References
- Abdul Jaffar Ali, H.A., Sivakumar, V. & Tamilselvi, M. (2009). Distribution of alien and cryptogenic ascidians along the southern coasts of Indian peninsula. World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences 1(4): 305–312.
- Abdul Jaffar Ali, H.A., Tamilselvi, M., Sivakumar, V., Zaman, G.M.H. & Muthu Mohamed, H.S. (2011). Marine Ascidian Biodiversity- A promising resource for bioactive compounds. Supplement to Advanced Biotech. 10 (10): 26–3.
- Bulleri, F. & Chapman, M.G. (2010). The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of change in marine environments. J. Appl. Ecol. 47: 26–35. 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01751.x.
- Buss, L.W. & Jackson, J.B.C. (1979). Competitive networks: nontransitive competitive relationships in cryptic coral reef environments. Am. Nat.113: 223–234.
- Cameron, C.B., Garey, J.R. & Swall, B.J. (2000). Evolution of the chordate body plan: new insights from phylogenetic analyses of deuterostome phyla. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 4469–4474.
- Castilla, J.C., Collins, A.G., Meyer, C.P., Guinez, R. & Lindberg, D.R. (2002). Recent introduction of the dominant tunicate, Pyura praeputialis (Urochordata, Pyuridae) to Antofagasta, Chile. Mol. Ecol. 11: 1579–1584.
- Clampitt, P.T. (1970). Comparative ecology of the snails – Physagyrina and Physa integra (Basomatophora: Physidae). Malacologia 10: 113–151.
- Clampitt, P.T. (1973). Substratum as a factor in the distribution of pulmonate snails in Douglas Lake, Michigan. Malacologia 12(2): 379–399.
- Clarke, K.R. & Warwick, R.M. (2001). Changes in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation, 2nd edition. PRIMER-E Ltd, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom.
- Connell, S.D. & Glasby, T.M. (1999). Do urban structures infuence local abundance and diversity of subtidal epibiota? A case study from Sydney Harbour, Australia. Mar. Environ. Res. 47: 373–387. 10.1016/S0141-1136(98)00126-3.
- Das, S.M. (1936). Herdmania (The monascidian of the Indian Seas). Indian. Zoological. Memoirs. Lucknow, 5: 1–103.
- Das, S.M. (1938). A case of commensalism between a lamellibranch and a monascidian. Curr. Sci. 7(3): 114–115.
- Das, S.M. (1945). On a collection of monascidians from Madras. J. Roy. Asiatic. Soc. Bengal Science 11(1): 6–7.
- Dupont, F.E., Viard, P.J., Hallas, T., Nishikawa, D.R., Schiel, N.J. et al. (2009). Global Phylogeography of the Widely Introduced North West Pacific Ascidian Styela clava, Environmental Research from Welsh Universities, Environment Agency. Bristol. 6: 2, 16755.
- Durante, K.M. & Sebens, K.P. (1994). Reproductive ecology of the ascidians Molgula citrina (Alder & Hancock, 1848) and Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) from the Gulf of Maine, USA. Ophelia 39: 1–21.
- Dybern, B.I. (1963). Biotope choice in Ciona intestinalis (L). Zool. Bidr. Upps. 35: 589–602.
- Dybern, B.I. (1969). Distribution and ecology of ascidians in Kviturdvikpollen and Vagsbopollen on the west coast of Norway. Sarsia. 37: 21–40.
- Edward, P.J.K. & Ayyakkannu, K. (1991). Studies on the ecology of plankton community of Kollidam estuary, southeast coast of India. I. Phytoplankton. Mahasagar Bull. Natl. Inst. Oceanogr. 24: 89–97.
- Forward, R.B J., Welch, J.M. & Young, C.M. (2000). Light induced larval release of a colonial ascidian. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 248: 225–238.
- Gittenberger, A. (2007). Recent population expansions of nonnative ascidians in the Netherlands. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 342: 122–126.
- Goodbody, I. (1961). Diversity and distribution of ascidians (Tunicata) at Twin Cays, Belize. Atoll. Res. Bull. 524: 1–20.
- Goodbody, I. (1962). The biology of Ascidia nigra (Savigny). Survival and mortality in an adult population. Biol. Bull. 122: 40–51.
- Harman, W.N. (1972). Benthic substrates: their effect on freshwater mollusca. Ecol. 53(2): 271–277.
- Hedgpeth, J.W. (1957). Marine biogeography. Geol. Soc. America mem. 67(1): 359–362.
- Holloway, M.G. & Connell, S.D. (2002). Why do floating structures create novel habitats for subtidal epibiota? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 235: 43–52.
