Diatom assemblages as indicators of salinity gradients: a case study from a coastal lake

Rzodkiewicz, Monika; Gąbka, Maciej; Szpikowska, Grażyna; Woszczyk, Michał

doi:10.1515/ohs-2017-0034

Figures & Tables

Location of study sites. The inset shows location of Lake Resko Przymorskie

Relative abundance of ecological groups of diatoms from September 2012 to July 2014

Relative abundance of dominant species in Lake Resko Przymorskie (species with values >2%)

Biplots of redundancy analysis (RDA): chemical and physical variables (Temp, NO3-, NH4+, Ptot, PO43-, pH, Cl-, salinity, DO) and diatom species (species with values > 2% of relative abundance). Statistically significant variables are marked in bold. Code used for species: ANMN – Actinocyclus normanii, AINA – Amphora inariensis, ALIB – Amphora libyca, AOVA – Amphora ovalis, APED – Amphora pediculus, AUGR – Aulacoseira granulata, CAMP – Caloneis amphisbaena, CATO – Cyclotella atomus, CCMS – Cyclotella comensis, CMEN – Cyclotella meneghiniana, CPLI – Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, CVSO – Cavinula scuttelloides, DITE – Diatoma tenius, EARE – Ellerbeckia arenaria, FBER – Belonastrum berolinensis, FBRE – Pseudostaurosira brevistriata, FGEO – Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum, FIIS – Fragilaria inflata var. istvanffyi, FMAR – Martyana martyi, FNAN – Fragilaria nanana, FPIN – Staurosirella pinnata, FSOP – Fragilaria sopotensis, FSSA – Pseudostaurosira subsalina, HHUN – Hippodonta hungarica, KCLE – Karayevia clevei, NCIN – Navicula cincta, NPLT – Placoneis placentula, NRAD – Navicula radiosa, NRHY – Navicula rhynchocephala, NTPT – Navicula tripunctata, NVUL – Navicula vulpina, OMUT – Opephora olsenii, RAAB – Rhoicosphenia abbreviata, SCON – Staurosira construens, SMED – Stephanodiscus medius, SPAV – Stephanodiscus parvus

Samples with respect to the chemical and physical water parameters (Temp, NO3-, NH4+, Ptot, PO43-, pH, Cl-, salinity, DO). Statistically significant variables are marked in bold.

Classification merging salinity and chlorides content used in this study (after Van Dam et al_ 1994)

Class	Description	Cl^- (mg l^-1)	Salinity (PSU)
1	fresh	< 100	<0.2
2	fresh-brackish	< 500	< 0.9
3	brackish-fresh	500-1000	0.9-1.8
4	brackish	1000-5000	1.8-9.0

Average, maximum and minimum values of water quality variables recorded during sampling events

Season	Temp	Salinity	DO	pH	NH₄⁺	NO₃^-	PO₄^3-	P_tot	cl^-
Season	(°C)	(PSU)	(ppm)	pH	(mg l^-1)	(mg l^-1)	(Mg l^-1)	µgl^-1	(Mg l^-1)
09.2012	14.9	3.5	10.4	8.4	0.6	n.d.	0.05	55.4	2495
09.2012	(14.4 - 15.3)	(3.0-3.7)	(6.6-12.4)	(7.7-8.7)	(0.5-0.7)	n.d.	(0.0-0.1)	(42.0-78.0)	(2049-2686)

05.2013	17.8	1.9	n.a.	9.0	0.3	2.5	0.1	42.3	1401
05.2013	(17.0 - 19.2)	(1.9-2.0)	n.a.	(8.9-9.1)	(0.3-0.4)	(2.0-2.9)	(0.1-0.1)	(36.0-52.0)	(1328-1451)

07.2013	21.3	2.5	9.4	9.1	0.3	n.d.	n.d.	67.8	2158
07.2013	(21.0-21.4)	(2.4-2.5)	(8.8-10.5)	(9.0-9.2)	(0.3-0.3)	n.d.	n.d.	(55.0-82.0)	(2123-2195)

09.2013	14.2	3.4	11.1	9.2	0.6	n.d.	0.1	76.0	2687
09.2013	(14.1-14.2)	(3.3-3.5)	(10.2-12.4)	(9.2-9.3)	(0.5-0.7)	n.d.	(0.1-0.1)	(65.0-85.0)	(2541-2812)

11.2013	3.2	4.8	13.0	9.9	0.4	n.d.	0.1	35.0	3160
11.2013	(3.2-3.2)	(4.7-4.8)	(12.1-13.9)	(9.8-9.9)	(0.3-0.4)	n.d.	(0.1-0.1)	(34.0-36.0)	(3090-3231)

05.2014	21.3	3.6	11.3	8.5	0.6	n.d.	n.d.	31.0	2208
05.2014	(21.3-21.3)	(3.6-3.6)	(11.3-11.3)	(8.5-8.5)	(0.6-0.6)	n.d.	n.d.	(31.0-31.0)	(2208-2208)

07.2014	24.1	3.1	8.2	9.5	1.1	n.d.	0.1	65.0	2306
07.2014	(23.7-24.4)	(3.0-3.1)	(7.2-9.1)	(9.4-9.5)	(1.0-1.1)	n.d.	(0.1-0.1)	(54.0-76.0)	(2234-2378)

Optimum (weighted average) and tolerance (SD) of particular species compared to Cl- gradient

