Reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Oligochaeta) in shallow eutrophic lakes

Parameter	Macrophyte-dominated lakes					Phytoplankton-dominated lakes
	Macrophyte-dominated lakes					shallower		deeper
	Zielone	Karaś	Piotrkowskie	Głuchowskie	Ząbrowo	Jeziorak∗	Stęgwica	Kolmowo	Silm
Surface (ha)	20.2	423.3	54.4	24.1	12.7	80.0	39.7	43.4	58.8
Maximum length (m)	1375	4100	1450	740	960	2800	1880	1050	1625
Maximum width (m)	240	2250	850	475	215	1000	290	550	800
Maximum depth (m)	2.4	2.8	2.5	4.5	1.6	2.0	1.4	5.7	3.8
Mean depth (m)	1.3	0.6	1.7	2.2	1.1	1.3	1.0	3.1	2.0
Number of sampling locations	6	2	2	2	2	7	7	4	3
Depth at sampling locations (m)	1.5–2.2	1.6 ; 2.0	1.5 ; 2.0	3.0 ; 4.0	1.2 ; 1.5	1.0–1.5	1.2–1.4	2.0–3.0	3.5
Catchment1	F	A/M	F	A	F/A	F/T	F	A	F
Wind exposure	low	high	medium	high	low	medium	medium	high	medium
Dominating elodeid species2	E.c.	Ch.sp.	Ch.sp.	C.d.	C.d.
Elodeid abundance 3	5	7	8	8	9	1	1	1	1

∗ – Lake Jeziorak is the longest lake in Poland (length: 27.4 km, surface: 3230 ha). The study in this lake was carried out in a shallow bay part (its morphometry is provided in Table 1) located in the oldest southern part of the lake.

1 F – forest, A – agricultural, M – marsh, T – affected by tourism

2 E.c. – Elodea canadensis, Ch.sp. – Chara sp., C.d. – Ceratophyllum demersum

3 the abundance of elodeids refers to their density in the central part of the lake, assessed arbitrarily on a scale from 1 to 10, where 1 denotes the complete absence of plants, and 10 means that the macrophytes overgrow the entire water volume

class	width of the 8^th segment (mm)
I	< 0.20
II	0.21–0.30
III	0.31–0.40
IV	0.41–0.50
V	0.51–0.60
VI	0.61–0.70
VII	0.71–0.80
VIII	0.81–0.90
IX	0.91–1.00
X	1.01–1.10
XI	1.11–1.20
XII	1.21–1.30

Table 2

Number of examined individuals of Potamothrix hammoniensis – the sum of all sampling sites and dates

Lakes	Macrophyte-dominated					Ph-D		Ph-S		Sum	sum
Class	Zielone	Ząbrowo	Karaś	Piotrkowskie	Głuchowskie	Kolmowo	Silm	Stęgwica	Jeziorak		M	Ph-D	Ph-S
V	163	18	31	33	5	68	11	270	95		694	250	79	365
VI	204	22	15	20	12	100	54	327	91	845	273	154	418
VII	161	17	15	19	18	57	34	230	69	620	230	91	299
VIII	109	20	13	1	6	37	18	92	37	333	149	55	129
IX	26	13	12	4	2	16	12	43	22	150	57	28	65
X	13	10	9	1		5	8	9	6	61	33	13	15
XI	2	2	1			2	5	2	1	15	5	7	3
XII						1				1		1
Sum	678	102	96	78	43	286	142	973	321	2719	997	428	1294

[i] M – macrophyte-dominated, Ph-D – deeper phytoplankton-dominated, Ph-S – shallower phytoplankton-dominated

Percentage of sexually mature individuals of *Potamothrix hammoniensis* in the studied lakes

Table 3

Percentage of sexually mature individuals of Potamothrix hammoniensis in the distinguished size classes

