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Underwater noise emitted during small-scale air entrainment events Cover

Underwater noise emitted during small-scale air entrainment events

Open Access
|Mar 2018

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Scheme of the conducted experiment: 1, 2, 3, 4 – hydrophones, 5 – tipping trough used for wave generation, 6 – microbubbles generator, 7 – camera

Figure 2

Comparison of the camera images of bubble plumes generated from 0.05 m of the tipping trough height for fresh water (a), fresh water with surfactant (b), saline water (c) and saline water with small bubbles (d)

Figure 3

Time series of sound pressure recorded at four hydrophones. Numbering of hydrophones as in Fig. 1

Figure 4

Averaged power spectra of underwater noise for each experiment case (upper part) with four examples of single events in fresh water (a), fresh water with surfactant (b), saline water (c), saline water with microbubbles (d) for 0.05 m height of the tipping trough

Figure 5

Spectrograms of averaged noise registered for 0.05 m height of the tipping trough in fresh water (a), water with surfactant (b), saline water (c) and water during the electrolysis process (d)

Figure 6

Total acoustic energy registered from a single air entrainment event as a function of the tipping trough elevation for fresh water (1), water with surfactant (2), saline water (3) and water during the electrolysis process (4)

Figure 7

Comparison of averaged NSL in third-octave bands for 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 m height of the tipping trough for fresh water (a) and saline water (b)

Figure 8

Comparison of averaged NSL in third-octave bands for 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05 m height of the tipping trough for saline water (a) and during the electrolysis process in saline water (b)

Figure 9

Resonant frequencies of the first three mixed modes in the tank

The number of air entrainment events under different water conditions performed for particular heights of the tipping trough edge above the water surface

Tipping trough height above the water surfaceFresh waterFresh water with surfactantSaline water (8.5 PSU)Saline water with microbubbles
0.02 m9-78
0.03 m9777
0.04 m-677
0.05 m9698
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2018-0010 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X
Language: English
Page range: 87 - 97
Submitted on: Jul 5, 2017
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Accepted on: Sep 29, 2017
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Published on: Mar 13, 2018
Published by: University of Gdańsk
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2018 Justyna Szuszkiewicz, Zygmunt Klusek, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.