Species	Abundance			Cl^- mg l^-1
	frequency	mean	SD	Optimum	Tolerance
	Epithemia turgida (Ehrenberg) Kützing	2	0.0	0.1	2960.9	384.9
Staurosira binodis (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot	2	0.0	0.1	2749.1	324.2
Encymoena silesiacum (Bleisch) D.G.Mann	2	0.0	0.1	2648.7	835.2
Amphora marina W.Smith	2	0.0	0.1	2638.9	1159.3
Fragilaria capucina var. mesolepta (Rabenhorst) Rabenhorst	2	0.0	0.1	2495.1	1159.3
Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müller) Bory	3	0.1	0.2	2473.7	380.2
Amphora ovalis (Kützing) Kützing	3	0.1	0.1	2472.6	505.7
Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow ex A.Schmidt	12	0.7	0.6	2459.1	618.3
Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing	12	4.5	3.8	2457.3	391.5
Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M.Williams & Round	11	6.3	5.9	2414.3	630.2
Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenberg) D.M. Wiliams & Round	4	0.5	1.0	2386.1	535.0
Staurosira construens Ehrenberg	20	24.5	6.1	2385.6	497.9
Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve	5	0.1	0.1	2379.5	466.5
Martyana martyi (Héribaud-Joseph) Round	13	0.3	0.2	2371.0	609.1
Pseudostaurosira subsalina (Hustedt) E.A.Morales	9	1.2	1.5	2368.9	691.5
Cavinula scuttelloides (W. Smith) Lange-Bertalot	4	0.0	0.1	2356.3	308.3
Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum (Witkowski) E.A.Morales	20	49.6	12.8	2347.8	505.0
Navicula vulpina Kützing	4	0.0	0.1	2313.7	259.6
Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen	4	0.1	0.2	2311.1	310.3
Karayevia clevei (Grunow) Round & Bukhtiyarova	10	0.2	0.3	2310.3	656.3
Fragilaria inflata var. istvanffyi (Pant.) Hustedt	4	0.0	0.1	2305.1	686.4
Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehrenberg) Van Heurck	6	0.4	0.6	2290.1	576.6
Entomoneis alata (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg	2	0.0	0.1	2282.4	102.0
Amphora inariensis Krammer	6	0.1	0.2	2281.2	395.3
Belonastrum berolinensis (Lemmermann) Round & Maidana	4	0.1	0.1	2273.6	245.3
Stephanodiscus medius Håkansson	3	0.3	0.7	2261.3	143.0
Fragilaria sopotensis Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot	3	0.5	1.1	2245.5	102.9
Lindavia comensis (Grunow) T.Nakov et al.	2	0.5	1.4	2243.3	517.1
Placoneis placentula (Ehrenberg) Mereschkowsky	3	0.0	0.1	2212.3	964.0
Navicula rhynchocephala Kützing	4	0.1	0.3	2211.7	805.6
Cyclotella atomus Hustedt	4	4.9	9.9	2186.6	174.1
Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (C.Agardh) Lange-Bertalot	4	0.1	0.1	2156.4	854.0
Navicula radiosa Kützing	3	0.0	0.1	2128.5	519.8
Diatoma tenuis C.Agardh	1	1.1	4.4	2091.3	560.3
Stephanodiscus parvus Stoermer & Håkansson	3	0.4	1.0	2077.8	364.1
Ellerbeckia arenaria (G.Moore ex Ralfs) R.M.Crawford	4	0.1	0.1	2059.5	514.4
Planothidium lanceolatum (Kützing) Round & Bukhtiyarova	2	0.0	0.1	2041.9	1014.5
Navicula cryptocephala Kützing	2	0.0	0.1	2038.6	869.5
Fragilaria nanana Lange-Bertalot	4	0.2	0.4	2006.3	349.2
Actinocyclus normanii (W.Gregory ex Greville) Hustedt	7	0.2	0.2	1944.8	658.2
Hippodonta hungarica (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin Planothidium Witkowski	5	0.7	1.3	1921.9	643.2
Navicula menisculus Schumann	2	0.0	0.1	1906.9	613.3
Gomphonema olivaceum (Hornemann) Brébisson	2	0.0	0.1	1896.3	799.0
Amphora libyca Ehrenberg	4	0.3	0.7	1844.8	684.7
Opephora olsenii M⊘ller	3	0.5	1.3	1780.2	769.0
Navicula cincta (Ehrenberg) Ralfs	3	0.0	0.1	1748.6	633.4
Chaetoceros species	2	0.0	0.1	1742.2	596.6
Parlibellus crucicula (W.Smith) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin	1	0.1	0.3	1556.1	799.0
Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round & Bukhtiyarova	2	0.1	0.3	1470.7	799.0

Results of the forward selection of environmental parameters (Monte Carlo permutation test in RDA, p<0_05 are statistically significant and given in bold)

Variable	λ	F	p
Temperature	0.11	2.39	0.032
pH	0.12	2.70	0.015
PO₄^3-	0.08	2.06	0.047
Salinity	0.06	1.46	0.155
Cl^-	0.08	2.09	0.037
DO	0.04	1.18	0.308
P_tot	0.04	1.16	0.295
NO₃^-	0.03	0.92	0.490
NH₄⁺	0.03	0.98	0.434

Diatom assemblages as indicators of salinity gradients: a case study from a coastal lake

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

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Figure 4

Figure 5

Classification merging salinity and chlorides content used in this study (after Van Dam et al_ 1994)

Average, maximum and minimum values of water quality variables recorded during sampling events

Optimum (weighted average) and tolerance (SD) of particular species compared to Cl- gradient

Results of the forward selection of environmental parameters (Monte Carlo permutation test in RDA, p<0_05 are statistically significant and given in bold)

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