- Inglis, G., Gust, N., Fitridge, I., Floerl, O. & Woods, C. et al. (2008). Port of Lyttelton Second baseline survey for nonindigenous marine species (Research Profext ZBS2000-04) MAF Biosecurity New Zealand Technical Paper 1–139.
- Jackson, J.B.C. & Buss, L. (1975). Allelopathy and spatial competition among coral reef invertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 72(12): 5160–5163.
- Kanaban, N. (1952). Development of the larvae of Ascidiella aspersa (Muller) at different salinities and temperatures. The dependence of the distribution of the species upon the hydrographic circumstances. Avh. Norske Vidensk Akod. Olso. 3: 1–24.
- Karthikeyan, M.M. (2010). Studies on Ascidians (Chordata: Urochordata) from Palk Bay Region, Southeast coals of India. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India. 1–182.
- Kott, P. (1985). The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Mem. Queensl. Mus. 23: 1–440.
- Kott, P. (2002). Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Mus. & Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 18: 19–55.
- Kott, P. (2005). New and little-known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (Part 3). J. Nat. Hist. 39: 2409–2497.
- Krishnan, R., Chandran, M.R. & Renganathan, T.K. (1989). On the occurrence of four species of ascidians new to Indian waters. Geobios new Reports. 8:70–74.
- Kuhl, M. & Larkum, A.W.D. (2002). The microenvironment and photosynthetic performance of Prochloron sp. in symbiosis with didemnid ascidians. In J. Seckbach (Ed.), Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats vol 3: symbiosis, mechanisms and model systems (pp. 273–290). Kluwer, Dordr.
- Lambert, C.C. & Lambert, G. (2003). Persistence and differential distribution of nonindigenous ascidians in harbors of the Southern California Bight. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 259: 145–161.
- Lambert, C.C. & Lambert, G. (2001). A global overview of ascidian introductions and their possible impact on the endemic fauna. In H. Sawada, H. Yokosawa & C.C. Lambert (Eds.), The Biology of Ascidians (pp. 249–257). Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
- Lambert, G. (2002). Nonindigenous ascidians in tropical waters. Pac. Sci. 56: 291–298.
- Lambert, G. (2007). Invasive sea squirts: A growing global problem. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 342: 3–4.
- Meenakshi, V.K. & Renganathan, T.K. (1997). On the occurrence of rare simple ascidian, Rhodosoma turcicum (Savigny, 1816) from India. Geobios new Reports 16: 152–153.
- Meenakshi, V.K. (1997). Biology of a few chosen ascidians. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India.
- Meenakshi, V.K. (2005). Addition to the ascidian fauna of India. J. Mar. Boil. Ass. India 47(1): 36–49.
- Meenakshi, V.K. (2008). A report on the biodiversity of Indian ascidians. Glimpes of Aquatic Biodiversity – Rajiv Gandhi Chair Spl. Pub.7: 213–219.
- Meenakshi, V.K. & Renganathan, T.K. (1999). Phallusia polytrema (Herdman, 1906) – A new record to Indian waters. Geobios new Reports. 18: 61–63.
- Millar, R. H. (1965). Ascidians from the tropical coast of West Africa. Atlantide Report. 8: 247–255.
- Millar, R.H. (1971). The biology of ascidians. Adv. Mar. Biol. 9: 1–100.
- Mondal, J., Raghunathan, C., Mondal, T. & Venkataraman, K. (2015). Diversity and Distribution of Common Ascidians of South Andaman. International day for Biological diversity, Biodiversity for sustainable development.
- Monniot, C., Monniot, F. & Laboute, P. (1991). Coral reef ascidians of New Caledonia. Orstom, Paris.
- Nair, N.B. & Thamby, D.M. (1980). A textbook of marine ecology. The Macmillan, Co. Ltd. India.
- Nakashima, K., Yamada, L., Satou, Y., Azuma, J. & Satoh, N. (2004). The evolutionary origin of animal cellulose synthase. Dev. Genes. Evol. 214: 81–88.
- Negi, S.S. (1996). Biosphere Reserves in India New Delhi. Indus Publishing Company.
- Newlon, A.W.I., Yund, P.O. & Stewart-Savage, J. (2003). Phenotypic plasticity of reproductive effort in a colonial ascidian, Botryllus schlosseri. J. Exp. Zool. Part A 297: 180–188.
- Nielson, W.G. (1950). Experimental studies of selective predation on amphipods: consequences for amphipod distribution and abundance. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 38: 225–245
- Oka, A. (1915). Report on the Tunicata in the collection of the Indian Museum. Mem. Indian. Mus. 6: 1–33.
