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Lucicutia flavicornis (Claus, 1863)	–	–	+	–	–	+	+
Lucicutia ovalis (Giesbrecht, 1889)	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863)	–	–	+	+	+	+	+
Paracartia latisetosa (Krichagin, 1873)	–	+	+	+	+	–	–
Parapontella brevicornis (Lubbock, 1857)	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Parvocalanus crassirostris (Dahl F., 1894)	–	–	–	–	–	+	–
Temora longicornis (Müller O.F., 1785)	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Cyclopoida
Neocyclops salinarum (Gurney, 1927)	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Oithona nana Giesbrecht, 1893	–	–	–	+	+	+	+
Oithona plumifera Baird, 1843	–	–	–	+	+	–	+
Harpacticoida
Bryocamptus (Echinocamptus) spp.	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Canuella sp.	–	–	–	+	+	+	–
Euterpina acutifrons (Dana, 1847)	–	+	+	+	+	+	+
Harpacticus littoralis Sars G.O., 1910	–	–	–	+	+	+	+
Metis jousseaumei (Richard, 1892)	–	–	–	+	+	–	–
Microsetella norvegica (Boeck, 1865)	–	–	+	+	+	+	+
Poecilostomatoida
Corycaeus clausi Dahl F., 1894	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Sapphirina angusta Dana, 1849	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Sapphirina opalina Dana, 1849	–	–	+	–	–	–	–
Triconia conifera (Giesbrecht, 1891)	–	–	–	–	–	+	-

a Kimor 1975

b Por and Ben-Tuvia 1981

c Fouda et al. 1985

d El-Shabrawy 2006

e El-Shabrawy and Gohar 2008

g authors’ data

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0021 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 219 - 229

Submitted on: Dec 19, 2017

Accepted on: Feb 27, 2018

Published on: Sep 21, 2018

Published by: University of Gdańsk

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© 2018 Elena V. Anufriieva, Gamal M. El-Shabrawy, Nickolai V. Shadrin, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 47 (2018): Issue 3 (September 2018)

Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt): Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?

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Table 4

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