Lakes	Macrophyte-dominated					Ph-D		Ph-S		Average	Average
Class	Zielone	Ząbrowo	Karaś	Piotrkowskie	Głuchowskie	Kolmowo	Silm	Stęgwica	Jeziorak		M	Ph-D	Ph-S
V	0	0	0	0	20	1	0	1	12		2	< 1	1	4
VI	3	18	0	0	67	10	24	7	19	10	7	15	10
VII	20	47	40	26	78	25	15	17	35	24	28	21	21
VIII	42	70	54	100	100	32	44	36	73	46	50	36	47
IX	62	85	83	100	100	75	92	84	82	80	75	82	83
X	85	100	100	100		80	100	67	100	90	94	92	80
XI	100	100	100			50	80	100	100	87	100	71	100
XII						100				100		100

[i] M – macrophyte-dominated, Ph-D – deeper phytoplankton-dominated, Ph-S – shallower phytoplankton-dominated

Percentage of sexually mature individuals of *Potamothrix hammoniensis* in each month
M – macrophyte-dominated lakes; Ph-D – deeper phytoplankton-dominated lakes; Ph-S – shallower phytoplankton-dominated lakes

Table 4

Mean values of abiotic parameters of water and bottom sediments of the studied lakes

Parameter	Macrophyte-dominated lakes					Phytoplankton-dominated lake
	Macrophyte-dominated lakes					shallower		deeper
	Zielone	Karaś	Piotrkowskie	Głuchowskie	Ząbrowo	Jeziorak^∗	Stęgwica	Kolmowo	Silm
Secchi depth (m)	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.0	1.7	0.8	0.7	1.0	1.4
Water above the bottom
Temperature (^oC)	13.5	13.4	14.0	12.6	12.3	12.1	11.2	12.3	13.4
Oxygen concentration (mg dm^-3)	8.0	7.8	9.3	6.4	10.0	10.8	6.9	7.2	7.2
pH	7.5	7.9	8.0	8.6	8.3	8.7	7.2	8.5	8.0
Conductivity (μS cm^-1)	100	496	253	577	428	309	199	428	425
Bottom sediments
E × D	2.4	2.7	2.2	5.5	2.7	4.4	2.9	8.3	7.6
Water content (%)	97.3	94.6	96.6	93.3	95.8	96.1	95.5	94.7	97.4
Organic matter (%) 1	78.4	39.2	64.9	32.6	49.8	51.7	54.8	34.6	58.6
Organic matter (mg) 2	170	217	226	242	215	136	252	189	159
SOD 3	2.6	3.3	3.2	6.2	5.1	4.7	4.3	8.2	3.4

1 percentage of dry mass of sediments

2 in milligrams of dry mass per unit of fresh sediment volume (10 cm³)

3 sediment oxygen demand (mg O₂ per 20 cm³ of fresh sediments per 1 h))

Table 5

Values of Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r) and the significance level (p) between the percentage of sexually mature individuals of Potamothrix hammoniensis and the environmental variables under study. Statistically significant values are boldfaced

Statistics	Near-bottom water				E × D	Bottom sediments
Statistics	Temperature	Oxygen concentration	pH	Conductivity	E × D	WC	OC (%)	OC (mg)	SOD
r	−0.22	0.08	0.51	0.69	0.30	−0.21	−0.42	−0.10	0.22
p	0.204	0.648	0.002	< 0.000	0.080	0.226	0.012	0.568	0.204

[i] E × D – index related to the light conditions at the lake bottom; WC – water content; OC (%) – organic matter content expressed as a percentage of dry mass of sediments; OC (mg) – organic matter content in milligrams of dry mass per unit of fresh sediment volume (10 cm³); SOD – sediment oxygen demand

Relationship between the percentage of sexually mature individuals of *Potamothrix hammoniensis* and the water temperature near bottom
M – macrophyte-dominated lakes; Ph-D – deeper phytoplankton-dominated lakes; Ph-S – shallower phytoplankton-dominated lakes

Relationship between the percentage of sexually mature individuals of *Potamothrix hammoniensis* and the oxygen concentration in the water near the bottom

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0017 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 181 - 189

Submitted on: Sep 6, 2017

Accepted on: Jan 5, 2018

Published on: Jun 18, 2018

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

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© 2018 Janusz Żbikowski, Daria Mimier, Elżbieta Żbikowska, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 47 (2018): Issue 2 (June 2018)

Reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Oligochaeta) in shallow eutrophic lakes

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 2

Table 3

Figure 3

Table 4

Table 5

Figure 4

Figure 5

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