- Piola, F.P. & Johnston, E.L. (2008). Pollution reduces native diversity and increases invader dominance in marine hard-substrate communities. Divers. Distrib. 14: 329–342. 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00430.x.
- Pisut, D.P. & Pawlik, J.R. (2002). Anti-predatory chemical defenses of ascidians: secondary metabolites or inorganic acids? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 270: 203–214.
- Pourquie, O. ( 2001). A macho way to make muscels. Nature 409: 679–680.
- Renganathan, T.K. (1981). On the occurrence of colonial ascidian, Didemnum psammathodes (Sluiter, 1985) from India. Curr. Sci. 50(20): 922.
- Renganathan, T.K. (1982). On the occurrence of colonial ascidian Lissoclinum fragile (Van Name, 1902) from India. Curr. Sci. 51(3): 149.
- Renganathan, T.K. (1983). First record of a simple ascidian Microcosmus curvus Tokioka, 1954 from Indian waters. Curr. Sci. 52(19): 929–930.
- Renganathan, T.K. (1984). New record and redescription of a rare colonial ascidian Eudistoma viride Tokioka 1955 from the Indian waters. Geobios New Reports 3: 49–51.
- Rinkevich, B., Paz, G., Douek, J., Mo1, C. & Goren, M. (2003). Genetic structure of Botryllus schlosseri (Tunicata) populations from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 250: 153–162.
- Rius, M., Pascual, M. & Turon, X. (2008). Phylogeography of the widespread marine invader Microcosmus squamiger (Ascidiacea) reveals high genetic diversity of introduced populations and non-independent colonisations. Divers. Distrib. 14: 818–828.
- Runnstrom, S. (1929). Weitere studien uber die Temperaturanpassung der fortplanzung und Entwicklung mariner Tiere. Bergens Mus. Arb. 10: 1–33.
- Sabbadin, A.(1955).Osservazionisullosviluppo, l’accrescimento e la reproduzione di Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas), in condizioni di laboratorio. Italian Journal of Zoology. 22(2): 243–263. 10.1080/11250005509439204.
- Sebastian, V.O. (1952). A new species of Synascidian from Madras. Curr. Sci. 21: 316–317.
- Sebastian, V.O. (1954). On Polyclinum indicum, a new Synascidian from the Madras Coast of India. Washington Acad. Sci. 44: 18–24.
- Sebastian, V.O. (1955). Perophora listeri indica var. Nova, a new ascidian from the Madras coast of India. Zool. Anz. 154(11/12): 266–288.
- Sebastian, V.O. (1956). Symplegma viride Herdman and Symplegma viride Stolonica Berril, two unrecorded fouling organisms from Indian seas. J. Timb. Dry.Preserv. Ass. India. 11(3): 2–4.
- Shannon, C.E. & Weaver (1964). The Mathematical Theory of communication. The University of Illinois press Urbana.
- Shenkar, N. & Loya, Y. (2009). Non-indigenous ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Mar. Biodivers. Rec. 2: 1–7.
- Shenkar, N. & Swalla, B.J. (2011). Global diversity of Ascidiacea. PLoS ONE 6(6): 1–12.
- Tamilselvi, M., Sivakumar, V., Abdul Jaffar Ali, H. & Thilaga, R.D. (2012). Diversity and seasonal variations of Class Ascidiacea in Thoothukudi coast, India. Int. J. Envir. Sci. 3(3): 1097–1115.
- Van Name, W.G. (1945). The North and South American Ascidians. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 84: 1–476.
- Vazquez, E. & Young, C.M. (1996). Responses of compound ascidian larvae to haloclines. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 133: 179–190.
- Vazquez, E. & Young C.M. (2000). Ascidiaceos del “fouling” de la ensenada de A Grana, Ra de Ferrol (Galicia, Espana). Nova. Acta. Cientfica. Compostelana. (Bioloxa) 3: 161–167.
- Venkataraman, K., Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R. & Sreeraj, C.R. (2012). Marine Biodiversity in India. Published by Director, ZSI, Kolkata.
- Vervoort, H.C., Pawlik, J.R. & Fenical, W. (1998). Chemical defense of the Caribbean ascidian Didemnum conchyliatum. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 164: 221–228.
- Walls Jackson, J.B.C. (1977). Competition on marine hard substrata: the adaptive significance of solitary and colonial strategies Am. Nat. 111: 743–767.
- Young, C.M. (1989). Defenses and refuges: alternative mechanisms of coexistence between a predatory gastropod and its ascidian prey. Mar. Biol. 91: 513–522.